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 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was conducted to investigate the degree of accuracy with which three groups of listeners could use perceptual analysis alone for identification of specific dysarthria types. The dysarthria types to be identified in this study were identical to those described by Darley, Aronson, and Brown (1969a): Flaccid, Spastic, Ataxic, Hypokinetic, Hyperkinetic Chorea, Hyperkinetic Dystonia, and Mixed. Each group demonstrated minimal success in the accurate identification of specific dysarthria types. Factors that possibly contributed to this poor success and potential implications are discussed.
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PMID:Identification of dysarthria types based on perceptual analysis. 365 12

The purpose of this study was to determine clinicians' attitudes toward the Darley, Aronson, and Brown (1969a, 1969b; 1975a) method of classification for differential diagnostic of dysarthria. A national telephone survey was conducted of 100 speech-language pathologists involved in the assessment and treatment of patients with dysarthria. Clinicians were questioned about their use of differential diagnosis as part of their service delivery to persons with dysarthria. Questions also focused on clinicians' perceptions of the helpfulness and difficulties of differential diagnosis. Results indicated that most clinicians use the Darley et al. (1969a, 1969b; 1975a) classification system for the differential diagnosis of dysarthria, stating that it is helpful in the design of a treatment protocol. A trend toward decreased perceived difficulty of differential diagnosis with increased years of work experience was observed. The clinical and academic training implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:The use of the Mayo Clinic system for differential diagnosis of dysarthria. 910 Jan 27

More than 30 years ago, Darley, Aronson, and Brown (1969) proposed clinicoanatomic correlations for seven perceptual types of dysarthria. These correlations have not been systematically re-examined even though imaging technologies developed in recent years provide the means to do so. This review considers data from published imaging studies as well as data from selected medical interventions to evaluate the current state of knowledge that relates lesion site to the nature of a speech disturbance. Although the extant data are not sufficient to allow a complete evaluation of the seven types of dysarthria described by Darley et al., relevant information has been reported on lesions of the pyramidal pathway, extrapyramidal pathway, and cerebellum. In general, the results are best explained by an equivalence mode of brain-behavior relationship in which a type of dysarthria is associated with a lesion in one of two or more brain structures. Criteria also are proposed for future studies of clinicoanatomic relationships in neurogenic communication disorders.
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PMID:Clinicoanatomic studies in dysarthria: review, critique, and directions for research. 1140 59

Acquired cerebellar lesions are associated with motor speech deficits. Spina bifida with hydrocephalus (SBH) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves significant dysmorphology of the cerebellum. Videotaped narratives produced by 40 children and adults with SBH and their 40 age-matched controls were coded for three motor speech deficits: dysfluency, ataxic dysarthria (articulatory inaccuracy, prosodic excess, and phonatory-prosodic insufficiency) (Brown, Darley, & Aronson, 1970; Darley, Aronson, & Brown, 1969a), and speech rate. Individuals with SBH had more motor speech deficits than controls. Dysfluency was related to an interaction between chronological age and SBH. Speech rate was related independently to chronological age and SBH. Ataxic dysarthria was related to the biology of SBH, and was associated with both physical phenotype (level of spinal cord lesion) and medical history (number of shunt revisions). The data show that developmental as well as acquired lesions of the cerebellum disrupt motor speech, and add to the developmental role of the cerebellum in the automatization of motor skills, including speech.
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PMID:Neuromotor speech deficits in children and adults with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. 1189 59

We report the first case of Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome from Libya. A 27-year-old female patient with progressive pontobulbar palsy, sensorineural deafness and generalized muscle weakness is described. Although she was born to consanguineous first cousin parents, she was the only one affected among five brothers and six sisters. The first symptoms appeared at the age of 18 years with tinnitus, weakness and unsteadiness that progressed over the course of a few weeks to deafness, blurring of vision, dysphagia, and dysarthria. Over the last nine years her symptoms progressed slowly, although interrupted with periods of rapid deterioration. Fifty-eight cases have been reported since the first case was described in 1894.
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PMID:Pontobulbar palsy and sensorineural deafness (Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome): the first case from Libya. 2000 84

Over 90 percent of patients with Parkinson's disease experience speech-motor impairment, namely, hypokinetic dysarthria characterized by reduced pitch and loudness. Resting-state functional connectivity analysis of blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging is a useful measure of intrinsic neural functioning. We utilized resting-state functional connectivity modeling to analyze the intrinsic connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease within a vocalization network defined by a previous meta-analysis of speech (Brown et al., 2009). Functional connectivity of this network was assessed in 56 patients with Parkinson's disease and 56 gender-, age-, and movement-matched healthy controls. We also had item 5 and 18 of the UPDRS, and the PDQ-39 Communication subscale available for correlation with the voice network connectivity strength in patients. The within-group analyses of connectivity patterns demonstrated a lack of subcortical-cortical connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease. At the cortical level, we found robust (homotopic) interhemispheric connectivity but only inconsistent evidence for many intrahemispheric connections. When directly contrasted to the control group, we found a significant reduction of connections between the left thalamus and putamen, and cortical motor areas, as well as reduced right superior temporal gyrus connectivity. Furthermore, most symptom measures correlated with right putamen, left cerebellum, left superior temporal gyrus, right premotor, and left Rolandic operculum connectivity in the voice network. The results reflect the importance of (right) subcortical nodes and the superior temporal gyrus in Parkinson's disease, enhancing our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of vocalization impairment in Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:The intrinsic resting state voice network in Parkinson's disease. 2562 59