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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Viability and health disorders were compared for straightbred Holsteins and crosses between Holsteins, Brown Swiss, Jerseys, and Red Sindhis. In addition, effects of mating systems and effects of various parts of Red Sindhi heredity on these traits were evaluated. Losses before first calving per 100 females born alive were: Holsteins 22; Holstein-sired crosses 20: Brown Swiss-sired crosses 26; daughters of crossbred sires group I (sires had from 1/4 to 1/16 Red Sindhi heredity) 24; and group II (sires were all European breeds) 31. Losses in first-gestation from abortions and stillbirths were: Holsteins 20% and crossbreds 9%. In first lactation, incidence of foot rot and anaplasmosis was higher among Holsteins (13% and 16%) than in crossbreds (5% and 8%) whereas the incidence was less among crosses with Red Sindhi heredity (3% and 2%) than in all European breed crosses (9% and 17%). When progeny produced by criss-crossing to purebred sires were compared with progeny from random mating to crossbred sires, the former had a greater incidence of mastitis (30% versus 19%) and anaplasmosis (11% versus 2%). There was no differences between Holsteins and crossbreds in overall viability. However, there was considerable variation between breeds at the various ages.
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PMID:Performance of Holstein and crossbred dairy cattle in Louisiana. III. Health and viability. 111 38

Studied were the values of 26 linear measurements of the udder in 50 normal cows and in 50 cows affected with subclinical mastitis, the animals used being of the Bulgarian Brown breed. A total of 19 indexes were established for each group.
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PMID:[Morphologic characteristics of the udder in healthy cows and in those with subclinical mastitis]. 112 37

Studied were for subclinical mastitis 3252 cows of the Bulgarian Brown breed, 1409 cows of the Bulgarian Simmenthal breed, 1082 cows of the Bulgarian Red cattle, 341 cows of the Iskar cattle, 1086 cows of the Black and White breed, and 418 buffalo-cows. Established were mathematically dependable variations with regard to the individual sensitivity to subclinical mastitis of the main cattle breeds reared in this country. Highest was the percent of subclinical mastitis in the cows of the Bulgarian Simmenthal breed - 28.22. Bulgarian Brown cows and the cows of the Bulgarian Red breed were equally affected with subclinical mastitis - 25.24 and 25.23 per cent, respectively. In the Iskar and Black and White cattle the values were 12.60 and 12.70 per cent, respectively, i.e., the per cent of subclinical mastitis was more than twice lower as compared with the first three breeds. Buffalo-cows showed high absolute and relative resistance both with regard to subclinical and to clinical mastitis.
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PMID:[Interbreed and interspecies variation in the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes]. 121 11

Studied was the milk productivity (milk yield and butterfat percent) of 255 normal and 255 diseased cows with subclinical mastitis, both groups pertaining to the Bulgarian Brown breed within the region of the Sofia Pedigree Breeding Inspection. All animals were examined at one and the same time during the period of their third lactation, and the milk productivity data obtained referred to the same period. It was established that there were no statistically significant variations between milk productivity data of the healthy cows and those of the cows with subclinical mastitis for a 300 day period. The relative number of cows with subclinical mastitis showing a milk yield of up to 4000 kg was lower as compared with the same number of the negatively reacting cows. On the other hand, cows showed yields of more than 4000 kg milk manifested reverse trends.
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PMID:[Interdependence of milk production and the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in cows]. 123 62

Examined were for subclinical mastitis within the period of the first to tenth lactation 3252 cows of the Bulgarian Brown breed, 1409 cows of the Bulgarian Simmental breed, 1082 cows of the Bulgarian Red breed, 314 cows of the Iskur breed, and 1086 cows of the Black Pied breed. It was established that with advancing in age the frequency of subclinical mastitis occurrence rose. This correlation varied in different breeds. In Iskur cattle the percentage of positively reacting cows in all lactations was more than twice lower than that in the Bulgarian Brown, Simmental, and Red cows. Highest frequency of occurrence as regards the various forms of subclinical mastitis was observed in the first and second month from the beginning of lactation; in later months it was found to drop to a varying extent with the different breeds, and in the ninth and tenth month it again rose. Highest percentage of subclinical mastitis during the first lactation month was established in Bulgarian Brown cows (44%), followed by Bulgarian Simmental cows (36.88%).
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PMID:[Interdependance between age, stage of lactation and occurrence of subclinical mastitis in cows]. 124 26

In totally 3740 cows of the breed German Brown Swiss distributed over 115 herds risk factors for the occurrence of diseases were analysed using a threshold model. Disease data were recorded by ten practitioners in southern Bavaria. The most frequent diseases were fertility disorders, followed by metabolic, udder and calving disorders. The influence of the herds could demonstrated clearly for all diseases analysed. The effect of the lactation number contributed significantly to the frequency of milk fever, mastitis, retained placenta, endometritis/metritis and ovary cysts. Heritability estimates vary between h2 = 0.5% and h2 = 4.2% with exception of anestrus/acyclia (h2 = 8.8%). With higher milk yield of cows the disease frequencies increase, especially fertility diseases. However, increasing herd milk yield is associated with decreasing disease frequencies. A depression of A.I.-parameters and an increase of culling rate caused by diseases could be observed. In the case of the occurrence of uterus- and ovary disorders days open are elongated by 58 days in comparison to cows without diseases. Recording of disease data for use in electronic data processing seems necessary, in order to diminish production diseases by breeding and herd control programmes. An important prerequisite in organization of disease data recording is an efficient cooperation between the veterinary practitioner, farmer, inseminator and the official milk recording organisation.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic and genetic analysis of veterinary data of German Brown cattle]. 177 92

During three years (1982 to 1984) data were collected concerning diseases and reasons for culling in 612 dairy farms with Brown Swiss, Simmental and Black and White cattle. The frequency of culling increases in all three breeds with increasing age, from 20% at the first lactation up to 33% from the 4th lactation on. The main reasons for disposal are insufficient production, reproductive problems or udder diseases. After treatment for reproductive problems, mastitis or acetonemia, the risk for culling within the same lactation period is increased. Reproductive problems (no heat symptoms, repeat breeder, ovarian cysts) and acetonemia increase with increasing milk production in all three breeds. In cows with high 100-day-performance they are also more frequent. The occurrence of acute mastitis shows no general trend with increasing milk production or with high 100-day-performance. No systematic relationship is found between reproductive disorders or acute mastitis and persistency of milk production. On the other hand, acetonemia is somewhat more frequent in cows showing higher persistency.
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PMID:[Diseases and culling of Swiss dairy cows. 2. Culling and relation between diseases and milk production parameters]. 239 49

Growth factors are thought to play a decisive role in the course of inflammatory processes. The aim of the present study was to characterize a potential interrelationship between the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and somatic cell count (SCC) in normal milk, and to investigate the presence of these growth factors in mammary secretions of cows suffering from clinical and subclinical mastitis. Quarter secretions of cows with spontaneous acute clinical mastitis and of cows with subclinical mastitis were analysed radioimmunologically for their concentrations of IGF-1 and bFGF. During two relocation trials with normally lactating Brown Swiss cows, dramatic changes in milk somatic cell count were obtained following a short-term change (5 d) of location and housing system. The animals were relocated from their familiar loose housing system with concrete slatted floor to a separate stanchion barn with long stalls and straw bedding, and vice versa. The concentration profile of IGF-1, but not of bFGF, corresponded well with SCC during the relocation trials, the positive correlation between the characteristics being highly significant, as determined by regression analysis (r = 0.60; P < 0.001). The results provide evidence that significant changes in SCC and growth factor content may be caused by environmental factors other than infection. The concentrations of both IGF-1 and bFGF were greatly elevated in secretions of quarters affected by acute clinical mastitis compared with the corresponding clinically healthy quarters. Subclinically affected quarters with high SCC, as compared with non-affected quarters with low SCC, also had elevated milk IGF-1, but unchanged bFGF. Measuring of growth factor profiles in milk may have value in the near future in monitoring the state of udder health in addition to SCC.
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PMID:Growth factors in milk: interrelationships with somatic cell count. 951 57

Intersucking is a problem that may lead to udder damage, mastitis, milk loss, and culling of breeding animals. To analyse the risk factors for intersucking in dairy heifers in Switzerland, we asked 130 randomly selected dairy farmers about a broad spectrum of environmental factors that might be associated with intersucking (such as housing conditions, management, and the feeding of calves and heifers). In total, 2768 heifers (Swiss Brown Cattle, Simmental and Holstein Friesian) were included of which 303 had ever performed intersucking. Data at the farm level were analysed using path analysis (linear and logistic regression). Two outcome variables were considered: the occurrence of intersucking on the farm and the proportion of intersucking heifers above the cut-off of 7.2%. Farms where calves had no access to barnyard or pasture, where calves were reared in pens in enclosed buildings, where heifers after weaning were not restrained while feeding, where heifers after weaning received <0.5kg concentrate per day, and where heifers after weaning were fed > or =40% maize silage (dry-matter ratio) were most likely to have intersucking heifers.
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PMID:Factors associated with intersucking in Swiss dairy heifers. 1082 68

Intersucking, i.e., cattle sucking the udder of heifers or cows, is a frequent problem in dairy herds and may lead to udder damage, mastitis, milk loss, and culling of breeding animals. Using epidemiological methods, we conducted an observational cross-sectional study to investigate risk factors for intersucking in Swiss dairy cows. We asked 114 randomly selected dairy farmers about a broad spectrum of environmental factors possibly associated with intersucking, such as housing conditions, management, and feeding of calves, heifers, and cows. Thirty of the 114 farms were confronted with intersucking in cows. The mean proportion of intersucking cows per farm was 1.6%. From a total of 3077 cows (Swiss Brown Cattle, Simmental, and Holstein Friesian) we recorded 49 cows that had performed or were currently intersucking. In 69% of these cows, intersucking had been observed as heifers. Using path analysis and multivariable stepwise backward logistic and linear regression analyses, we revealed that the most important risk factor for intersucking cows was the presence of intersucking heifers on a farm (odds ratio = 7.8). The results suggest that intersucking in cows is the continuation of a habit that was already established in a cow's subadult life. This emphasizes the importance of looking not only at the animal's current environmental situation but also considering its entire life history for the prevention of behavioral problems.
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PMID:Is intersucking in dairy cows the continuation of a habit developed in early life? 1121 26


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