Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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This article summarizes the present state of the art and some recommendations for solutions to problems identified by the European Congress on Cobalt and Hard Metal Disease on the basis of the papers and posters presented, as well as a round table discussion which produced several dominant questions and revealed areas of weakness and uncertainty. The round table discussion (chairman, Professor E. Capodaglio) focussed on the following aspects: (i) Monitoring (opinion leaders: R. Lauwerys, E. Sabbioni). (ii) Mechanisms of toxicity (opinion leaders: B. Nemery, N.L. Sprince, G. Scansetti). (iii) Health effects (opinion leaders: G. Nordberg, I.B. Andersen). (iv) Diagnosis/health surveillance (opinion leaders: G. Chiappino, S. Hernberg, S. Brown).
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PMID:The European Congress on Cobalt and Hard Metal Disease. Conclusions, highlights and need of future studies. 793 7

There are 28 subgroups in the Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) ethnic population. They accounted for 12.5 million persons in the year 2002 or 4.4% of the non-institutionalized US population (Reeves&Bennett, 2003). It is a rapidly growing population in the United States, particularly in Southern California. The Korean American population is the fifth largest ethnic group in the heterogeneous AAPI population. Despite their increasing numbers there lacks data regarding the health status and healthcare utilization of the AAPI population. The aim of this study is to characterize the health status and healthcare utilization of an Asian American ethnic group, the Korean Americans. The data are from the 2000 Korean American Health Survey (KAHS). This survey of 1,660 Korean Americans living in Los Angeles County assessed their health status and medical needs and composed the largest sample recruited for a health study on Korean Americans to date. For the study 208 Koreans Americans aged 65 and over were reported. Descriptive statistics were performed to illustrate the health status and needs of the Korean American older persons. Over one-half of the sample, 69% of the Korean American older persons in the study reported a fair or poor health status. This is in stark contrast to a survey conducted by the Commonwealth Fund, which found that 17% of the minorities and 30% of the Korean Americans rated their health as fair or poor (Commonwealth Fund, 2002). With regards to access to healthcare 21% of the Korean American older adults in the sample lacked health insurance and 31% had never visited a medical doctor within the last 12 months for a check up or consultation. It is felt that an individual's chance of being uninsured varies across the life span and that people 65 years and older have a minimal likelihood of being uninsured due to Medicare (IOM, 2001). However when looking at certain subgroups higher percentages of uninsured are revealed. One out of every three Koreans Americans in the US is uninsured compared to 21% of all AAPI and 14% non-Latino whites. In California the proportion is even higher with almost half of all Koreans being uninsured (Brown et al. 2001). This type of discrepancy compounds the "Model Minority Myth" that AAPI population is a successful minority group and do not have barriers to health care (Chen et al. 1995). One study examining health services research status in the AAPI found that Korean Americans were one of the most understudied populations relative to their size (Andersen et al. 1995). Since the AAPI population and subgroups are often not included in health services research this results in "myths" or inaccuracies regarding their health. Studies of AAPI populations are needed to provide information regarding the health of the population, educate health care providers to assist them in the care of ethnic populations and seek interventions to remove health disparities in minority populations.
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PMID:The health and health status of older Korean Americans at the 100-year anniversary of Korean immigration. 1524 98

The driven molecular-dynamics (DMD) method, recently proposed by Bowman, Zhang, and Brown [J. Chem. Phys. 119, 646 (2003)], has been implemented into the TINKER molecular modeling program package. The DMD method yields frequencies and normal modes without evaluation of the Hessian matrix. It employs an external harmonic driving term that can be used to scan the spectrum and determine resonant absorptions. The molecular motions, induced by driving at resonant frequencies, correspond to the normal-mode vibrations. In the current work we apply the method to a 20-residue protein, Trp-cage, that has been reported by Neidigh, Fesinmeyer, and Andersen [Nature Struct. Biol. 9, 425 (2002)]. The structural and dynamical properties of this molecule, such as B-factors, root-mean square fluctuations, anisotropies, vibrational entropy, and cross-correlations coefficients, are calculated using the DMD method. The results are in very good agreement with ones calculated using standard normal-mode analysis method. Thus, the DMD method provides a viable alternative to the standard Hessian-based method and has considerable potential for the study of large systems, where the Hessian-based method is not feasible.
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PMID:Normal mode analysis using the driven molecular dynamics method. II. An application to biological macromolecules. 1536 88