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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is well established that the low density lipoprotein (LDL) pathway functions to maintain a constant concentration of cellular cholesterol, but LDL effects that are unrelated to cholesterol metabolism have not been studied in great detail. In the present investigation we demonstrate that the LDL receptor pathway regulates cellular levels of free arachidonic acid (AA) and hence prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. We used platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated fibroblasts as a model system to investigate mechanism of LDL-dependent PG synthesis. PDGF-stimulated but not quiescent cells formed radiolabelled prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGE2 upon incubation with LDL that had been reconstituted with cholesteryl-(1-14C)-arachidonate (rec-LDL), while fibroblasts from patients that are afflicted with the LDL receptor negative phenotype of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) failed to synthesize significant amounts of PGs. Furthermore cells that had been preincubated with chloroquine or an anti LDL receptor antibody, that prevents binding of LDL to its receptor, did not produce significant amounts of PGs upon incubation with rec-LDL. Moreover incubation of PDGF-stimulated cells with LDL or AA led to a time and concentration-dependent inactivation of PGH synthase, the rate limiting enzyme of PG synthesis. When taken together our results establish a new role of the classical LDL receptor pathway of Brown and Goldstein by demonstrating that LDL provides AA to fibroblasts for eicosanoid formation and that LDL has a profound inhibitory effect on the key enzyme of PG synthesis, the PGH synthase.
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PMID:A new role for the low density lipoprotein receptor. 171 17

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main effector of nonshivering thermogenesis and diet-induced thermogenesis in mammals. Assessment of the magnitude and perturbations of BAT deposits in the intact, living body would be of much relevance for quantitative studies of BAT functions, but such studies have been impossible to date. In this paper it is shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometry can provide the means for accurate, repeated determinations of the volume of BAT deposits in a living animal; moreover, tissue modifications due to acclimation at different ambient temperatures are revealed in vivo by MRI, which correlates with histology and ultrastructure. Furthermore, MRI differentiates areas of BAT responsive to acute adrenergic stimulation, thereby giving information on the thermogenetically active tissue in the intact animal. Therefore, MRI represents a reliable tool for correlative morphological and functional studies of BAT in the living animal.
Anat Rec 1991 Nov
PMID:In vivo morphometry and functional morphology of brown adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging. 176 12

The application of high resolution electron microscopy, computer image processing, and image simulation techniques to the investigation of synthetic nonstoichiometric apatites has provided new details of apatite crystal growth mechanisms. Under certain precipitation conditions, calcium-deficient apatites with distinct octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-apatite intergrowths have been observed. Apatite crystals with unit-cell thick overgrowths of OCP on their surfaces confirmed the stepwise hydrolysis crystal growth mechanism initially proposed by Brown (Nature 196:1048-1050). However, many crystals also contained a central two-dimensional OCP inclusion one to two unit cells thick, embedded in an apatite matrix. Similar planar defects have been observed in dental enamel, dentin, and bone crystals. We have developed a modified version of Brown's stepwise OCP hydrolysis apatite crystal growth mechanism to explain the formation of crystals with OCP central planar defects. The mechanism involves the nucleation of an OCP seed that grows until it reaches a critical size, rh, before OCP hydrolysis occurs. Apatite subsequently grows epitaxially on the OCP seed, thereby embedding it in the center of an apatite crystal. Apatite growth is facilitated by partial screw dislocations emanating from the planar defect.
Anat Rec 1989 Jun
PMID:High resolution electron microscopy of nonstoichiometric apatite crystals. 267 90

A serological study of enzootic bovine leukosis in the Bursa Region of Turkey showed that of 459 cattle (282 Holstein, 127 Brown-Swiss and 50 native Boz breed) 42 (9.15 per cent) were seropositive. The seropositive cattle had higher IgG1 (P < 0.001) and lower IgM (P < 0.01) levels than the seronegative cattle. In addition, the seropositive cattle with persistent lymphocytosis had higher IgG1 levels (P < 0.001), total leucocyte counts (P < 0.001) and lymphocyte counts (P < 0.001), than the cattle in the seropositive group without persistent lymphocytosis and the cattle in the seronegative group. There was a positive correlation (P < 0.05) between the IgG1 levels and the lymphocyte counts of the seropositive cattle with persistent lymphocytosis.
Vet Rec 1995 Jan 14
PMID:Serological and haematological diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle in Turkey. 770 72

Pathological and genetic aspects of spinal muscular atrophy in Red Danish dairy cattle are described. A total of 312 calves suspected of having the condition was reported in the Danish Bovine Genetic Disease Programme, 162 of them were examined post mortem and spinal muscular atrophy was diagnosed in 82 of these. Seventy-five per cent of the affected calves had bronchopneumonia. The diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy was based on histopathological examinations of the spinal cord and musculature. The lesions were primarily characterised by degeneration of the spinal cord motor neurons with neuronophagia and denervation muscular atrophy. The ages of the affected calves varied from those recumbent from birth to a 21-week-old calf. All the necropsied cases appeared in a clearly familial pattern and could be traced back to American Brown Swiss bulls.
Vet Rec 1994 Mar 05
PMID:Spinal muscular atrophy in calves of the Red Danish dairy breed. 819 80

A one-week-old Brown Swiss calf had fractures of the metaphyseal regions of the left femur and right tibia, and a generalised, severe derangement of osteogenesis. Alternating zones of sclerosis and radiolucency in the metaphysis of all the long bones was visible radiographically. A histopathological examination revealed a segmental disruption of trabecular modelling, with subsequent fracture. Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody for bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus revealed abundant viral antigen in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus and thyroid gland. Intestinal tissue was positive on fluorescent antibody testing for the virus. The lesions indicate that transplacental infection with BVD virus can result in severe skeletal abnormalities and fractures.
Vet Rec 1993 Apr 10
PMID:Femoral and tibial fractures in a newborn calf after transplacental infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. 838 13

A carpus valgus deformity was diagnosed in a five-week-old Brown Swiss calf. The 45 degrees deformity was caused by the malaligned healing of a fracture of the left metacarpus after birth trauma. The deviation improved to 25 degrees after being treated with a semicircular lateral periosteotomy above the distal physis of the radius. A complete correction was made by means of a wedge osteotomy five months after the first treatment. A 20 degrees wedge of bone was removed. The metacarpus was stabilised with a seven-hole dynamic compression plate which was removed 12 weeks later. Thirty months later the calf was sold as a pregnant heifer at an auction of breeding cattle.
Vet Rec 1995 Sep 02
PMID:Angular limb deformity in a calf treated by periosteotomy and wedge osteotomy. 853 16

A four months pregnant, four-year-old Brown Swiss cow with mandibular fractures of the right horizontal ramus and the symphysis was treated surgically with a new pinless external fixator. Healing was complicated by the sequestration of bone at the fracture site. After the sequestrum had been removed a radiographic examination revealed that the fracture had healed completely.
Vet Rec 1997 Mar 01
PMID:Stabilisation of a mandibular fracture in a cow by means of a pinless external fixator. 907 18

The agriculture minister, Mr. Nick Brown, announced on March 26 that the government has decided to abandon quarantine for dogs and cats entering the UK from rabies-free islands and certain European countries and replace it with a system based on identification, certification, vaccination and blood testing. The BVA's current position on rabies and quarantine is given here.
Vet Rec 1999 Apr 10
PMID:Rabies, quarantine and the veterinary profession: the BVA's position. 1033 Dec 26

A large number of compounds are toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and/or carcinogenic. The genotoxicity of four textile dyes commonly used in India namely Sulphur Red Brown 360 (SRB), Jade Green 2G (JG), Reactofix Turquoise Blue 5GFL (RTB) and Direct Scarlet 4BS (DS) was determined by Bacillus subtilis spore Rec assay, both in the presence and absence of metabolizing activation mixture (S9 mix). Each dye was toxic at higher dose levels. A dose-dependent increase in the depth of growth inhibition zones was observed for all dyes. Zones of inhibition were usually clearer at higher doses of the dyes and with Rec- bacteria, but were translucent with Rec+ bacteria. SRB and DS were toxic to Rec+ and Rec- bacteria. JG was less genotoxic in the absence of S9 mix, however, its genotoxic potential increased in the presence of S9 mix. Reactofix T blue was more genotoxic in the absence of S9 mixture.
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PMID:Rec effect of certain textile dyes in Bacillus subtilis. 1070 66


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