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Query: UMLS:C0154059 (Esophagus)
 2,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and esophageal symptoms (group 1) and 10 control subjects were studied. Esophageal electromanometry using the intermittent pull-through technique and catheter perfusion with distilled water were performed in all patients and individuals. The variables studied were pressure amplitude in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (mmHg) and deglutition wave amplitude (mmHg at 5, 10 and 15 cm above LES). In PSS patients, the average LES pressure was 18.5 +/- 4.6 mmHg, and in control subjects it was 27 +/- 6.5 mmHg (p < 0.01). Deglutition wave amplitude at 5, 10 and 15 cm above LES was 13.2 +/- 7.5 mmHg, 12 +/- 3.7 mmHg and 15 +/- 3.3 mmHg, respectively, in PSS patients. In control subjects, it was 67.6 +/- 12.5 mmHg, 58.6 +/- 20.9 mmHg and 52.4 +/- 21.4 mmHg (p < 0.001). In PSS patients, the pressure amplitude in LES and in the body of the esophagus was lower than in control subjects. In PSS patients, esophageal manometry showed the absence of normal peristalsis.
Dis Esophagus 1999
PMID:Esophageal motor disturbances in progressive systemic sclerosis. 1094 62

The Bilitec probe, which uses bilirubin as a marker for the detection of duodeno-oesophageal reflux, is subject to interference from strongly coloured foods, which can cause erroneously high bilirubin absorbance readings. To overcome this problem it is necessary to ingest a diet that is free from such substances. We tested the bilirubin absorbance of 32 different food substances in an in vitro environment, including many of the foods that are currently recommended for consumption during Bilitec studies. 'Dry' foods were blended with water, 'non-dry' solid foods were blended undiluted, and breakfast cereals were blended with milk. Blended mixtures were then tested for bilirubin absorption either undiluted or after mixing with hydrochloric acid. The 'absorbance' of weakly coloured foods was usually less than the commonly accepted threshold of 0.14, and the 'absorbance' of strongly coloured foods was usually above this. The 'absorbance' of three substances was higher in an acid environment. Three of the currently recommended foods had a sufficiently high 'absorbance' to interfere with readings in the clinical situation. Of the 32 substances tested, only 13 are suitable when the 'absorbance' threshold is set at 0.14. This number can be increased to 19 if the threshold is increased to 0.20. From the foods evaluated, enough are suitable at the 0.14 threshold to enable a suitable diet to be constructed for most patients. Furthermore, many potentially acceptable foods remain untested. Clarification of appropriate food substances will help patients to be aware which foods are safe to eat, so that food interference can be prevented during Bilitec studies.
Dis Esophagus 1999
PMID:Dietary interference with the use of Bilitec to assess bile reflux. 1094 64

Surgically induced duodenal reflux results in cancer development in the rat esophagus. One proposed mechanism of carcinogenesis relies on the production of carcinogens in the presence of bacterial overgrowth. Against this background, intestinal microflora in the rat jejunum was analyzed before and after reflux-inducing surgery. Total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats to produce esophageal reflux of duodenal juice (n = 12). Three days before surgery they were randomized into three groups: animals which received tap water; animals which received acidified water at pH 1.8; and animals subjected to oral decontamination with triple antibiotics. During surgery and at autopsy after 2 weeks, intestinal juice was aspirated and analyzed immediately for bacterial content. The physiologic microflora of the rat jejunum contained Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp., both of which were resistant to the antibiotic regimen. Bacterial overgrowth with fecal bacteria was found following surgery. Acidified water did not alter the intestinal microflora. Triple antibiotics eliminated Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. and reduced the concentration of Enterococcus spp. Bacterial overgrowth by bacteria of the fecal flora occurs in the rat model of esophageal adenocarcinoma with the potential to catalyze the production of carcinogens.
Dis Esophagus 2000
PMID:Evaluation of the intestinal microflora in the rat model for esophageal adenocarcinoma. 1100 30

The aim of this research was to determine the occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in Wistar rats. DEN was administered (250-300 g) in drinking water (10 mg/kg body weight) to four groups of rats for 72 h/week, for a duration of 90, 120, 150, or 200 days (groups T90, T120, T150, and T200). Ten animals whose drinking water did not contain DEN constituted the control group. All rats were sacrificed and their esophaguses studied macro- and microscopically. The control group did not exhibit either carcinomas or preneoplasic lesions. The T120 and T200 groups presented, respectively, 47 and 58 in situ carcinomas; 1 and 20 submucosal carcinomas (P < 0.05); 4 and 17 microinvasive carcinomas (P < 0.05); 4 and 11 advanced carcinomas (P < 0.05); and 1 and 1 cases of benign hyperplasia. Pulmonary and liver carcinomas were also found in the T200 group. The majority of advanced macroscopic lesions in the T200 group were polypoid, exophytic, and not microscopically invasive in the esophageal wall. This research confirms the effectiveness of the DEN in bringing about carcinogenesis in the Wistar rat esophagus and also shows that the lesions are dosage dependent.
Dis Esophagus 2002
PMID:Experimental esophageal carcinogenesis: technical standardization and results. 1247 71

In this article we analyze our experience of surgical treatment of hiatal hernia, complicated with gastroesophageal reflux. We operated 134 patients with hernia hiatus esophagi, complicated with gastroesophageal reflux, from 03.1998 till 10.2001. One hundred twenty-six Nissen and 8 Toupet laparoscopic gastrofundoplications were performed. We evaluated clinical signs of gastroesophageal reflux, performed endoscopy and esophageal biopsy with histological examination and stomach X-ray examination with barium meal before the operation. Esophagus and stomach X-ray examination with water contrast on the first day after operation were performed in order to evaluate the position and function of created wrap. We also analyzed intraoperative and postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up (12 months) was obtained by using a structured questionnaire. We evaluated heartburn, dysphagia, regurgitation and patient's satisfaction of surgery. RESULTS. Postoperative complications rate was 8.96%. Eighty-two percent of our patients completed our questionnaire. Ninety-one percent of patients had no heartburn signs, 95.5% any signs of regurgitation. Eighty-three percent of our patients were satisfied with our performed laparoscopic gastrofundoplication. We performed 6 refundoplications, when gastroesophageal reflux clinical signs renewed shortly after operation. CONCLUSIONS. Laparoscopic gastrofundoplication is a safe and effective treatment of hernia hiatus esophagi, complicated with gastroesophageal reflux. Operation success was about 90% in our study. Recurrences are more frequent in elderly patients or those with long disease anamnesis. Refundoplications can be successfully done laparoscopicaly as well.
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PMID:[Hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux: possibilities and results of surgical treatment]. 1255 61

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results and to observe endoscopically the distal esophagus in a series of chagasic adults with incipient megaesophagus and normal endoscopic aspect of the mucosa, who underwent forced hydrostatic dilatation of the cardia, 48 h after the procedure. Twenty patients were submitted to a careful specific pattern of forced dilatation, changing forceful and rapid standardized injection of water to slow distension of the balloon until the patient felt pain. The procedure was repeated three times with the same volume and was maintained each time for 5 min, with intervals of about 3 min. The dysphagia was practically immediately controlled and there were no severe complications or mortality in the series. Five patients complained of pyrosis, mild in two of them. The endoscopic examination revealed mucosal edema in 11 patients (55%), hyperemia in nine (45%) and superficial fissures of the mucosa in six (30%), with seven patients (35%) presenting all the signs simultaneously. These observations characterize 'traumatic esophagitis' due to forced dilatation of the cardia as being frequently asymptomatic. Extreme care with the method can produce effective dilatation of the cardia, avoiding severe complications but not some degree of mucosal injuries.
Dis Esophagus 2000
PMID:Esophageal endoscopic aspects after forceful dilation of the gastric cardia in patients with achalasia of Chagas' disease. 1460 97

Endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) leads to structural and motility changes in the esophagus; the former are thought to be commoner after EST with absolute alcohol (AA), which is a commonly used sclerosant in India as it is cheap and effective. There are no previous studies on changes in esophageal motility after EST with AA. Accordingly, we studied patients with portal hypertension before (n = 24) and after (n = 22) variceal obliteration by EST with AA using a water perfusion esophageal manometry system. Contraction amplitude in the distal esophagus was reduced in the post-EST group compared with the pre-EST group (63.4 +/- 24.9 vs. 18.2 +/- 14.3 mmHg, p < 0.01). Duration of esophageal contraction in both the proximal and distal esophagus became prolonged in the post-EST compared with the pre-EST group (3.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 5.4 +/- 2.6 and 4.3 +/- 1.1 vs. 6.6 +/- 2.3 s, p < 0.001 for both). Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was reduced in the post-EST compared with the pre-EST group, although the difference was not significant statistically. Abnormal contraction waveforms were more frequent in the post-EST group. One patient in the post-EST group had persistent dysphagia in the absence of endoscopically documented stricture at the time of manometric study. This study shows frequent occurrence of esophageal dysmotility after EST with AA; however, esophageal dysmotility after EST was infrequently associated with motor dysphagia.
Dis Esophagus 2000
PMID:Esophageal motility changes after endoscopic intravariceal sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol. 1460 7

The present study explores the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on esophageal motility in a feline model with esophagitis. Perfusion of the esophagus with acid produced inflammatory changes of esophageal mucosa. The esophageal motility was measured before and after the perfusion. One group of cats was given nitric oxide inhibitor orally at the same time as the perfusion of acid. The control group was given water instead. Esophagitis impairs the motility of the esophagus. However, the esophageal motility of the cats that were given nitric oxide synthase inhibitor decreased less than that of the control group. The results suggested that during esophagitis there is an alteration of the nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway in the esophagus, which may be one of the important mechanisms of esophageal motility dysfunction.
Dis Esophagus 2003
PMID:Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor to esophagus in a feline esophagitis model. 1464 Dec 95

Pill-induced esophagitis is a complication seen in patients who use certain medications such as tetracycline and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this short report, we described five cases of doxycycline-induced esophagitis with endoscopic images. All of the patients were young or middle-aged women. Dysphagia or odynophagia with retrosternal pain were the main presenting symptoms in all cases. The observed injuries were at the middle third of esophagus with a normal surrounding mucosa. All patients had a history of swallowing the capsule with a small amount of water or in a recumbent position. Two patients with dysphagia were managed by intravenous fluid support and parenteral acid suppression. The symptoms were improved in 2-7 days after the ceasing of the drug and control endoscopies were completely normal in all cases after 3-4 weeks of admission. The drug-induced esophagitis is not rare with certain drugs and should be suspected in all patients presenting with chest pain and dysphagia. Physicians must warn the patients to take the pills and capsules with enough liquid and in the upright position.
Dis Esophagus 2004
PMID:Doxycycline-induced pill esophagitis. 1523 Jul 33

How best to surgically treat GERD is an unresolved issue. To increase our insights into the fundoplication procedures, functional consequences for the gastroesophageal junction of an anterior or a posterior partial fundoplication were studied by manometry. Patients were randomly selected from a larger study in a randomised comparison between posterior and anterior partial fundoplications. The manometric studies were done 12 months after respective procedures in 24 patients. The motor characteristics of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function were determined by use of sleeve catheter manometry. The manometric characteristics of the esophageal body were similar in the study groups except for the ramp pressure. This was significantly higher in patients with posterior partial fundoplications. The posterior group had significantly longer total length (P < 0.02) as well as longer intra-abdominal portions (P = 0.07) of the LES while the basal tone, albeit numerically higher, did not reach statistical significance. Water-swallow induced LES relaxations reached lower nadir values in the anterior group (1.7 vs 2.7 mmHg). Gas distension triggered few transient LES relaxations in both study groups while common cavities were more frequently observed in those having an anterior partial wrap (P < 0.01). A posterior partial fundoplication is followed by manometric characteristics suggesting a well functioning antireflux barrier with some obstruction to bolus passage as well as restricted venting of air from the stomach. The manometric mechanisms behind the inferior reflux control achieved by a Watson type of anterior partial wrap has now been further elucidated.
Dis Esophagus 2005
PMID:Manometric characteristics of the gastroesophageal junction after anterior versus posterior partial fundoplication. 1577 39


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