Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seasonal affective disorder is a form of depression which recurs at the same time of the year. Exposure to bright artificial light at a dose of 2,500 lux is used to treat seasonal affective disorders. We exposed a pigmented (Brown Norway) and a nonpigmented (Sprague-Dawley) rat strain with bright artificial light for 21 days at two doses (2,500 and 6,100 lux) and analyzed dopamine, dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection in eight different brain regions. Furthermore, we measured tissue levels of substance P (SP), neurokinins (NK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) with radioimmunoassay. Our data obtained with light microscopy show that bright artificial light at both doses induced a massive destruction of photoreceptors in the retina of albino rats but not of the pigmented rat strain. Retinal lesion of photoreceptors resulted in increased tissue levels of all measured neuropeptides except SP in the hypothalamus and increased VIP in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra. Furthermore, increased 5-HT and 5-HIAA tissue levels were found in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra. In contrast, in the frontal cortex there was a significant reduction in 5-HIAA tissue levels and a decreased 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio, indicating decreased 5-HT metabolism. Light exposure of the pigmented rat strain revealed no changes in the measured biogenic amines and neuropeptides in any investigated brain region. Our data suggest that retinal lesion but not direct visual neurotransmission induced changes in neurotransmitters in some brain regions. We conclude that Brown Norway rats but not Sprague-Dawley rats are useful to study neurochemical effects of bright artificial light. However, Sprague-Dawley rats may be a useful tool to study biochemical mechanisms of photoreceptor damage by bright light.
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PMID:Effects of bright artificial light on monoamines and neuropeptides in eight different brain regions compared in a pigmented and nonpigmented rat strain. 152 5

A variety of bacterial cellular responses to environmental signals are mediated by two-component signal transduction systems comprising a membrane-associated histidine protein kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator (RR), which interpret specific stimuli and produce a measured physiological response. In RR activation, transient phosphorylation of a highly conserved aspartic acid residue drives the conformation changes needed for full activation of the protein. Sequence homology reveals that RR02 from Streptococcus pneumoniae belongs to the OmpR subfamily of RRs. The structures of the receiver domains from four members of this family, DrrB and DrrD from Thermotoga maritima, PhoB from Escherichia coli, and PhoP from Bacillus subtilis, have been elucidated. These domains are globally very similar in that they are composed of a doubly wound alpha(5)beta(5); however, they differ remarkably in the fine detail of the beta4-alpha4 and alpha4 regions. The structures presented here reveal a further difference of the geometry in this region. RR02 is has been shown to be the essential RR in the gram-positive bacterium S. pneumoniae R. Lange, C. Wagner, A. de Saizieu, N. Flint, J. Molnos, M. Stieger, P. Caspers, M. Kamber, W. Keck, and K. E. Amrein, Gene 237:223-234, 1999; J. P. Throup, K. K. Koretke, A. P. Bryant, K. A. Ingraham, A. F. Chalker, Y. Ge, A. Marra, N. G. Wallis, J. R. Brown, D. J. Holmes, M. Rosenberg, and M. K. Burnham, Mol. Microbiol. 35:566-576, 2000). RR02 functions as part of a phosphotransfer system that ultimately controls the levels of competence within the bacteria. Here we report the native structure of the receiver domain of RR02 from serotype 4 S. pneumoniae (as well as acetate- and phosphate-bound forms) at different pH levels. Two native structures at 2.3 A, phased by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (xenon SAD), and 1.85 A and a third structure at pH 5.9 revealed the presence of a phosphate ion outside the active site. The fourth structure revealed the presence of an acetate molecule in the active site.
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PMID:Crystal structure of the response regulator 02 receiver domain, the essential YycF two-component system of Streptococcus pneumoniae in both complexed and native states. 1509 May 29

Objective: Our aim is to investigate the impact of childhood ADHD comorbidity on the clinical features of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Ninety-five adult outpatients with a diagnosis of OCD were assessed by using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, ADHD module, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Patients with or without childhood ADHD were compared in terms of the sociodemographic and clinical features, psychiatric comorbidities, and rating scales. Results: The rate of episodic course of OCD (p < .001), religious and sexual obsessions (p = .009, p = .020, respectively), lifetime comorbidity of bipolar disorder (BD), social anxiety disorder (SAD; p = .001, p = .009, respectively), and tic disorder (TD) comorbidity (p < .001) were higher in the OCD + ADHD group than in the OCD without ADHD group. Conclusion: Childhood ADHD may be associated with higher rates of BD, SAD, and TD comorbidity and episodic course of OCD as well as higher frequency of certain types of obsessions.
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PMID:The Features of Comorbidity of Childhood ADHD in Patients With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. 2765 Mar 95

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is frequently associated with mood disorders. However, to date, the co-occurrence of OCD with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has not been investigated. We have aimed to estimate the prevalence of seasonal mood changes in patients with OCD and explore the contribution of seasonality in mood to the severity of OCD. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), the Yale-Brown Obsession and Compulsion Scale (Y-BOCS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 Items (HDRS-17), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to patients with OCD (n=104) and controls (n=125). The degree of seasonality was measured by the Global Seasonality Score (GSS) calculated from the SPAQ. SAD and subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder (S-SAD) were significantly more prevalent in patients with OCD (53%, n=55) than controls (25%, n=31). When patients were assessed in the season in which SAD occurs, depression and compulsions (but not obsessions, OCD or anxiety) were more severe than those assessed in a season during which SAD does not occur. SAD frequently co-occurs with OCD and, given this co-occurrence, depression symptoms in some patients with OCD might be expected to vary on a seasonal basis.
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PMID:Seasonal mood changes in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. 2797 16