Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study is to examine the natural history of hay fever among former college students who were diagnosed with this disease either before or after their freshman year. The diagnosis of hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinitis was based on a history of watery, itchy eyes, rhinorrhea, and sneezing occurring for at least 2 consecutive years during the same seasonal period. A total of 738 former Brown University students (69% males and 31% females) who were evaluated and underwent skin testing during their freshman year completed a 23-year follow-up questionnaire inquiring of their history of allergies and asthma. The mean age of this group at the time of the follow-up study was 40 years. During the 23 years subsequent to the original study, 131 developed new hay fever in addition to the 175 who had hay fever as college freshman, totaling 306. At the time of the 23-year follow-up, improvement was noted by 84.8% (28/33) of those with hay fever onset 1-5 years, 63.6% (56/88) of those with onset 6-12 years, 55.6% (40/72) of those with onset 13-19 years, and 38.7% (41/106) of those with onset 20 years and older. Among those with an unknown age of onset, 42.9% (3/7) reported improvement of hay fever symptoms. The trend of increasing percentage of improvement with younger age of onset of hay fever is of statistical significance (p value of < 0.0001) using the chi-squared test for trend. A total of 54.9% (168/306) had noted improvement, of which 22.9% (70/306) reported being symptom free and 32.0% (98/306) reported being better but not symptom free. Of the remaining 45.1% (138/306), the hay fever was unchanged in 33.3% (102/306), worsened in 9.2% (28/306), and unknown in 2.6% (8/306). This study suggests that over a long period of time, hay fever symptoms will improve in the majority of individuals.
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PMID:Natural history of hay fever: a 23-year follow-up of college students. 980 40

The larynx and its muscles are important for ventilation, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, Valsalva's maneuver, and phonation. Because of their functional demands, the intrinsic laryngeal muscles have a unique phenotype: very small and fast fibers with high mitochondrial content. How aging affects their function is largely unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an intrinsic laryngeal muscle (thyroarytenoid muscle, a vocal fold adductor) would become weaker, slower, and fatigable with age. Muscles from Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F1 hybrid rats (6, 18, and 30 mo of age) were used for in vitro contractile function and histology. Thyroarytenoid muscles generated significantly lower twitch and tetanic forces at 30 mo vs. 6 and 18 mo. Maximal shortening velocity decreased by 20% at 30 mo (vs. 6 mo), and velocity of unloaded shortening was slower at 18 and 30 mo by 19 and 27% vs. 6 mo. There was no histochemical evidence of altered myosin ATPase activity at 18 or 30 mo of age. Fatigue resistance was significantly decreased at 18 and 30 mo. We also found abundant mitochondrial clusters and ragged red fibers in the muscles of 30-mo-old rats, and there was an age-related increase in glycogen-positive fibers. We conclude that rat thyroarytenoid muscles become weaker, slower, and more fatigable with age. These functional changes are not due to alterations in myosin ATPase activity, but a switch in the expression of myosin isoforms remains a possibility. Finally, the alterations in mitochondrial and glycogen content indicate a shift in the metabolic characteristics of these muscles with age.
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PMID:Contractile dysfunction and altered metabolic profile of the aging rat thyroarytenoid muscle. 1623 5

The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of chemical mediators in a nasal congestion model in Brown Norway (BN) rats. For the above purpose, we studied the effects of pranlukast and zafirlukast (cysteinyl leukotriene (cys-LT) receptor antagonists), seratrodast and ramatroban (thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) receptor antagonists) on nasal congestion and sneezing induced by toluene 2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI). All of these drugs suppressed the increase of enhanced pause (Penh), the index of nasal congestion, in both early and late phase responses; however, pranlukast, zafirlukast and seratrodast failed to suppress immediate sneezing caused by TDI challenge. These results indicate that cys-LTs and TXA(2) are responsible for the development of both early and late phase nasal congestion. Moreover, these chemical mediators contribute very little to immediate sneezing in a BN rat model of allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Participation in cysteinyl leukotrienes and thromboxane A2 in nasal congestion model in Brown Norway rats. 1776 52

The aim of the present study was to clarify the involvement of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in nasal congestion in Brown Norway (BN) rats. For this purpose, we studied the effects of PGE(2) receptor (EP(1), EP(2), EP(3) and EP(4)) agonists on nasal congestion and sneezing induced by toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). Enhanced pause (Penh) was increased 1 h (early phase) and 4 h (late phase) after TDI challenge. Sulprostone (an EP(3) receptor agonist) inhibited the increase of Penh, an index of nasal congestion, in both early and late phase responses. On the other hand, PGE(1) alcohol (an EP(4) agonist) increased Penh in the early phase response. Moreover, sulprostone inhibited sneezing, an immediate response by TDI challenge. These results indicate that EP(3) receptor is responsible for the relief of nasal congestion in both early and late phase responses, and EP(4) receptor is correlated with the development of nasal congestion in the early phase response. In addition, EP(3) receptor also participates in sneezing in allergic rhinitis induced by TDI challenge in BN rats.
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PMID:Participation of prostaglandin E2 receptor in nasal congestion of Brown Norway rats. 2004 37