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Query: UMLS:C0154059 (Esophagus)
 2,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Small-bowel leiomyoma is a rare tumour. The authors report a case complicated by severe bleeding. Esophagus-gastro-duodenal endoscopy was not decisive enough, while TC was the most reliable instrumental investigation. Because of dimensions basic than 10 cm, the presence of a pseudocapsule end the absence of cariokinetic figures, the histopathologic test supports the hypothesis that it was a benign disease. One year follow-up, negative for relapse, confirm that the lesion is benign.
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PMID:[Massive intestinal hemorrhage caused by leiomyoma of the jejunum. Report of a case]. 797 66

The opportunity of having successfully treated a patient with intrathoracic perforation of the Oesophagus and many surgical complications, led us to review the literature on the subject. We then discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the various technical options, concluding that immediate Oesophagectomy is the best solution for this type of perforation, with several hours of evolution and serious mediastinite, to reduce surgical complications and mortality.
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PMID:[Esophageal perforations]. 804 58

Accurate dose calculations in lung are important to assess lung and tumour dose in various radiotherapy cancer patients. Those patients of particular relevance are Ca lung and Ca Oesophagus patients because large volumes of lung are irradiated to high doses. In this paper, dosimetry results for megavoltage X-ray beams obtained in a lung phantom are compared with dose computations produced by (1) effective path length, (2) equivalent tissue-air ratio, (3) super-position/convolution and (4) Monte Carlo dose calculation methods. The mid-lung dose error at 10 MV for a 5 x 5 cm field is 10.0%, 6.7%, 1.9% and 0.6% respectively. Tests at the lower energy of 6 MV with a field size of 10 x 10 cm show a mid-lung error of only 2.0% for the equivalent tissue air ratio method. At this energy it appears that central axis dose voids are sufficiently small to enable the routine use of the equivalent tissue air ratio method. At the higher energies tested, 10 and 18 MV, this method is accurate. Superposition and Monte Carlo methods are presented which show good agreement with experimental results in a lung phantom even in regions of lateral electron disequilibrium.
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PMID:Radiotherapy X-ray beam inhomogeneity corrections: the problem of lateral electronic disequilibrium in lung. 812 87

Ambulatory simultaneous recording of oesophageal pressures and pH is a recently developed technique for evaluation of oesophageal function. The paper describes the experience gained with this technique at the Oesophagus Laboratory, department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery T, Odense University Hospital. A combined pH and pressure probe is positioned in the oesophagus and connected to a portable recorder. Data are digitised on-line and stored for later transfer to a computer. Analysis of pH-variations and contractile activity is performed automatically. Sections with normal and abnormal acid clearing are shown. A normal pressure response to reflux consists of frequent contractions of normal amplitude and propagation resulting in a stepwise clearing of acid from the oesophagus. Repetitive simultaneous contractions and periods of failed peristalsis are illustrated in sections from a patient with oesophagitis. Contractions of high amplitude and prolonged duration, as well as frequent non-propagating contractions in the distal oesophagus, are elements of a normal peristaltic pattern. The conventional manometric investigation performed under laboratory conditions still has first priority when esophageal dysmotility is suspected. In several instances, however, ambulatory recording of motility and pH may add valuable additional information.
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PMID:[Ambulatory continuous recording of pH and pressure in the esophagus]. 831

Oral cavity. Most carcinomas in situ of the oral cavity present as red or pink lesions that do not have a keratinized surface. Scrapings of such lesions readily disclose abnormal squamous cells diagnostic of cancer. Scrapings of the keratinized white lesions (so-called leukoplakia) are of no diagnostic value. Dentists, who are most likely to uncover precancerous lesions, are apparently not aware of the diagnostic options based on simple scrape smears. The method is also applicable to follow-up of patients with treated cancer of the oral cavity. Esophagus. Cytologic evaluation of esophageal cancer, initially by washings and subsequently by brushings under endoscopic control, is an established method of diagnosis. The diagnostic results are very good in symptomatic cancer patients and have an accuracy reaching 85-90%. Unfortunately the results of treatment of advanced lesions are very poor, with 5-year survival of only about 5%. Serious efforts at detection of early esophageal cancer started in China in the 1960s, using an abrasive balloon technique which was applied to asymptomatic populations in high risk areas such as Linxian in the Henan province of Central China. The Chinese investigators reported the finding of numerous precancerous lesions of the esophagus classified as carcinoma in situ and as dysplasia. Surgical resection of some of the precursor lesions apparently resulted in a significant drop in the rate of invasive carcinoma, although the statistical results were not convincingly presented. The balloon technique has been tested by us and by others in South Africa and in Transkei, confirming its efficacy in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer. Peripheral lung. Sputum and bronchial brush cytology may uncover bronchogenic carcinoma in situ and early invasive cancers located in the primary or secondary bronchi. Small, peripheral lung lesions usually do not shed cells in sputum or brushings, and their discovery is usually based on roentgenologic finding. The identity of such lesions can be confirmed in most cases by a transcutaneous aspiration. Most of the peripheral malignant lesions are small adenocarcinomas or epidermoid carcinomas, both resectable by routine surgical procedures. Less commonly, oat cell carcinomas may be observed and these lesions should not be treated by surgery. Benign lesions such as granulomatous inflammation and fungal infections may also be identified by aspiration techniques. The prognosis of the resectable carcinomas varies with their size and the presence or absence of regional lymph node metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cytologic diagnosis of oral, esophageal, and peripheral lung cancer. 841 10

1. The guinea-pig trachea was isolated with its extrinsic innervation intact and placed in a water-jacketed dissecting dish containing warmed, oxygenated Krebs solution. The trachea was not separated from the oesophagus. Two adjacent cartilage rings of the rostral portion of the trachea were cut open opposite the trachealis and prepared for isometric tension measurements. 2. Following the addition of atropine and contraction of the trachealis with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunks elicited relaxations that were abolished by propranolol or hexamethonium. Stimulation of the vagus nerves caudal to the nodose ganglia also elicited relaxations. These vagally mediated relaxations were unaffected by propranolol but were abolished by hexamethonium or by cutting the recurrent laryngeal nerves. 3. After cutting the vagi caudal to the nodose ganglia, stimulation of the vagi rostral to the nodose ganglia elicited relaxations of the trachealis that were not significantly affected by either propranolol or hexamethonium but were abolished by cutting the superior laryngeal nerves. Stimulation of right vagi which had undergone supranodose vagotomy 14 days prior to experimentation was without effect on the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig trachea while the response to stimulation of the left vagus was unchanged. 4. Acute capsaicin desensitization abolished relaxations of the guinea-pig trachealis elicited by stimulation of the vagal fibres carried by the superior laryngeal nerves. In contrast, capsaicin desensitization only modestly inhibited relaxations elicited by stimulation of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibres carried by the recurrent laryngeal nerves and had no effect on sympathetic nerve-induced relaxations. 5. Removing the oesophagus selectively abolished relaxations elicited by stimulation of both vagal pathways of non-adrenergic relaxant innervation. Non-adrenergic relaxations of the trachealis elicited by electrical field stimulation were unaffected by removing the oesophagus. Oesophagus removal also had no effect on the parasympathetic-cholinergic contractile innervation or the sympathetic relaxant innervation of the trachealis. 6. The results indicate that the guinea-pig trachealis receives non-adrenergic relaxant innervation from both parasympathetic and capsaicin-sensitive vagal pathways. The results also suggest that the neurones mediating non-adrenergic relaxations of the trachea are sensitive to oesophagus removal. The observation that oesophagus removal abolishes parasympathetic relaxations of the trachealis while having no effect on parasympathetic contractions supports the hypothesis that the guinea-pig trachealis receives excitatory and inhibitory innervation from distinct vagal parasympathetic pathways.
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PMID:Relaxant innervation of the guinea-pig trachealis: demonstration of capsaicin-sensitive and -insensitive vagal pathways. 848 16

A case of rare thymic squamous cell carcinoma was reported. A 46-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Chest CT showed anterior mediastinal tumor and histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made by needle biopsy under CT guide. Esophagus and lung were no abnormal findings, we thought the primary region was thymus. On mid-sternotomy, anterior mediastinal tumor was resected with thymus, right phrenic nerve and pericardium, however it was not direct invasion to heart, great vessels, lung and chest wall. Resection of peripheral fatty tissue and dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes as much as possible, it was not capsular invasion and mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis and complete curative resection was able to perform. Additional radiation therapy was done, post-operative course was uneventful.
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PMID:[A case of thymic squamous cell carcinoma successfully treated with curative resection]. 853 98

From last years eighty's decade the number of women with HIV infection have significantly increased. To know the epidemiological and clinic trades in this group we studied retrospectively 476 HIV infected patients attending in a General Hospital from January 1986 to June 1993. Seventy nine (16.5%) were female and 397 male. The mean female group was 25.8 years, 61.9% were IVDUs and 30.4% heterosexual transmission. This last transmission route was more important between females than males (5%) (p < 0.001) and in 1992 the 55% of women been infected by this way. The mean CD4 count was 643 cel/ml in the female group at the diagnostic time and 21.7% developed antigenaemia without difference with the male group. 59.7% of women were no symptoms at the diagnosis time and 14.3% were AIDS, no differences with men, but more in the female group developed AIDS along following time 39.5% in front of 24.7% in the male group (p < 0.05). Disseminated Tuberculosis (DTB) (29.1%) and Wasting Syndrome (WS) (29.1%) were the more frecuent AIDS defining conditions in the female group. The more frecuent complications were: Oropharynx Candidiasis 39.1%, Esophagus Candidiasis 6.3%, WS 11%, DTB 12.65%, PCP 10.12% and Neoplasias 5.06%. Fourteen women became pregnant during HIV infection, no clinical nor immunological differences were observed in this group with the control. The treatment (66%) and following (46.8%), compliance was better between women than men. The rise of women with HIV infection, the poor development in this group described by some authors, so far gynecological aspect and vertical transmission makes HIV infection in women an major health problem.
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PMID:[Human immunodeficiency virus infection in women]. 867 99

Two hundred eleven cases, 27.1%, of multiple primary cancers of esophagus and other organs were found in 778 cases of esophageal cancers which were treated in our institution. Among them, double cancer accounted for 92.9%, triple cancer accounted for 6.6% and quadruple cancer for 0.5%. As for the other organ of esophageal double cancer. 59.9% of them were head and neck, 25.1% were stomach, 4.9% were colon and rectum, and remaining included liver, breast, lymphoma lung kidney etc. Head and neck cancers consisted with hypopharynx, tongue, larynx, oral floor and gingiva regarding incidence in its order. For discovering of double cancer in esophagus and other organs, 1. head and neck, stomach, colon and rectum, lung, liver etc. should be investigated preoperatively in the patients of esophageal cancer, 2. Esophagus should be examined preoperatively in the patients of these cancers, 3. Screening of esophageal cancer should be performed in the patients of high risks of esophageal cancer. As for the multiple primary cancer of esophagus and other organs, the balance of treatment should be considered to take the priority of the cancer limiting the prognosis.
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PMID:[Esophageal cancer and multiple primary cancer]. 902 Sep 38


Dis Esophagus 1997 Jan
PMID:Gastric pathology as an initiator and potentiator of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 907 66


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