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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined the frequency of eating disorders in women with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Letters were sent to area psychiatrists asking them to refer patients diagnosed with OCD to a research study. Subjects completed the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and a survey including history of eating disorders. Thirty-one women participated in the study. Forty-two percent (N = 13) had a past or current history of an eating disorder: 26% anorexia nervosa alone (N = 8); 3% bulimia nervosa alone (N = 1); and 13% both anorexia and bulimia (N = 4). Our study found a higher percentage of history of eating disorders than expected. Perhaps specifically asking about history of weight loss, binging, and vomiting allowed for fuller disclosure of eating disorders than other studies that relied on retrospective chart review or limited the survey to current eating symptoms. A past history of eating disorder may be more common than previously believed and may frequently precede the diagnosis of OCD.
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PMID:Eating disorder history in women with obsessive compulsive disorder. 813 42

Anorectic and bulimic patients (n = 100) were interviewed using the Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale (YBC-EDS). All patients reported preoccupations and rituals related to their eating disorder ranging from mild to severe symptomatology, with mean scores in the moderate range. The preoccupations were more severe than the rituals; however, the rituals were still time-consuming, distressing, and interfered with functioning. Both preoccupations and rituals were largely ego syntonic. The YBC-EDS is an easy to administer interview which characterizes and quantifies preoccupations and rituals associated with eating disorders. It is useful both for research and clinical purposes.
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PMID:The Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale: a new scale to assess eating disorder symptomatology. 855 19

Orthotopic left lung grafts from Brown Norway (BN) donors were transplanted to Lewis (LEW) rat recipients which had been treated with a single dose of FK506 10mg/kg body weight intramuscularly on postoperative day 3. Although the lungs were rejected with a median survival time of 7 days, with a range of 6-8 days in the untreated controls, maximum survival was prolonged to 60 days. The major adverse effects of this therapy were reduction of feeding, loss of body weight, and diarrhea. One of the 7 rats died on the 21st postoperative day due to anorexia. The effects of this therapy were investigated by histopathological examination and flow cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies against rat lymphocytes: OX-39 (anti-interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R)) and OX-6 (anti-class II MHC). Histopathologically, the lung allografts showed mild perivascular and peribronchiolar cuffs of mononuclear cells, while marked reduction of the thymic medulla with FK506 treatment was also observed. Flow cytometric analysis of the transplanted lung showed no significant changes. Regarding the thymus, the percentages of positive cells labeled with OX-39 and OX-6 were significantly suppressed after this treatment. In the spleen, the number of OX-6-positive cells significantly decreased. The results using this therapy thus suggest that the suppression of IL-2R and MHC class II expression was systemically maintained for a long time.
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PMID:Effect of a single injection of high-dose FK506 on lung transplantation in rats. 901 63

Many patients with cancer of the stomach or pancreas have locally advanced, unresectable disease at diagnosis or will develop an early local or regional recurrence despite potentially curative surgery. Effective local treatment could increase the proportion of patients able to undergo surgery and decrease locoregional recurrences, which should improve overall survival. External beam radiation (RT) by itself has little effect. Standard treatment, such as RT with concurrent administration of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy as a radiation sensitizer, has, at best, a modest impact on locoregional recurrences and survival. The use of a more effective radiosensitizer might improve the efficacy of local treatment. Paclitaxel synchronizes cells at G2M, the phase of the cell cycle during which cells are most sensitive to the effects of ionizing radiation, and has been demonstrated to sensitize a variety of human cell lines to the effects of RT. In patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the Brown University Oncology Group (BrUOG) has demonstrated a high response rate to low-dose weekly paclitaxel with concurrent RT. In addition, we demonstrated that the response to paclitaxel/RT was not affected by mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. This suggested that paclitaxel/RT would be a rational treatment approach for other malignancies with a high frequency of p53 mutations, such as gastric and pancreatic cancers. We have completed a phase I study of weekly paclitaxel and concurrent radiation for locally advanced gastric and pancreatic cancers. The maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel was 50mg/m2/week for six weeks with 50 Gray (Gy) abdominal radiation. The dose limiting toxicities were abdominal pain, nausea and anorexia. Preliminary response data from ongoing phase II studies suggest that preoperative paclitaxel/RT has substantial activity in patients with locally advanced gastric and pancreatic cancers, though whether this will translate into improved disease-free and overall survival in these patients is not known.
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PMID:Weekly paclitaxel as a radiation sensitizer for locally advanced gastric and pancreatic cancers: the Brown University Oncology Group experience. 920 86

Clinicians working with contemporary women with anorexia nervosa have commented on the ascetic component in anorexia, meaning their self-denial, heightened morality, opposition between body and spirit, asexuality, and denial of bodily death (Mogul, 1980; Palazzoli, 1978; Rampling, 1985; Sabom, 1985; Turner, 1984). While these clinicians have commented on the asceticism in contemporary anorexia nervosa, they have little to say about the role of culture in subjective experiences of this asceticism. As we have seen, Jane and Margaret used notions of asceticism about food and the body that are a part of their religious beliefs to create a personal meaning system through which they expressed their self-starvation. These cases, while supporting clinical studies that point to an ascetic component in modern anorexia, go further to suggest that in some cases, this asceticism may be encoded in religion. Religious anorectics like Jane and Margaret challenge models of anorexia nervosa that understand the condition exclusively in terms of cultural foci on "dieting" and secular ideals of beauty and bodily thinness for women (Bemporad, Hoffman, & Herzog, 1989; Chernin, 1985; Garner et al., 1980; Orbach, 1986; Rost, Newhaus, & Florian, 1982). They also suggest a continuing persistence into the twentieth century of an association between religiosity and self-starvation noted by historians during the early Christian, medieval, and late-Victorian periods in the West (Bell, 1985; Brown, 1988; Brumberg, 1985, 1988; Bynum, 1987). The above discussion points to the new directions in psychological anthropology which challenge a strict and opposing dichotomy between the conscious and unconscious, between culture (seen as "public") and the individual mind (seen as "private" and idiosyncratic). Obeyesekere's concept of "the work of culture," (Obeyesekere, 1990) and Stephen's concept of the "autonomous imagination" are especially useful in understanding how persons like Jane and Margaret use in imaginative ways cultural symbols, such as notions of asceticism about food and the body that are a part of religion, to give meaning to their personal concerns with growth, separation, and sexuality. We saw how Jane and Margaret transform cultural symbols and language to express their starvation and deep anxieties. These cases lend support to views that culture and religion, as symbolic systems, have underpinnings in deep motivation (Obeyesekere, 1981, 1990; Spiro, 1965, 1987). They also suggest that the relations between culture and the individual mind (and between culture and "illness," between "normal" and "abnormal") must be viewed as a moving continuum, with culture constantly worked and reworked by the individual imagination in innovative and creative ways.
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PMID:The imaginative use of religious symbols in subjective experiences of anorexia nervosa. 921 86

Wistar-Kyoto rats are reported to be very passive in the forced swimming test. In addition, they did not respond to acute administration of either desipramine or 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). In the present experiment, it was studied whether or not they respond to acute and chronic administration of imipramine and the possible relationship to down-regulation of beta-adrenoceptors and 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Sprague-Dawley and Brown-Norway rats were included in the study as it has been previously demonstrated that the two strains respond to acute desipramine and 8-OH-DPAT administration. Whereas acute administration of imipramine (15 mg/kg, three times in a 24 h period) significantly increased struggling and reduced immobility in Sprague-Dawley and Brown Norway rats, Wistar-Kyoto rats failed to respond to the drug. After chronic treatment with imipramine (13 days plus the acute imipramine treatment at the end of the treatment period), the three strains showed a positive response that was always significantly greater than the response to acute administration, but which was much lower in Wistar-Kyoto than in the other two strains. Down-regulation of both beta-adrenoceptors and 5-HT2 receptors was observed 24 h after the forced swimming test in acutely and chronically imipramine-treated rats of the three strains, except that in Sprague-Dawley rats beta-adrenoceptors did not change after acute imipramine. No significant decrease in 5-HT1 binding sites was observed in any strain. Acute imipramine administration caused a similar anorexia in Wistar-Kyoto as in the other strains and at least the same level of down-regulation of beta-adrenoceptors and 5-HT2 receptors. In addition, serum imipramine levels on the day after the last drug administration were higher in Wistar-Kyoto than in the other two strains. All these data suggest that the subsensitivity to imipramine observed in Wistar-Kyoto rats: (i) can not be primarily explained by pharmacokinetic differences, and (ii) does not appear to be related to the monoaminergic systems. Wistar-Kyoto rats might be therefore not only a good animal model of depressive-like (passive) behavior, but also a model of resistance to antidepressants which could be used to investigate the neurobiological basis of such resistance, which is also observed in some depressed patients.
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PMID:Are Wistar-Kyoto rats a genetic animal model of depression resistant to antidepressants? 943 Apr 5

The age-related decrease in serum T levels is associated with impairments in food intake and weight regulation and alterations in brain peptides that regulate energy balance. To test the hypothesis that reduced T levels contribute to altered hypothalamic cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and NPY gene expression, the mRNA content of these neuropeptides was measured by in situ hybridization in sham-operated (intact), castrated, and T-replaced castrated young and old male Brown Norway rats. T levels in T-replaced young and old rats were similar to those in intact young animals. Compared with castrated rats, arcuate nucleus CART mRNA was lower and NPY mRNA was higher in both young and old T-replaced castrated animals, suggesting reciprocal regulation of these peptides by T; these T-induced changes were localized primarily in the rostral arcuate and were markedly attenuated in old animals. Compared with intact animals, paraventricular nucleus CART mRNA was lower in castrated animals and similar in T-replaced young and old rats. We conclude that hypothalamic CART and NPY neurons remain responsive to T regulation in old rats, albeit less so than in young animals, suggesting that the age-related reduction of T contributes in part to altered brain neuropeptide gene expression favoring anorexia and wasting with aging.
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PMID:Testosterone (T)-induced changes in arcuate nucleus cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript and NPY mRNA are attenuated in old compared to young male brown Norway rats: contribution of T to age-related changes in cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript and NPY gene expression. 1186 18

Paclitaxel and concurrent radiation (paclitaxel/RT) have been evaluated by the Brown University Oncology Group (BrUOG) and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) in phase I and II studies for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The dose limiting toxicities were abdominal pain within the radiation field, nausea and anorexia. The phase II Brown University study, utilizing paclitaxel 50 mg/m(2) per week for 6 weeks with 50.4 Gy radiation, demonstrated modest locoregional activity and acceptable toxicity. The median and 1-year survival of paclitaxel/RT in the RTOG phase II study suggests an improvement over previous RTOG studies of fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiation. The addition of gemcitabine to paclitaxel and radiation has also demonstrated promising preliminary activity and a phase II study by the RTOG is being initiated.
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PMID:Paclitaxel as a radiation sensitizer for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. 1209 7

Uterine torsion is more common in the cow than any other domestic species. The etiopathogenesis of the condition remains open to speculation. Available hospital referral records of bovine uterine torsions (n = 164) were collated, and additional comparisons for season, age and breed were made using the VDMP data base of 24 North American veterinary schools. There was no effect of season. Brown Swiss cows were at a significantly higher risk (P = 0.0001), while Hereford, Angus, and Jersey cows were at a lower risk for uterine torsion when compared with Holstein-Friesian cows, the largest breed population (P = 0.01). Most cows (81%) were at term. Clinical signs of torsion included fever (23%), tachycardia (93%), tachypnea (94%), straining (23%), anorexia (18%) and vaginal discharge (13%). In 34% of the cases the torsion was precervical, with no vaginal involvement being noted. The severity of the torsion was predominately 180 to 270 degrees (57%) and 271 to 360 degrees (22%). Counter-clockwise torsion was present in 63% of the cases. Vaginal delivery was possible after manual correction (20%) or rolling of the cow (18%). Cesarean section was performed immediately in 35% of the cases, after failed detorsion attempts in 7%, and due to failure of the cervix to dilate following successful correction of the torsion in 20%. Calf birth weights exceeded breed means in 89% of the cases, and a significantly greater proportion (63%) of the fetuses were male. Fetal survival rate was 24% (14% of dead fetuses were emphysematous), and the cow survival rate was 78% (10% were euthanized). The fetal membrane retention rate was 57%. It was found that large term fetuses appear to predispose a cow to uterine torsion.
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PMID:Bovine uterine torsion: 164 hospital referral cases. 1672 39

Aging is associated with a loss of the ability to maintain homeostasis in response to physiologic and environmental disturbances. Age-related dysregulation of food intake and energy balance appears to be the result of impaired responsiveness of hypothalamic integrative circuitry to metabolic cues, which can lead to lack of appropriate food intake (the anorexia of aging) and thus to inappropriate weight loss in response to acute or chronic illness or other stressors. Using the Brown Norway (BN) male rat model, we have shown that old animals fail to appropriately increase food intake after the metabolic challenge of a 72 h fast, resulting in the failure to re-gain lost body weight upon refeeding. Leptin levels increase with adiposity and age, and remain elevated above levels of young animals even after a 72 h fast, suggesting that hyperleptinemia may be influencing the energy balance dysregulation. It is unclear whether this age-related response is due to a failure of the network of hypothalamic neurons to appropriately integrate hormonal and neural inputs, or due to a failure of the neurons to produce the appropriate neuropeptides. We hypothesize that sequential, age-related alterations in the expression patterns of neuropeptides that maintain melanocortinergic tone, and in the hormone mediators that inform the system of the state of energy balance, result in a diminished ability to maintain energy homeostasis with increasing age. We have undertaken a number of interventional approaches to test this hypothesis, including manipulations of the hormones ghrelin, insulin and testosterone, and direct application of neuropeptides to the central nervous system in these animals.
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PMID:Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging in the Brown Norway rat. 1678 40


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