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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a single-center, case-control study, we investigated the frequency and types of psychiatric disturbances in 89 consecutive patients with various primary focal dystonias (34 had cervical dystonia (CD), 28 blepharospasm (BPS), 16 laryngeal dystonia (LD), and 11 arm dystonia), 62 healthy control subjects and as controls for BPS, 26 patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). Patients and controls underwent a full psychiatric evaluation. Diagnosis was based on the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale, anxiety with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, the severity of depression with the Beck Depression Inventory. Of the 89 patients with focal dystonias studied, 51 patients (57.3%) had a diagnosis of psychiatric disorders compared with only 15 of 62 healthy subjects (24.1%) and 9 of the patients with HFS (34.6%). Depressive disorders were more frequent in the CD and BPS groups than in healthy controls, whereas the frequency of anxiety disorders, OCDs or adjustment disorders approached that of healthy subjects. No difference was found in the frequency of any specific psychiatric disorder in patients with LD and arm dystonia and healthy controls. In 35 of 51 patients who had psychiatric disorders, these started before and in 16 patients after the onset of dystonia. No differences were found in age, dystonia severity, and duration of botulinum toxin treatment between patients with and without psychiatric disturbances. The most common psychiatric features in patients with CD and BPS are depressive disorders.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorders in adult-onset focal dystonia: a case-control study. 2153 12

Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical-basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin-treated and -untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross-sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptom scores above cut-off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene-related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical-basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia.
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PMID:Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: a controlled study. 2183 Feb 32

An 11-year-old Brown Swiss cow was referred to the Farm Animal Department of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland, because of lateral recumbency due to puerperal hemolytic anemia. The animal had developed enophthalmos due to dehydration at the time of presentation. Two days after hospitalization, the cow showed blepharospasm and epiphora of the right eye. Ophthalmic examination of the right eye revealed a fluorescein-positive, paraxial, superficial corneal ulcer with focal edema, and mild superficial neovascularization. White corneal stromal infiltrates were seen at the edges of the ulcer bed. After initial topical treatment with an antibiotic ointment (Neomycin 3.5 mg/g, Bacitracin 250 IU/g) three times a day, an increase in corneal infiltrates was noted on re-examination 2 days later. Several fluorescein-negative, punctate, stromal, white opacities were seen dorsal to the ulcer. Cytology demonstrated the presence of fungal hyphae. Topical treatment with 2% miconazole ointment and 0.36% K-EDTA eye drops six times daily and four times daily, respectively, from the second day and continued antibiotics three times daily resolved the clinical symptoms within 6 days. Fungal culture identified the fungal organism as Eurotium amstelodami.
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PMID:Ulcerative fungal keratitis in a Brown Swiss cow. 2343 14