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 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the this study was to develop an instrument for measuring the obsessive and compulsive characteristics of drinking-related thought and behavior in subjects who abuse or are dependent on alcohol, and to quantify the extent to which drinking-related thought and behavior in these subjects resemble the obsessions and compulsions seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To achieve these goals, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was modified to reflect obsessionality and compulsivity specifically related to heavy drinking rather than to obsessions and compulsions generally. The modified Y-BOCS (Y-BOCS-hd) was administered to 62 subjects satisfying DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence and 62 matched normal controls. The data showed that the Y-BOCS-hd is a sensitive and specific instrument for measuring the obsessive and compulsive characteristics of drinking-related thought and behavior in alcohol-abusing and alcohol-dependent populations, and that there are specific and quantifiable similarities between these characteristics and the obsessions and compulsions of OCD. The data also indicated that the Y-BOCS-hd may be a useful screening instrument for the presence of alcohol abuse and dependence.
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PMID:Obsessive and compulsive characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence: quantification by a newly developed questionnaire. 159 May 48

The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which subjective ratings of craving for alcohol in the alcohol-abusing or dependent person (herein, alcoholic) correlate with measurable and specific characteristics of obsessions and compulsions. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified to reflect obsessionality and compulsivity specifically related to heavy drinking (Y-BOCS-hd) was used for this purpose. Highly significant correlations were found in the alcoholic population (n = 62) between subjectively rated craving for alcoholic beverages and several of the Y-BOCS-hd questions regarding alcohol-related thoughts and drinking behavior. Additionally, mean craving scores were considerably greater in the alcoholic population than in the matched control population (n = 62). The data suggest that craving shares specific features in common with the obsessions of obsessive-compulsive disorder and that the existence of craving is dependent on the presence of obsessive thoughts about drinking. Positive correlations between craving and measures of compulsive drinking behavior also were found; compulsive drinking behavior, however, may reflect the consequences of craving rather than a fundamental characteristic of craving itself. The data show that despite difficulties in defining the term craving, it is clearly a phenomenon that is experienced or endorsed by most alcoholic subjects and is not by most persons who do not abuse alcohol.
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PMID:Obsessive and compulsive characteristics of craving for alcohol in alcohol abuse and dependence. 159 May 49

A significant relationship between the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS, Skinner & Allen, 1982) and positive expectancies for alcohol use (AEQ, Brown et al., 1987) is reported that has implications for educational programmes designed to promote sensible drinking. Expectancies predicted current drinking and dependence scores among a sample of young adults that contained 14.6% of subjects scoring above the cut-off point on the ADS. AEQ scores were found to predict ADS scores over and above current drinking and the AEQ subscales successfully differentiated between heavy drinking and dependent drinking. Canonical correlations revealed that for males higher scores on Increased social assertiveness, Sexual enhancement and Arousal and power were related to higher symptoms of loss of control over drinking. The picture was more complex for females in that three canonical variates were found. First, personal expectancies elevated across all the subscales of the AEQ were related to Loss of control. Secondly, females with high scores on Global positive changes and Sexual enhancement showed more symptoms of obsessive drinking and finally, females with higher Arousal and power expectancies but lower Sexual enhancement also had higher scores on the Perceptual withdrawal subscale from the ADS.
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PMID:Expectancies relate to symptoms of alcohol dependence in young adults. 868 17

"Craving" for alcohol needs improved definition and measurement. This review provides a rationale for considering at least certain aspects of craving as having obsessive and compulsive features. As such, there may be phenomenological, but not necessarily etiological, overlap with obsessive-compulsive disorder. There are increasing data that suggest a neuroanatomical overlap between addiction/craving and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The self-rated Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), based on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for heavy drinking interview (YBOCS-hd), was developed to assist in the examination of certain aspects of "craving" in alcoholics. The development, reliability, face validity, congruent validity and predictive validity of the OCDS are presented and discussed in this paper. The utility of the OCDS as a measurement tool in cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological alcoholism treatment research is highlighted. The potential of this instrument as a research and clinical tool for the understanding and evaluation of alcohol dependence needs further evaluation.
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PMID:Obsessive-compulsive aspects of craving: development of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale. 1100 15

The measurement of alcohol "craving" began with single-item scales. Multifactorial scales developed with the intention to capture more fully the phenomenon of craving. This study examines the construct validity of a multifactorial scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for heavy drinking (Y-BOCS-hd). The study compares its clinical utility with a single item visual-analogue craving scale. The study includes 212 alcohol dependent subjects (127 males, 75 females) undertaking an outpatient treatment program between 1999-2001. Subjects completed the Y-BOCS-hd and a single item visual-analogue scale, in addition to alcohol consumption and dependence severity measures. The Y-BOCS-hd had strong construct validity. Both the visual-analogue alcohol craving scale and Y-BOCS-hd were weakly associated with pretreatment dependence severity. There was a significant association between pretreatment alcohol consumption and the visual-analogue craving scale. Neither craving measure was able to predict total program abstinence or days abstinent. The relationship between obsessive-compulsive behavior in alcohol dependence and craving remains unclear.
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PMID:A comparison of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for "heavy drinking" with a single item craving measure: construct validity and clinical utility. 1583 Jul 36

Psychometric properties of Turkish version of the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for heavy drinking (YBOCS-hd) were examined in alcohol-dependent male patients. Factor structure, internal consistency and discriminant validity of the YBOCS-hd were analysed in a sample of 117 male patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence. To study its convergent validity, the YBOCS-hd was correlated with the Addiction Severity Index in 34 of the patients. A test - retest reliability study was performed on the data from 34 patients. Correlation between the YBOCS-hd total score and the ASI Alcohol Use score was moderate (r = 0.51). One factor explained 50.2% of the variance. The YBOCS-hd was able to discriminate the groups abstinent for less than 1 month and a second group with at least 1 month of abstinence. Test - retest correlation was high (r = 0.81, ICC = 0.81). The Turkish version of the YBOCS-hd proved to be a reliable and valid instrument measuring craving in alcohol-dependent male individuals.
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PMID:Validation study of the Turkish version of the Yale - Brown obsessive compulsive scale for heavy drinking in a group of male patients. 1685 62

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a brief version of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent (AEQ-A; Brown, Christiansen, & Goldman, 1987). The original AEQ-A was reduced to seven items (called the AEQ-AB). Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was performed and two factors emerged (General Positive Effects and Potential Negative Effects) accounting for 46% of the variance. Internal consistencies are comparable to those of the original AEQ-A (0.50). Scales correlate with criterion variables such as average drinks per week and average number of drinks per heavy drinking day (p < 0.05). It is concluded that this questionnaire may be useful to clinicians providing brief assessment and intervention. Cross-validation in other samples and other settings is recommended.
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PMID:Validity and Reliability of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent, Brief. 2022 56