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Query: UMLS:C0154059 (Esophagus)
 2,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oesophagus scintigraphy with 99mTc was used to evaluate oesophageal motility in a group of 23 diabetics without symptoms of autonomic neuropathy (AN). 11 patients were found to have a pathological response to the cardiovascular AN nerve tests. This group of diabetic patients with asymptomatic AN had a high frequency of esophageal dysfunction and a pattern of motor change characterized by uncoordinated movements compared with the group of diabetics without AN and with controls. No correlation between duration of diabetes, insulin dependence, presence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) and motor changes was found. The authors conclude asserting that oesophagus scintigraphy, owing to its sensibility, can lead to an early diagnosis of oesophageal dysfunction in diabetics when symptoms of NA are not yet observed.
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PMID:[Study of esophageal motility in diabetic patients using the scintigraphic method]. 233 70

Oesophagus manometry with a small catheter transducer was performed in 20 patients after total gastrectomy (13 males and 7 females; mean age 60 [35-79] years) and four after partial gastric resection (2 males and 2 females; mean age 70 [60-78] years). All patients were also questioned about any symptoms. Thirteen of the 20 patients reported symptoms of reflux and of abnormal peristalsis (dysphagia, odynophagia). All but one of the 20 patients after total gastrectomy had manometrically abnormal contraction patterns (repetitive, simultaneous, deformed multiple-peak contractions), especially in the distal oesophagus. On average the contractions were diminished by 9 mmHg; resting pressure in the upper oesophagus was reduced by the same amount. These changes were probably due to increased reflux as well as changed biomechanics from the operation (decreased longitudinal tension, absent lower sphincter and postoperative adhesions). The four patients after subtotal resection (with preservation of the lower oesophageal sphincter) had hardly any reflux symptoms, even though the lower sphincter was insufficient in two patients (abdominal compression test), with a corresponding abnormal contraction pattern. Force of contraction in the body of the oesophagus and resting pressures of the two sphincters were also normal.
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PMID:[Motility disorders of the esophagus after surgery on the stomach]. 234 97

In this paper an attempt has been made to study the geographic variations in cancer incidence at various sites, by sex, in Greater Bombay. Crude incidence rates at each site for individual wards have been calculated using the data collected by the Bombay Cancer Registry, for the years 1979 to 1984. To study the variations highest and lowest crude incidence rates in the different wards and the ratio of the highest to the lowest rates for each primary site were calculated. Detailed analyses show that there is a positive relationship between male and female rates for certain sites such as the Buccal Mucosa, Oesophagus, Stomach, Colon, Rectum and Liver. The Tongue, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx, Lung and Larynx present rates that vary widely in males but only slightly in females. Sites such as the Pancreas, Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphoma and Leukaemias do not seem to present any particular pattern. It was interesting to find that those sites where environmental factors are of likely value, such as excessive tobacco chewing and smoking tend to fall in the second category. Particularly striking is the the fact, that habits of etiological value are those to which men are more frequently addicted to than women, probably explaining the low rates in females of the wide variation in male rates.
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PMID:Geographic differences in cancer incidence by sex at various sites in city wards in Greater Bombay. 239 Nov 27

To identify receptors for bombesin-related peptides in the rat esophagus, we measured binding of 125I-Bolton-Hunter neuromedin B (125I-BH-neuromedin B) and 125I-[Tyr4]bombesin to tissue sections from the rat esophagus and compared the results with those for rat pancreas. Esophagus bound both tracers, whereas pancreas bound only 125I-[Tyr4]bombesin. In each tissue binding was saturable, dependent on pH, on time, and on temperature, reversible, and specific. Autoradiography demonstrated binding of both tracers only to the muscularis mucosae of the esophagus and binding of 125I-[Tyr4]bombesin diffusely over pancreatic acini. In the esophagus, the relative potencies for inhibition of binding of both tracers were as follows: neuromedin B greater than bombesin greater than GRP = neuromedin C; similar relative potencies were found for causing contraction of muscle strips from whole esophagus and from the isolated muscularis mucosae. In pancreas tissue sections and dispersed acini, the relative potencies for inhibition of binding of 125I-[Tyr4]bombesin were as follows: bombesin greater than GRP = neuromedin C much greater than neuromedin B. Similar relative potencies were found for stimulation of enzyme secretion from dispersed pancreatic acini. Computer analysis in both tissues demonstrated only a single binding site. The present study demonstrates that rat esophagus muscle possesses specific receptors for bombesin-related peptides. Furthermore, this study shows that the esophageal bombesin receptors represent a previously unidentified class of bombesin receptors in that they have a higher affinity for neuromedin B than for bombesin. In contrast, the pancreatic bombesin receptors have, like all other bombesin receptors described to date, a high affinity for bombesin, but low affinity for neuromedin B.
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PMID:Neuromedin B receptor in esophagus: evidence for subtypes of bombesin receptors. 253 39

Oesophageal computerized dynamic scintigraphy with 99 mTc was used to evaluate oesophageal motility in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients without upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Twenty-nine patients, 10 women and 19 men, mean age 38 +/- 12 yr (range 17-55), mean duration of diabetes 15 +/- 8 yr (range 3-30) and 15 controls were studied. Background or proliferative retinopathy was found in 72.4% of patients, incipient or clinical nephropathy in 48.3% and peripheral neuropathy in 62% of them. In all, oesophagitis and/or other disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract were excluded by barium studies and endoscopy. Oesophagus scintigraphy with 99 mTc sulphur colloid was performed in each subject after fasting for at least 3 hr in the supine position and repeated after few minutes to assess its reproductivity. The rate of passage of the fluid bolus through oesophagus was analyzed by computer and oesophageal transit time (OTT) for the whole oesophagus was measured by time-activity curves. All diabetic patients were screened for autonomic cardiovascular function by standard tests and, on the base of results, assigned to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy positive (CVAN-positive) or to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy negative (CVAN-negative) group. Abnormal oesophageal motility (OTT less than 14 sec as mean +/- 2 SD of controls) was found in 68.7% of CVAN-positive and in 15.4% of CVAN-negative patients (p less than 0.05). CVAN-positive patients resulted older and had significantly longer duration of diabetes than other patients. Furthermore, they showed higher frequency of severe retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy and prolonged OTT compared with CVAN-negative patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oesophageal transit time and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 262 Apr 83

The authors report 100 cases with prolonged spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and survival beyond 4 years old. There were 46 boys and 54 girls. 23 of them had histories with an autosomal recessive form of inheritance. One case had a dominant form. The unity of cases described as Werdnig Hoffman disease [SMA I, SMA II (Childhood), ans SMA III (Kugelberg Welander)] is supported and our cases fell in three groups according to their ambulatory capabilities: never acquired, lost, or retained. 71 cases have never walked: the onset of symptoms was noted at an average age of 6.4 months +/- 3; the average age at the last examination was 16 years (4-39). Death occurred in 6 cases. Loss of walking occurred in 24 cases: the onset of symptoms was noted at an average age of 17.4 months +/- 14.2. 5 cases were still ambulatory: the onset of symptoms was noted at an average age of 2.4 years +/- 2.8. For these last 29 cases the average age at the last examination was 20 years (4-38); death occurred in two cases. The weakness was symmetrical and proximal. The period of worsening varied but, frequently, patients with a later onset of symptoms had a longer period of deterioration. Tongue fasciculations were present in all cases who never walked. Facial and masseter weakness occurred in 3 cases. Oesophagus dyskinesia and distension of the stomach due to brain stem lesions occurred in many cases. This brain stem damage was responsible of 2 sudden deaths (8-30 years). Premature puberty occurred in 14 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Infantile spinal muscular atrophy]. 266 Feb 22

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is centrally controlled through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, sympathetic effects being partly mediated by beta adrenoceptors. Although beta adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists are widely used for different disorders, little is known about the influence of these agents on GI motility. The present study was initiated to investigate whether there is a physiological, beta adrenergic influence on human GI motility and to describe the effects of selective beta adrenoceptor stimulation on motility in the proximal and distal parts of the GI tract. Esophageal peristalsis was measured in healthy subjects using electronic catheters. Distal colonic motility was measured with an open-tipped, water-perfused catheter in the sigmoid colon and from an air-filled balloon in the rectum in healthy subjects and in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In one study, colonic motility was stimulated with continuous infusion of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP). Esophagus: Peristaltic amplitude was increased in the distal smooth muscle part of the esophageal body after infusion of both the nonselective beta blocker propranolol and the beta-1 selective blocker metoprolol. After infusion of the beta-1 agonist prenalterol and the beta-2 selective agonist terbutaline, a profound decrease in esophageal peristaltic amplitude was seen. Pretreatment with metoprolol selectively blocked the response to a moderate dose of prenalterol but did not block the response to terbutaline. The latter response was blocked by propranolol. Peristaltic velocity in the proximal part of the esophagus was decreased by beta-1 stimulation and in the distal part by beta-2 stimulation. Distal colon: In healthy subjects the sigmoid motility index showed a dose-dependent increase after metoprolol and propranolol, respectively. The increase was more marked after propranolol infusion. Terbutaline decreased the sigmoid motility index both in healthy subjects and in patients with the IBS. Furthermore, the rectal motility index was decreased in the group of healthy subjects. The effects of prenalterol on rectal and sigmoid motility did not differ from those of placebo. The IBS patient group showed larger intraindividual variations in sigmoid motility from day to day and also lower rectal motility indices than the healthy subjects. Infusion of CCK-OP increased the sigmoid motility index compared to non-stimulated conditions. No effects on CCK-OP stimulated motility were seen after either terbutaline, prenalterol or placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Beta adrenergic influence on esophageal and colonic motility in man. 286 39

The upper gastrointestinal tract was investigated endoscopically in 30 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. Esophagus, stomach and duodenum showed, respectivelly, 40%, 53% and 43% of endoscopic alterations. The histopathological examination of biopsy tissue revealed no specific lesions in esophagus and stomach, but P. brasiliensis was observed in three cases of duodenal lesions: two cases with mucosal diffuse erosions and one case of duodenal polyp. It is concluded that duodenal paracoccidioidomycosis is not rare and could be revealed by endoscopic examination in patients with disseminated disease.
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PMID:[Endoscopic evaluation of the involvement of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum in human paracoccidioidomycosis]. 378 52

Oesophagus scintigraphy with 99mTc was used to evaluate oesophageal motility in 40 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Abnormal oesophageal function was found in one third of the patients, although none reported oesophageal symptoms. The patients with abnormal oesophageal motility had a high frequency of abnormal autonomic nerve function tests compared with controls.
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PMID:Oesophagus scintigraphy in patients with diabetes mellitus. 380 95

In 44 patients with morphea the incidence of internal organ involvement was studied. For the clinical study, only patients with disseminated (22 patients), linear (20 patients), and generalized morphea (2 patients) were considered. Systemic parameters were determined for inflammation and the function of the esophagus, lung, heart and kidneys. In 22 patients, mostly with the linear form of morphea, the muscles were studied by electromyography. In 23 patients the HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-DR patterns were determined; 27% of the patients showed systemic organ manifestations. Esophagus function was impaired in 10 and lung function in 6 cases; 15 patients showed myositis. The degree of systemic involvement was correlated with the type of morphea and the grade of systemic inflammation. Generalized morphea showed a high rate of organ involvement (2 of 2); in linear morphea organ involvement was reduced to 34% and in the disseminated form, to 14%. There was a significant association of HLA-DR1 and -DR5 with the different types of morphea.
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PMID:[Circumscribed scleroderma: internal manifestations and significant correlation to HLA-DR1 and DR5]. 387 10


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