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Query: UMLS:C0154059 (Esophagus)
 2,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report presents a case where an open safety pin passed through the Esophagus and where Nature herself finally solved the problem by closing the pin, which was afterwards carried in the faecal stream and discharged from the body without any harm to the patient.
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PMID:Peristaltic closure of a safety pin--an unusual fate of a safety pin seen as a foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract. 395 82

We encountered a case of brain metastasis from asymptomatic esophageal cancer. A 50-year-old man presented with right hemiparesis and bilateral choked discs. The brain CT scan demonstrated ring-like, enhanced tumor with perifocal edema in the left parietal lobe. The chest X-ray showed no abnormalities. The histology of the brain tumor that was totally removed after irradiation, showed a poorly differentiated squamous cancer. By the following study, an esophageal cancer of Borrman II type and 8 cm in length at the middle third segment detected. The histology of biopsy specimen showed findings similar to those of the brain tumor. He was not operated on, and received irradiation and chemotherapy. The esophageal carcinoma was reduced markedly, then he fully recovered in social life taking maintenance therapy for cancer. Seven cases of metastatic brain tumor from esophagus have been reported in literature. Esophagus carcinomas with brain metastasis were situated at the lower third in 6 cases with the exception of one without description, although esophageal carcinomas in general most frequently occur in the middle third. In any of the cases so far reported, no lung tumor was demonstrated by the chest X-ray, so the route of metastasis via vertebral vein system as proposed by Batson (1940) may explain the fact.
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PMID:[Intracerebral metastasis of esophageal carcinoma--a case report and review of literature]. 404 11

The esophagus of the flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, was studied to determine how salinity of ingested seawater (SW) is decreased before fluid absorption in the intestine. Drinking rate was 2.5 ml X h-1 X kg-1. Stomach fluid osmolality was 45% that of seawater, and intestinal fluid was isosmotic to plasma. Esophagus and stomach were nearly impermeable to 28Mg; thus Mg concentrations were accurate indicators of fluid addition and NaCl removal between pharynx and stomach. Measurements of water and ion fluxes across isolated esophageal epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed by Ringer solution showed that the tritiated water flux was lower in esophagus than in intestine and that 22Na flux ratio was 1.4 (Jm leads to s/Js leads to m) regardless of acclimation medium (100 or 10% SW). Potential difference was zero, and electrical resistance averaged 90 omega X cm2. Mucosal-to-serosal Na transport was inhibited by 0.1 mM amiloride, 0.1 mM ouabain, and Cl-free medium, whereas 1.0 mM furosemide had no effect. Net esophageal Na absorption (mucosal-to-serosal) averaged 10.0 mumol X h-1 X cm-2 with mucosa exposed to SW and was inhibited 46% by 0.1 mM ouabain. Taken together the above observations suggest a role for both passive and active esophageal Na transport in SW desalination.
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PMID:Esophageal desalination of seawater in flounder: role of active sodium transport. 666 Mar 33

The authors reported seven cases of megaesophagus by achalasia in children treated by transabdominal esophagomyotomy. There were five girls and two boys. Nor infantile neither familial forms were seen. Five children were cured clinically and radiologically at the third post operative month. Two failures were successfully treated by Thal's procedure. We concluded: (1) Infantile achalasia is not rare in recent literature; recurrent respiratory troubles and familial forms are frequent; prognosis is serious in this age groups. (2) Esophagus's width divided by thoracic vertebral corpus's height is a more objective criteria to appreciate megaesophagus's importance than esophagus's width alone. (3) Endoscopic biopsy is inadequate to detect tracheo bronchial remnants. (4) Appropriate treatment in children is surgical esophagomyotomy with fundoplication.
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PMID:[Megaesophagus by achalasia in children (seven cases) (author's transl)]. 707 22

Oesophagus speakers cannot raise their voices. This seems to be the biggest trouble in daily life for them. Therefore, a handy amplifier has been produced by way of trial experiment to alleviate their trouble. This instrument is made up of a microphone, amplifier and speaker. The amplifier and speaker is put in a compact box 10.0 x 6.7 x 2.8 cm. The microphone is put in a cigarette holder and connected to the amplifier by a thin cord 30 cm long. When the sound is uttered whilst touching the holder with the lips it is heard through the speaker via the amplifier in the chest pocket of the coat. This instrument is recommended by many oesophagus speakers.
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PMID:Trial production of the handy amplifier for oesophagus speech. 718 54

Esophagus from adult male CDF rats was cultured for a period of 28 d in CMRL-1066 medium supplemented with pyruvic acid, HEPES buffer, beta-retinyl acetate, and antibiotics. Morphological, radioautographic, and biochemical studies indicated that the survival of the tissue in serum-free medium was equivalent to that in medium containing 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. There was a relatively constant uptake of [3H]thymidine into DNA and [3H]leucine into protein of the esophageal explants during the incubation. Only the basal cells of the epithelium incorporated [3H]thymidine into their nuclei. The normal morphology of the tissue was preserved when the explants were maintained at both 37 and 30 degrees C, and in either 50 or 20 % 02. Ninety-five percent O2 was highly toxic to the cells of the explants. This culture system should be suitable for a variety of investigations in esophageal cell differentiation and carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Explant culture of rat esophagus in a chemically defined medium. 732 97

The traumatic mediastinal emphysema occurs along with severe combined injuries. A typical feature is the subcutaneous emphysema as well as crackling sounds and frequently a pneumothorax. The radiography of the chest shows air in the mediastinum surrounding the mediastinal structures. The pleura drainage could be done as an emergency performance in cases of pneumothorax. In cases of an increasing subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema as well as circulatory failure a cervical mediastinotomy should be carried out. The tracheobronchial tree should be examined bronchoscopically for possible ruptures. Esophagus injuries will be detected by the distribution of a contrast fluid. Even a thoracotomy may be necessary.
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PMID:Traumatic mediastinal emphysema. 744 55

For improved local control or palliation of oesophageal cancers, Intra-luminal brachytherapy (ILB) has emerged as an increasingly popular treatment modality of therapy in recent years. In combination with external radiotherapy, afterloaded ILB can increase local control rates and may prolong survival of these patients. In this paper two techniques of ILB viz., manual and low dose-rate remote after loading methods, using Caesium-137 tubes and pellets respectively, are described in detail. On comparison of these two techniques it was found that both of them were similar with respect to their physical characteristics (dose rate, dose fall-off, maximum spinal cord dose, total reference air kerma, etc.). Clinically, the manual afterloaded ILB technique was found to be easier to use when compared with the low-dose rate remote afterloader. In addition, the number of patients with uterine cancers being high in a developing country, it was found that it was inappropriate to use the low dose remote afterloaders, designed for use in gynaecological cancers, for ILB of oesophageal cancers. Therefore, in the absence of high dose rate afterloaders, which can be utilized for intracavitary treatments of both uterine and oesophageal malignancies effectively, the manual after-loading ILB system as described in this paper could be a practical alternative. Cancer Oesophagus, Intraluminal radiotherapy technique.
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PMID:Intraluminal brachytherapy in carcinoma of the oesophagus: comparison of afterloading techniques. 751 44

We report of a case of spontaneous rupture of the Oesophagus (Boerhaave's-Syndrome) from a 56 year old female alcoholic, who was soon operatively treated. First the patient was explored by a left thoracotomy, the rupture was sutured from abdominal and butressed with the gastric fundus and a feeding jejunostomy was established. Because of postoperatively complications the patient was treated with haemofiltration. The way was prolongated because of severe obstructive airway disease, the patient left intensive care after 22 days.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects and therapy of Boerhaave syndrome]. 760 92

1. The guinea-pig trachea was isolated with its extrinsic innervation intact and pinned to the bottom of a water-jacketed dissecting dish filled with warmed, oxygenated Krebs solution. The trachea was not separated from the oesophagus. Isometric tension was measured in a segment of the rostral portion of the trachea. 2. Stimulation of the vagus nerves caudal to the nodose ganglia elicited contractions of the trachealis that were blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine. Following addition of atropine and contraction of the trachealis with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), vagus nerve stimulation elicited non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic relaxations. Both responses elicited by stimulation of the vagi were abolished by cutting the recurrent laryngeal nerves and were considered parasympathetic in nature as they were sensitive to the autonomic ganglion blockers trimetaphan and hexamethonium. 3. Experiments were designed in which ganglionic blockers were added to the buffer bathing the entire preparation or, alternatively, added only to the buffer perfusing the tracheal lumen. When given equal access to the trachea and oesophagus, hexamethonium was 56-fold more potent an inhibitor of vagally mediated relaxations of the trachealis than vagally mediated contractions. Selective administration of hexamethonium to the buffer perfusing the tracheal lumen did not decrease the potency of the ganglionic blocker versus vagally mediated contractions. By contrast, even at a concentration of 1 mM, intratracheally administered hexamethonium failed to inhibit vagally mediated relaxations by 50%. Comparable results were obtained using trimetaphan. 4. Consistent with previous observations, removing the portion of the oesophagus contiguous with the region of the trachea at which isometric tension was measured abolished parasympathetic relaxations of the trachealis. Oesophagus removal was without effect on parasympathetic nerve-induced contractions. Removing the dorsal half of the oesophagus or the mucosa and submucosa of the oesophagus did not affect the parasympathetic relaxant innervation. 5. The compound action potential of guinea-pig recurrent laryngeal nerves evoked by vagus nerve stimulation consisted of three distinct peaks representing populations of axons with fast, intermediate and slow conduction velocities. The voltage-response characteristics of vagally mediated contractions were identical to those of the compound action potential peak representing fibres with intermediate (10 m/s) conduction velocities. By contrast, the voltage-response characteristics of the vagally mediated relaxations were best correlated with the compound action potential peak representing fibres with slow (0.4-3 m/s) conduction velocities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Evidence that distinct neural pathways mediate parasympathetic contractions and relaxations of guinea-pig trachealis. 790 44


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