Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0153690 (bone metastases)
 6,382 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mitoxantrone (MIX), a member of the anthraquinone chemical class, was found to be a potential anticancer agent. It has a similar spectrum of activity as Adriamycin in experimental and human tumors. Thirty-five female patients with metastatic breast cancer, refractory to previous chemotherapy, were treated between 1986 and 1987 with MIX (14 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks); patients with diffuse bone metastases or heavily pretreated patients received 10-12 mg/m2 MIX. All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Two patients achieved complete response and 4 partial response, giving an overall response rate of 17%. Median time of response was 5.5 months. The drug was well tolerated. Objective response was obtained mostly in patients with a performance status (Karnofsky scale) of more than 70%, and in those who received more than 12 mg/m2 MIX per course. One patient developed cardiomyopathy, another an acute myocardial infarction, and 3 patients had pathological changes on echocardiography or multigated nuclear angiography. Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity was tolerable. We found MIX to be a potentially effective second-line treatment with mild toxicity in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone as second-line single agent in metastatic breast cancer. 189 Nov 66

A 61-year-old man with pulmonary and bone metastases from a primary transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate (TCCP) refractory to MVAC was treated with mitoxantrone 16 mg/m2 i.v. at 3-week intervals. With this, he experienced an objective partial remission lasting 5 months and a significant decrease in cancer-related symptoms. Mitoxantrone deserves further evaluation in this rare disease.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone in the treatment of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. A case report. 925 94

(1) The reference management of advanced-stage hormone-resistant prostate cancer is palliative treatment aimed at controlling pain and improving quality of life, namely analgesics and radiotherapy for painful bone metastases. (2) Mitoxantrone, a cytotoxic agent, has been granted marketing authorisation in this indication. Estramustine was already available in this setting. (3) The clinical assessment file on mitoxantrone mainly comprises two unblinded trials comparing a steroid + mitoxantrone combination with steroid alone. Mitoxantrone has not been compared with palliative care comprising radiotherapy. (4) One trial involved 161 patients with painful metastases. They were treated either with prednisone (10 mg/day by mouth) + mitoxantrone (12 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks), or with prednisone alone. The other trial involved 242 patients with metastases that were not always symptomatic, who were treated either with hydrocortisone (40 mg/day orally) + mitoxantrone (14 mg/m2 intravenously every three weeks) or with hydrocortisone alone. (5) No trial showed a benefit of mitoxantrone in terms of the duration or quality of survival. The analgesic effect of mitoxantrone in the first trial was moderate, benefiting fewer than 20% of patients. The evidence shows that radiotherapy is effective in 80% of cases. (6) The main adverse effects of mitoxantrone are haematological and cardiovascular. The adverse effect profile of mitoxantrone does not appear to be any more favourable than that of radiotherapy. (7) In practice, for patients with advanced-stage hormone-resistant prostate cancer the reference palliative treatment for painful bone metastases remains analgesics plus radiotherapy. Mitoxantrone is of no use in this setting.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone: new indication. More risky than beneficial in advanced prostate cancer. 1171 79