Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0153690 (bone metastases)
 6,382 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gallium-67 scanning was evaluated in 100 patients with proved carcinoma of the lung. It was valuable in separating primary from secondary lung tumors, determining the extent of contralateral hilar or mediastinal lymph node involvement, and detecting distant organ metastases. In addition to multiplane whole-body Ga-67 tomographic scanning, colloid liver scans, bone scans, and computerized axial tomography scans of the brain were obtained to determine the presence of distant metastasis. The gallium scan detected 11 of 12 occult metastases and identified 7 of 7 liver, 9 of 14 brain, 4 of 4 soft tissues, 1 of 4 contralateral lung, and 9 of 11 bone metastases. The whole-body gallium scan accurately detected or excluded extrathoracic metastatic disease in 11 of 12 patients examined postmortem within three months of a gallium scan. An approach is recommended using gallium scanning along with chest roentgenograms for clinical staging and preoperative evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the lung. Specific organ scans should be reserved for the occasional symptomatic patient with a negative gallium scan or for clarification of an indeterminate gallium scan.
 ...
PMID:The role of gallium-67 scanning in the clinical staging and preoperative evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the lung. 49 98

A great number of patients with gynaecological malignant diseases suffer from severe pain, caused, for example, by bone metastases of breast cancer or tumour infiltration of the pelvis and the lumbar plexus in uterine cancer. Several methods of treatment are available depending upon the origin of pain. It is possible to achieve pain relief by radiotherapy or by cytostatic therapy. Sometimes, anaesthesiological and neurosurgical measures are successful, but the most important method is treatment with analgesics. Strong opioids are given, if pain relief is insufficient under treatment with non-narcotic drugs or weak opioids, like codeine. Morphine and other strong opioids are not reserved for pain control only in terminally sick women, as they can be administered successfully for long periods without severe side effects. If possible, the oral route should be selected. If vomiting occurs, or if patients are unable to take oral medication, morphine can be given peridurally, intrathecally or by infusion. Often, an additional treatment is necessary with different medicaments like tricyclic antidepressants and corticosteroids.
 ...
PMID:[Pain therapy in gynecologic neoplasms]. 169 Jun 78

A total of 110 consecutive females who presented in 1987 with primary carcinoma of the breast were staged according to the UICC TNM staging system. Of these, 90 patients had bone scans at presentation, of which seven were positive. The rate of positive initial scans for Stages I-II was 3.5%. Of these only one patient subsequently had bone metastases confirmed, to diagnose which by bone scan, the estimated cost was pounds 1300. Follow-up information was obtained for 95 patients, repeat scans being performed in 22 who had symptoms suggestive of bone metastases. Ten patients with negative initial scans converted to scan-positive within a mean time of 15 months. Only four of these had radiological confirmation of bone metastases. The cost of detecting bone metastases by follow-up scan was approximately pounds 80 per patient. The false-positive rate and the false-negative rate were both calculated as 10%. The specificity of the test was calculated as 90%. It is recommended that bone scanning should be reserved for patients with Stages III and IV disease and to evaluate symptoms suggesting bone metastases.
 ...
PMID:Cost efficiency of bone scans in breast cancer. 203 84

Bone metastases are frequent in the evolution of breast cancer. Bone scan is the best method for early detection. At initial presentation the frequency of bone metastases is low, and it is usefulness to recommend this exam except for old people or patients with risks factors. During the follow-up, the utility of repeated bone scan is discussed. For the majority of authors, it may be reserved for symptomatic patients or when biological modifications appeared. The follow-up of these patients must be essentially clinical. This strategy delay the diagnosis of bone metastases of only a few weeks; and it don't seem to affect the prognosis of these patients.
 ...
PMID:[Should systematic bone scintigraphy be carried out on breast cancer patients with small tumors?]. 225 88

During the first 10 years of Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG), the subcommittee on bone scintigraphy has focused on the value of bone scintigraphy at the time of operation in all patients and then yearly in those considered to be primarily operable (stage I and II). Out of 1175 patients examined at time of operation, bone metastases could be verified by x-ray or histology in only 16, of whom the majority had bone pain and/or spread to other organs. Similarly, around 2.5% per year for the first 3 postoperative years and about 1% per year during the next 4 postoperative years had bone metastases verified by x-ray or histology within 12 months after the latest scheduled bone scintigraphy. It is concluded that bone scintigraphy is of no value in primarily operable patients with breast cancer, and that the examination should be reserved for patients with symptoms and/or signs of bone metastases and for patients with relapse.
 ...
PMID:The value of pre-scheduled bone scintigraphies in breast cancer. 314 35

Hypercalcemia of malignancy is most commonly due to the effects of parathyroid hormone-related peptide, which acts as a humoral factor to cause generalized osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and reabsorption of calcium by the kidney tubule, and may also act as a local resorptive factor adjacent to bone metastases. Local resorptive mechanisms are less common causes of malignant hypercalcemia than previously believed. Treatment begins with intravenous fluid rehydration, followed by a furosemide diuresis and the bisphosphonate pamidronate, 60-90 mg, intravenously. Gallium nitrate is an efficacious but inconvenient alternative to pamidronate. Calcitonin combined with pamidronate is a reasonable initial therapy for severe hypercalcemia to hasten normalization of the serum calcium. Steroids should be reserved for hypercalcemia due to tumor production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, or for steroid-responsive malignancies. Oral or parenteral bisphosphonates can be used to maintain normocalcemia. In addition to improving the morbidity of acute hypercalcemia, bisphosphonate therapy has been shown to reduce bone pain and pathological fractures in patients with bone metastases, and calcitonin also has a potent analgesic effect in these patients. Treatment for hypercalcemia should therefore be considered in the majority of patients in the palliative care setting.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcemia of malignancy in the palliative care patient: a treatment strategy. 754 27

Having found, in the same medical centre, an abnormally high (15%) frequency of bone metastases from colorectal carcinoma, the authors report a series of 8 cases and review what is now known of this reputed rare (4%) metastases. Their clinical and imaging features are not very different from secondary bone lesions of other origins. They usually appear approximately 5 years after the primary tumour has been diagnosed; and they are rarely isolated, being part of a diffuse metastatic disease; their prognosis is in fact conditioned by visceral metastases (liver, lung, peritoneum). Concerning treatment, pain relieving radiotherapy is crucial, as witnesses by the authors. Chemotherapy must always be prescribed for its proven effectiveness against visceral lesions. The other medicinal treatments (e.g. analgesics, bisphosphonates) are very useful. Surgery must be reserved to emergency situations (spinal cord compression) and to patients in good general condition. To our 8 patients these treatments brought comfort and increased survival. Survivals of at least 6 to 9 months were obtained, and one patient is still alive 14 months after the diagnosis of bone metastasis. These results compare favourably with the 4 months median survival observed in other series.
 ...
PMID:[Bone metastases of colorectal cancers: apropos of 8 cases]. 837 52

The patterns of disease distribution at diagnosis and during follow-up were cataloged for the primary renal tumors of childhood. These data, derived from more than 1,500 patients, were used to define the most rewarding and cost-effective imaging methods required for patient management. The basic information needed prior to surgery includes whether there is a functioning kidney on the opposite side, and whether there are lung metastases or inferior vena cava thrombi. Simple X-ray examinations and ultrasonography (US) will provide the necessary data. Postoperatively, when the histology is known, examination of the brain (MRI or CT scan) is needed for patients with the rhabdoid tumor and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) who are prone to develop brain lesions; and the skeletal system (bone scan, X-ray skeletal survey) for CCSK and for renal cell carcinoma patients who tend to develop bone metastases. Continuing examination of the lung (chest films) is required for all histologies except perhaps for mesoblastic nephroma, which seldom metastasizes. The opposite kidney needs follow-up (US) for 5 or more years to exclude metachronous involvement if nephrogenic rests are present in either kidney. Sophisticated imaging studies, which cost five times or more than simple X-ray examinations or US, are not warranted routinely, and should be reserved for those cases where simpler, less expensive studies do not suffice for reaching patient management decisions.
 ...
PMID:Position paper: imaging methods for primary renal tumors of childhood: costs versus benefits. 838 81

It is recommended that routine bone scans not be adopted for follow-up of patients with stage I-II breast cancer. Bone scintigraphy should be reserved for evaluation of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of bone metastases.
 ...
PMID:Bone scintigraphy screening in stage I-II breast cancer: is it cost-effective? 859 May 15

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates in the thyroid C cells, or parafollicular cells, secreting calcitonin. It may be either sporadic or familial. Familial form can be isolated or expression of a multiple endocrine neoplasia type II. Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene have been identified in the germline DNA of patients with familial MTC syndromes. Genetic testing can identify patients affected by multiple endocrine neoplasia and familial MTC, allowing early diagnosis and possible cure. The initial treatment is surgical and the adequate surgery consists of total thyroidectomy. The treatment of occult or minimal disease can be curative. Plasma calcitonin measurements are excellent markers for post-operative follow-up. Imaging study can help to discover recurrent or metastatic disease. Adjunctive therapy includes radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is reserved for bone metastases or for non resectable neck recurrences. Chemotherapy is reserved for patients with progressive MTC. Many chemotherapeutic regimens have been tried, results are controversial.
 ...
PMID:[Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid: diagnosis and therapy]. 1082 79


1 2 Next >>