Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The choice of an antidepressant according to the possible course of depression is a fundamental step in the treatment approach. Socio-demographic factors are considered in order to predict the outcome of depression receiving an adequate treatment. Only a few studies deal with this topic, probably because of the role the same factors play in the occurrence of depression. The influence of age, sex, marital status, socio-economic level and life events on compliance with treatment is considered as well as main clinical issues such as treatment resistance, risk of chronicity and of suicide. Generally speaking, socio-demographic factors do not constitute a major parameter when selecting an antidepressant. They are useful to identify patients at risk requiring special therapeutic measures. The poor prognosis of depression in males after 65 has must be emphatized, as well as the negative influence of life events occurring during the course of endogenous depression. Conversely, a decrease in the number of life events or a life event experiencing a new start in life, play an important role in the improvement of depression according to Brown. Those factors remain in the background of the pathological process and of its evolution, acting indirectly, with a poor association power. Moreover, most of those predictors have been determined a posteriori.
 ...
PMID:[Depressive disorders. Sociodemographic factors predicting therapeutic response]. 180 61

This study determined the concurrent validity between the Activity Vector Analysis (AVA) index of anxiety (AVA pattern shape PS 5519, Vector 4 divided by Vector 3) and scores on the IPAT Anxiety Scale. Utilizing 182 subjects including 59 Brown University undergraduates, 74 suicide prevention volunteers, 34 emergency medical technicians, and 15 Rhode Island College students, results suggest that strong concurrent validity exists between the AVA anxiety index and the IPAT Anxiety Scale. In the four groups tested, the correlation between the AVA measure of anxiety and the IPAT ranged from .39 to .56. The IPAT and the AVA index of anxiety seem essentially to measure the same construct of basic anxiety.
 ...
PMID:Concurrent validity for an Activity Vector Analysis index of anxiety. 716 88

To determine if specific sets of dysfunctional attitudes were related to suicidal ideation, the 100-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) was administered to 908 psychiatric outpatients along with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Self-Concept Test (BST), and Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI). The SSI was used to classify the outpatients into 97 (10.7%) suicide ideators and 811 (89.3%) nonideators, and the DAS was scored for nine subscales described by Beck, Brown, Steer, and Weissman (1991). None of the DAS subscales discriminated the ideators and nonideators or was significantly related to SSI total scores of the suicide ideators after controlling for sex, age, diagnosis of a mood or panic disorder, comorbidity, presence of a personality disorder, a history of a past suicide attempt, the BDI, the BHS, and the BST. The contributions of sets of dysfunctional attitudes for identifying and explaining suicidal ideation were overshadowed by a history of a past suicide attempt and hopelessness.
 ...
PMID:Dysfunctional attitudes and suicidal ideation in psychiatric outpatients. 847 28

The psychometric properties of the Scale for Suicide Ideation--Current (SSI-C; Beck, Kovacs & Weissman, 1979, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 343-352) and the Scale for Suicide Ideation--Worst (SSI-W; Beck, Brown, Steer, Dahlsgaard & Grisham, 1997, in press) were explored. These 19-item clinician-administered scales measure current suicide ideation (SSI-C) as well as suicide ideation at its worst point in the patient's life (SSI-W). For a sample of 4063 outpatients, both scales were positively correlated with a diagnosis of a principal mood disorder, a diagnosis of a personality disorder, and measures of depression and hopelessness. The relationship between the SSI-W and a history of suicide attempts was stronger (r = 0.50, P < 0.001) than the relationship between the SSI-C and previous suicide attempts (r = 0.31, P < 0.001). For 444 current and 1764 past suicide ideators, the SSI-C and the SSI-W had high internal consistencies (coefficient alpha s = 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). The SSI-C and the SSI-W were moderatedly correlated with each other (r = 0.51, P < 0.001). Iterated maximum-likelihood principal-factor analyses identified comparable Preparation and Motivation dimensions underlying both scales.
 ...
PMID:Psychometric characteristics of the Scale for Suicide Ideation with psychiatric outpatients. 943 35

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed to play an important role in the regulation of energy balance. The unique presence of uncoupling protein (UCP) permits BAT to expend calories unrelated to the performance of work with the net result being the generation of heat. The role of BAT in mediating diet-induced thermogenesis had led to the suggestion that BAT activity contributes to metabolic inefficiency and, as such, might provide a cellular and molecular explanation for protection from obesity. In order to directly test this hypothesis, we recently created mice with isolated BAT deficiency by using a suicide DNA transgenic vector in which regulatory elements of the UCP gene were used to drive brown fat specific expression of diptheria toxin A-chain (DTA). Transgenic mice are characterized by reduced energy expenditure and marked obesity, associated with insulin resistance and NIDDM with both receptor and post-receptor components. Feeding of a "Western diet" which derives 41% of its calories from fat leads to a synergistic effect on the development of obesity and its accompanying disorders in transgenics. The results of our studies support a critical role for BAT in the nutritional homeostasis of mice and suggest that the intact thermogenic function of BAT is required for protection from diet induced obesity. Obese UCP-DTA mice have many features in common with obesity as it appears in most humans, and should therefore be a useful model that may aid studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of human obesity, NIDDM and their complications.
 ...
PMID:Obesity after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. 955 22

Patients suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder may progressively worsen and become severely disabled, and may then be classified as suffering from severe and enduring mental illness. Concern about risk to self and others focuses on this patient group, and community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) are under pressure to target patients with this diagnosis. CPNs have been accused of neglecting patients with a severe and enduring diagnosis in favour of other patient groups, but if they restrict services at primary care level this may have serious implications for patients. Patients who have had no previous contact with mental health services may have potentially serious and life threatening conditions. For example, depressed men may not be categorized as severely mentally ill, but the suicide rate amongst this patient group is very high, and they may externalize depression and resort to violence if untreated. Depressed men may lack social support and the means to express psychological distress, and these factors may precipitate or exacerbate depression. Early referral and assessment can prevent crises, deterioration in mental health and suicide. CPNs do not necessarily have to provide ongoing care following assessment, but they do have a significant role to play in primary health care referrals for the non-psychotic mentally ill. CPNs act as a filter for the expertise and resources of multidisciplinary mental health teams. General practitioners will have increasing difficulty accessing the resources of multidisciplinary mental health teams if CPNs are unable to accept primary health care referrals. Primary care interventions are very important for the assessment of depression because they may help men to express psychological distress and assist them to access appropriate services and treatment. The experience of working with depressed men in a primary health care setting revealed that many lack confidants, or do not confide in those close to them. The interview schedule designed by Brown & Harris (1978) to gather data on the relationships of depressed women was used to explore the relationships of depressed men who were attending a Mental Health Day Centre.
 ...
PMID:Depressed men: an exploratory study of close relationships. 1187 96

Election years in Britain, the USA, France, and Italy have not granted the environment a high place on the political agenda even in the year of the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). The erosion of the natural resources base is not included as natural resource accounting in the computation of gross national product (GNP). In countries such as Germany, Australia, Indonesia, and Costa Rica, 50% of GNP growth annually is cancelled out by soil erosion, pollution, excessive logging, and other environmental degradation. The economic health of the country including recovery from recessions is related to environmental protection. The economic practices involve ecological deficit accounting. It has been suggested by Lester Brown of the Worldwatch Institute that an economical deflator is needed to gage economic progress. The ecological illiteracy of politicians prevents the American people from realizing the actual cost of ignoring the problems. Politicians fight against raising taxes on gasoline and ignore the cost of carbon dioxide emissions and destabilization of climate. Americans pay a 1/4 the price Europeans pay for gasoline. Energy conservation must be expanded from current levels. Improvements have been made since the first OPEC price hike in 1973; the economy saved $100 billion a year and improved efficiency and production. American conservation in line with European conservation would save $200 billion a year; matching Japanese conservation would generate a savings of $300 billion. This sum exceeds the Federal deficit or the Pentagon budget. It is enough to save 8 million children who die from preventable causes or provide $4.5 billion/year annually to the year 2000 for foreign aid for UN family planning programs. The savings compares favorable with the UNCED estimates of $125 billion/year for environmental protection in the South. The question is whether politicians really would be committing political suicide by listening less to oil and car lobbyists and listening more to those promoting long term interests and security.
 ...
PMID:Political non-speak. Gadfly: Norman Myers. 1231 83

This article describes the long-term course of anxiety disorders based on the findings of the Harvard/Brown Anxiety Research Program (HARP) study--a prospective, naturalistic, longitudinal study of patients with anxiety disorders. Data from the HARP study emphasize both the chronicity of anxiety disorders and their frequent psychiatric comorbidity with other anxiety disorders and depression. Social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder are more chronic than panic disorder, although the latter has higher rates of relapse following recovery. Anxiety disorders have a major impact on the everyday lives of sufferers. The detrimental effects on social, psychological, and physical functioning are comparable with other chronic medical and psychiatric conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, and depression. Comorbidity with depression significantly increases the probability of suicide and is associated with poorer outcome. Findings from the HARP study have significant implications for treatment, which currently tends to focus on short-term outcomes. Future studies should emphasize the role of preventive pharmacotherapy to improve the long-term course of anxiety and to reduce its associated suffering, suicide, and occupational and social impairment.
 ...
PMID:Raising the expectations of long-term treatment strategies in anxiety disorders. 1249 Aug 33

Introduction of the HSV-Tk suicide gene into allogeneic T cells offers the possibility to control developing host-reactive cells within the context of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Sensitive quantitative detection methods are a prerequisite to monitor genetically modified T cells in peripheral blood and tissues to study their involvement in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-induced lesions as well as their disappearance or persistence after ganciclovir (GCV)-induced suicide. We monitored the alloreactivity of HSV-Tk-transduced T cells after BMT by studying their in vivo distribution and quantity in peripheral blood and in tissues in a WAG/Rij into Brown Norway fully mismatched rat allogeneic BMT model. Genetically modified T cells were quantified in blood and tissues by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, immunohistochemical analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. A significant increase in the number of allogeneic HSV-Tk(+) T cells was found in particular in spleen and lymph nodes and large numbers were found in tongue, skin, and intestines. In blood, an increase in HSV-Tk(+) T cells closely preceded clinical symptoms of GVHD. Real-time quantitative PCR proved to be a fast and accurate tool by which to quantify transduced T cells both in blood and tissues. This enables the study of the in vivo alloreactivity of retrovirus-transduced cells and the response of HSV-Tk-expressing T cells to GCV-induced suicide therapy. Furthermore, we showed the potential use to study specific cause-effect relationships in a broad range of animal and clinical studies involving genetically engineered cells.
 ...
PMID:Monitoring of developing graft-versus-host disease mediated by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene-transduced T cells. 1265 75

The association between a polymorphism in the promoter area of the serotonin transporter (17q11.1-q12) with impulsivity and history of aggressive behavior was studied in a Spanish general hospital. Subjects comprised 216 suicide attempters (152 women and 64 men) and 223 control blood donors (124 women and 99 men). They were classified as S individuals (s/s or s/l) with low expression of the serotonin transporter, and L individuals (l/l) with high expression. The genotype was not associated with high levels of impulsivity (measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) or history of aggressive behavior (measured with the Brown-Goodwin scale). This lack of association did not appear to be explained by lack of statistical power. High scores on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and the Brown-Goodwin Aggressive Behavior Scale were associated with being an attempter, male gender and borderline personality disorder. While our Spanish suicide attempters and published US suicide attempters have similar BIS scores, our Spanish suicide attempters have significantly lower aggressive behavior scores. If cross-cultural differences in aggressive behavior scores are definitively established, country norms for aggressive behavior scales will need to be developed to compare genetic studies in different countries.
 ...
PMID:Lack of association between the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism and impulsivity or aggressive behavior among suicide attempters and healthy volunteers. 1512 89


1 2 3 4 Next >>