Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153690 (bone metastases)
 6,382 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the efficacy of recombinant human leukocyte alpha-interferon (IFL-RA) in advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer, the authors treated 40 patients with IFL-RA administered intramuscularly at a dose of 10 x 10(6) U/m2 three times weekly. Toxicity was substantial and necessitated at least a 50% dose reduction in all but five patients during the first 1-2 months of therapy. No responses were observed in patients with bone metastases, but complete and partial regression of nodal disease were observed in two patients with extraosseous disease (overall response rate, 5%; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-17.75%). The authors conclude that IFL-RA cannot be recommended at this dose and schedule in patients with advanced prostate cancer, but additional study of its use in patients with nodal disease may be warranted.
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PMID:A phase II study of recombinant human alpha-interferon in advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer. 138 29

Fifteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated by administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells given together with systemic administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Pulmonary metastases alone were found in 10 cases, pulmonary and mediastinal nodal metastases in 3, and pulmonary and bone metastases in 2. LAK cells, generated by incubation in 700 units/ml of IL-2 for 3-4 days, were intravenously administered once a week. In addition, beginning on the day of the first LAK cell infusion, 3.5 x 10(5) units of IL-2 were intravenously infused once or twice a day with occasional supplementation of 3.5 x 10(5) units of IL-2 on each day of LAK cell infusion. The total number of LAK cells and total amount of IL-2 administered per patient in this study ranged from 0.8 x 10(10) to 6.9 x 10(10) cells and from 10.2 x 10(6) to 74.9 x 10(6) units, respectively. As toxic effects caused by the infusion of LAK cells, headache, shaking chills, fever and leukocytosis were found in all cases. Side effects possibly induced by IL-2 infusion were tolerable fever, fluid retention (body weight gain of 2-3 kg) and eosinophilia. Out of 15 patients, a partial response was observed in 4 patients who had pulmonary metastases alone. One of the 4 patients with a partial response was clinically free of disease after undergoing a thoracotomy for resection of residual lesions, but a brain metastasis was detected 10 months after the thoracotomy. The remaining 3 patients are being closely followed up at present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma]. 148 86

A Phase I/II trial of weekly cisplatin and extended field radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma and paraaortic metastases was initiated. A total of 13 patients have entered this trial since 1985. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of extended field radiation therapy and cisplatin as a radiation sensitizer in this high-risk group of patients. The addition of paraaortic nodal radiation was derived from our earlier trial using cisplatin and pelvic radiation therapy followed by combination chemotherapy (cisplatin, adriamycin and cytoxan). Of the 13 patients entered, 8 are alive without evidence of disease and 5 have recurred, all exclusively outside the treatment fields. Three of the five had positive scalene node biopsies prior to the initiation of therapy. Four patients have died from distant metastases, one is alive with lung and bone metastases, and there have been no recurrences in the pelvis or paraaortic treated areas. The encouraging results of complete local and pelvic control of tumor and acceptable toxicity warrants continuation of this trial.
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PMID:Aggressive multimodality treatment for cervical cancer with paraaortic lymph node metastases. 191 9

In conclusion, it would appear from present evidence that several statements can be made. First, MRI is the most accurate method of staging the periprostatic spread of carcinoma. Both the prostate and the regional nodes can be evaluated. The role of ultrasound is, at present, unclear. Second, the utility of CT has diminished with the emergence of high-quality MRI, but in situations in which MRI scans are inconclusive (e.g., in the assessment of paraaortic node disease, in which images are degraded by peristaltic movement), CT may be useful. Third, the choice of method for the assessment of nodal disease is a more difficult question. Although MRI and CT have replaced lymphography in most centers, the latter study, especially when combined with fine-needle aspiration biopsy, still is useful. Fourth, bone metastases are best assessed with scintigraphy, which can point to areas requiring supplemental plain radiography. An MRI study of the spine, although highly sensitive, is not practical. Fifth, MRI is superior to CT myelography in assessing spinal disease. Finally, the chest radiograph is the mainstay of assessing chest involvement.
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PMID:Imaging of patients with stage D prostatic carcinoma. 199 73

The authors assessed whether breast cancers can be detected by means of positron emission tomography (PET) with the positron-emitter-labeled glucose analogue 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). In 12 patients with primary and/or metastatic breast cancer, PET images of F-18 distribution in vivo were obtained approximately 1 hour after intravenous injection of 10 mCi of FDG. Scan findings were correlated with other imaging data and physical examination and biopsy results. Ten of 10 primary breast cancers were imaged by means of FDG PET with a tumor:background FDG uptake ratio of 8.1 (median). Ten of 10 bone metastases were imaged with a tumor:normal bone uptake ratio of 6.05 (median). Five of five known soft-tissue metastases and four previously unsuspected nodal lesions were found with PET. No false-positive foci of FDG uptake were demonstrated. In two cases with negative mammograms due to dense breast parenchyma, FDG PET clearly delineated the primary tumors. These preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility and substantial potential of PET scanning with FDG to detect and localize both primary and metastatic breast cancers.
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PMID:Primary and metastatic breast carcinoma: initial clinical evaluation with PET with the radiolabeled glucose analogue 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. 202 89

Fourteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated by systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Pulmonary metastases alone were found in 9 cases, pulmonary and mediastinal nodal metastases in 3, and pulmonary and bone metastases in 2. LAK cells, generated by incubation in 2 units/ml of IL 2 for 3-4 days, were intravenously administered once or twice a week. In addition, beginning on the day of the first LAK cell infusion, 1000 units of IL 2 diluted in normal saline were intravenously infused once or twice a day with occasional supplementation of 1000 units of IL-2 on each day of LAK cell infusion. The total number of LAK cells and total amount of IL-2 administered per patient in this study ranged from 0.8 x 10(10) to 6.9 x 10(10) cells and from 3.3 x 10(4) to 21.4 x 10(4) units, respectively. As toxic effects caused by the infusion of LAK cells, headache, shaking chills, fever and leukocytosis were found in all 14 cases. Side effects possibly induced by IL-2 infusion were tolerable fever, fluid retention (body weight gain of 2-3 kg) and eosinophilia. No objective regression of mediastinal nodal or bone metastases was observed. In regard to lung metastases, however, partial and minor responses were observed in 3 and 2 cases, respectively. One of the 3 patients with a partial response was clinically free of disease after undergoing a thoracotomy for resection of residual lesions, but a brain metastasis was detected 10 months after the thoracotomy. The remaining 2 patients are being closely followed up at present. In 3 of 11 patients who showed a minor response, no change or progressive disease, brain metastases were observed during or after the immunotherapy. Furthermore, we examined the possibility of selection of suitable candidates for this therapy on the basis of the degree of in vitro LAK activity against autologous cultured tumor cells in 6 patients, but there was no significant correlation between in vitro autologous tumor cell lysis by LAK cells and the clinical response to immunotherapy. In conclusion, although a complete response could not be obtained, it can be said that this immunotherapy may be effective against RCC, in particular lung metastases, since a partial response was achieved in 3 of 14 patients. However, it should be taken into consideration that this immunotherapeutic approach may have a risk of increasing the frequency of brain metastases.
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PMID:[Usefulness and limitation of immunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin 2]. 207 2

One hundred and forty-three patients (Group 1) with histologically proven nasopharyngeal-carcinoma (NPC) had bone scintigraphy with 99Tcm methylenediphosphonate (MDP) or dihydroxypropanediphosphonate (DPD) within 2 months of the initial diagnosis. A further 162 patients (Group 2) had bone scans during the course of follow-up if there were symptoms of bone pain or evidence of metastases at other sites. Twenty-three per cent (33/143) of the newly diagnosed NPC patients (Group 1) had evidence of bone metastases. Of these 143 patients, 101 were T0-T2, 16 were T3 and 25 were T4. Thirty-six patients had no neck nodes (NO), 44 were N1, 25 N2 and 38 N3. Of the 162 patients in Group 2, 96 (59%) had a positive bone scan. The commonest sites for bony metastases from NPC were the spine, ribs, pelvis and lower limbs in order of frequency. There is a highly significant association with the nodal stage but no association with the UICC T staging which is not adequate in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In our part of the world, bone metastases from NPC are a common cause of an abnormal bone scan.
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PMID:Bone scintigraphy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 220 25

To evaluate the incidence of a positive bone scan at presentation in women with primary breast cancer, 389 consecutive 99Tcm bone scans over a ten-year period (1978-87) were retrospectively and blindly reviewed by a single observer. The study comprised all women clinically staged I-III (UICC criteria) and irradiated with radical intent in the Professorial Unit of Radiotherapy at this institution. The initial scan was performed within six weeks of primary surgery, and was judged to show metastatic disease in only 24/389 (6%) overall. The incidence of a positive scan increased with stage from 2/80 (2.5%), and 9/226 (4%) to 13/83 (16%) for stages I, II, and III respectively. Pre-operative haemoglobin, serum alkaline phosphatase level, age, menstrual status and degree of nodal involvement were not significantly associated with the risk of a positive scan. Patients found to have a positive scan experienced a significantly shorter overall survival than those with a normal scan (p greater than 0.001). After a mean follow-up time of 46 months (range 3-120 months), 45/365 originally normal scans 15% had converted to an abnormal scan, and a further 32 patients developed radiological evidence of bone metastases.
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PMID:Skeletal scintigraphy in carcinoma of the breast--a ten year retrospective study of 389 patients. 238 28

Distant metastases from lung cancer is a common occurrence in a common malignancy. Almost every organ may be involved but the extra-thoracic sites posing common clinical problems are brain metastases, cord compression, painful bone metastases or pathological fractures, nodal spread and liver involvement. A review of the records of 225 lung cancer patients referred to the Therapeutic Radiology Department, Singapore General Hospital, during the calender year 1985 showed a metastatic rate of 13.8% at referral. On subsequent follow up, an additional 49 patients (21.7%) developed metastases clinically. The organs involved were bone (21 patients), spinal cord (21 patients), brain (18 patients), liver (13 patients), other lung (7 patients) and other sites (17 patients). The management of metastases to the brain, bone and liver, and spinal cord compression will be discussed.
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PMID:Lung cancer metastases--management. 247 90

The objective of this study is to correlate the presence of bone and liver metastases in patients with breast cancer with respect to the results of bone and liver scans, axillary nodal status, and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. One hundred ninety-seven patients with breast cancer treated by modified radical mastectomy between the years 1978 and 1981 were studied. Fifty-nine (30%) of the total group had distant metastases during the course of observation of 60 to 96 months; of 35 patients in whom bone metastases developed, 30 had normal preoperative bone scan results. Of 21 patients who had liver metastases, 19 had normal preoperative liver scans. Nineteen (70%) of the 27 patients with abnormal bone scans had normal alkaline phosphatase levels. Seven (63%) of the 11 patients who had abnormal liver scans had a normal alkaline phosphatase. The study supports the concept that preoperative bone and liver scans are ineffective indicators of metastatic involvement. Selection of patients for screening by bone and liver scans according to alkaline phosphatase determinations was not supported by this study. The appropriate use of bone scans for screening in patients with breast carcinoma is suggested as a follow-up device in patients with positive lymph nodes.
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PMID:The role of bone and liver scans in surveying patients with breast cancer for metastatic disease. 282 53


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