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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Down syndrome (DS) is an autosomal chromosomal anomaly which results from trisomy of all or part of chromosome 21. It is the single most common genetic cause of mental retardation affecting approximately 1 in 700 live births. Since its first description in 1866 by John Langdon Down, much research has focused on this condition. In the past two decades there has been a significant increase in information about its causes, diagnosis and medical and dental consequences. In this, the first of two articles, we pay tribute to the work of Harvey Brown, and we review the pathogenesis, general and cranio-dental features of Down Syndrome. The cause of DS is usually non-dysjunctive trisomy 21, with 91 percent of cases being maternally derived. Uncommon causes are mosaicism or translocation from other chromosomes. DS patients suffer from congenital cardiopathies, growth retardation, endocrinopathies, sleep apnoea, neoplasias and early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Typically, craniofacial features include midfacial hypoplasia with a resultant flattened face, ocular hypotelorism and mandibular prognathism. The universal characteristic of the DS face is the upward slanting of the palpebral fissures and epicanthic folds. Dental features include tooth size reduction, hypodontia, reduced root lengths, changes in tooth shape and excessive tooth wear.
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PMID:The Down syndrome patient in dental practice, part I: Pathogenesis and general and dental features. 1533 Mar 83

Dental data from 22 Swedish brown bears (Ursus arctos) were collected during April and May 2008, during the annual capture of free-ranging brown bears in Dalarna County, Sweden by the Scandinavian Brown Bear Research Project. The bears were of different genders and ages. All animals were weighed and subjected to physical examination and all were found to be in good condition. The oral cavity was inspected and photographed and abnormalities were recorded on a dental chart. One bear had mild class II malocclusion. All yearlings had varying numbers of incompletely erupted permanent teeth. All adult bears were missing one or more premolars. Tooth wear increased with age; the most affected teeth were the incisors followed by the canines, premolars and molars. Complicated fractures most commonly affected the canines. Fifteen animals had gross evidence of enamel defects, but the aetiology of these was not determined. There was a low prevalence of calculus and periodontal disease and none of the bears had caries infections. The mean pH of saliva collected from these animals was 9.75. Further studies, based on a larger sample size followed over time, will be required in order to evaluate the progression of dental disease in brown bears.
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PMID:Dental and periodontal health in free-ranging Swedish brown bears (Ursus arctos). 1953 50