Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153690 (bone metastases)
 6,382 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein of bone (BGP) is an abundant noncollagenous protein of mammalian bone. BGP has a molecular weight of 5,800 and contains three residues of the vitamin K-dependent amino acid, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. We have applied a radioimmunoassay based on calf BGP for the measurement of the protein in the plasma of 109 normal humans and 112 patients with various bone diseases. BGP in human plasma was demonstrated to be indistinguishable from calf BGP by assay dilution studies and gel permeation chromatography. The mean (+/- SE) concentration of BGP in normal subjects was 6.78 (+/- 0.20) ng/ml, 7.89 (+/- 0.32) for males and 4.85 (+/- 0.35) for females. Plasma BGP was increased in patients with Paget's disease of bone, bone metastases, primary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and osteopenia. Plasma BGP did correlate with plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) in some instances, but there were dissociations between the two. It was additionally observed that patients with liver disease had normal plasma BGP despite increased plasma AP, a reflection of the lack of specificity of AP measurements for bone disease. Our studies indicate that the radioimmunoassay of plasma BGP can be a useful and specific procedure for evaluating the patient with bone disease.
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PMID:New biochemical marker for bone metabolism. Measurement by radioimmunoassay of bone GLA protein in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with bone disease. 696 55

Of 312 patients presenting with breast cancer to a single clinic, 297 were screened for metastases in skin and nodes, bone, marrow, liver and lungs, using standard clinical, radiological scanning and cytological techniques. Thirty-four patients were found to have overt metastatic disease using these tests. Metastases were demonstrable on chest X-ray in 6.1% of the entire group of patients, on the bone scan in 4.2%, liver scan in 1.5%, liver ultrasound in 1.2% and in the bone marrow in only a single patient; 3.8% had contralateral or supraclavicular lymph node metastases or skin metastases. Twenty-eight of these 34 patients (82%) with overt metastases would have been classed as metastatic had only chest X-ray and clinical examination been carried out.A survey was then carried out to determine when tests for bone and liver metastases became abnormal. Bone scan and skeletal survey results were reviewed in 58 patients, 22 of whom had developed skeletal metastases and all of whom had regular skeletal scintigraphy carried out. Sixteen of 20 (80%) scans carried out within six months of the development of skeletal deposits were abnormal compared with 4 of 19 (21%) scans at the same follow-up time in those who failed to develop metastases, but few patients showed definite evidence of bone metastases on scanning prior to radiological metastases. Fifty-one patients who were found to have liver metastases at post-mortem were reviewed and most showed progressively rising alkaline phosphatase before death but only 11 of 57 (19.2%) and 14 of 50 (28%) had positive liver scintiscans and liver ultrasound examinations respectively from 3-12 months before death.
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PMID:Physical test for distant metastases in patients with breast cancer. 724 68

Rhenium-186 hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (186Re-HEDP) has been used for the palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain. A phase 1 dose escalation study was performed using 186Re-HEDP. Twenty-four patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer entered the study. Each patient had at least four bone metastases and adequate haematological function. Groups of at least three consecutive patients were treated with doses starting at 1295 MBq and increasing to 3515 MBq (escalated in increments of 555 MBq). Thrombocytopenia proved to be the dose-limiting toxicity, while leucopenia played a minor role. Early death occurred in one patient (10 days after administration) without clear relationship to the 186Re-HEDP therapy. Transient neurological dysfunction was seen in two cases. Two patients who received 3515 MBq 186Re-HEDP showed grade 3 toxicity (thrombocytes 25-50 x 10(9)/l), defined as unacceptable toxicity. After treatment alkaline phosphatase levels showed a transient decrease in all patients (mean: 26% +/- 10% IU/l; range: 11%-44%). Prostate-specific antigen values showed a decline in eight patients, preceded by a temporary increase in three patients. From this study we conclude that the maximally tolerated dose of 186Re-HEDP is 2960 MBq. A placebo-controlled comparative study on the efficacy of 186Re-HEDP has been initiated.
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PMID:Dose escalation study of rhenium-186 hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. 753 Jan 99

In a retrospective analytical study the authors evaluated in 86 patients, mean age 69 years (range 55-85 years), with a newly diagnosed untreated prostate carcinoma the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of specific prostatic antigen (PSA), acid phosphatase (AP), alkaline phosphatase (AP') and pain in relation to possible affection of bones by secondaries. The authors found a highly negative predictive value for assessment of bone metastases when PSA values were lower than 10 ng/ml (96%), at levels under 20 ng/ml (94%) and a highly positive predictive value at levels higher than 50 ng/ml (97%). When AP and AP' are negative and there is no pain the occurrence of secondaries is of low probability. These results make it possible to differentiate some patients where scintigraphy of the skeleton is not inevitable. This procedure can be applied above all in patients where radical prostatectomy is not indicated.
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PMID:[Levels of prostate-specific antigen, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and pain in the prediction of bone metastases in patients with newly diagnosed prostatic carcinoma]. 753 51

Serum levels of procollagen type I carboxy-terminal extension peptide (PICP) reflect the synthesis of type I collagen. As PICP is produced by osteoblasts and is not incorporated into bone matrix, serum PICP levels have been suggested as a marker of bone formation. In 37 cancer patients (21 men and 16 women; age: 72.4 +/- 8.6 (mean +/- SD) years) with bone metastases and 23 women (age: 77.3 +/- 6.64 years) as controls, the following biochemical variables were measured: serum PICP, calcium (Ca), phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and urinary hydroxyproline and calcium corrected for creatinine excretion. Higher serum levels of PICP were observed in cancer patients than in control (245 +/- 177 micrograms/l vs 121.7 +/- 36 micrograms/l, p < 0.01). Cancer patients also had higher AP levels than controls (704 +/- 755 U/l vs 216.5 +/- 56 U/l, p < 0.01). Abnormal PICP and AP serum concentrations (above the mean + 2SD of controls) were found in 46% and 51% of patients, respectively. Moreover, patients showed significantly lower serum calcium concentrations (p < 0.001), and higher TRAP and hydroxyproline levels although statistical significance was not reached. In the patients, PICP was correlated directly with AP (r = 0.50, p < 0.01) and TRAP (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). In conclusion, patients with bone metastases have increased bone turnover as shown by serum markers. Serum PICP may be used as an adjunctive, non-invasive index to assess bone metabolism. However, the clinical usefulness of PICP in cancer patients needs further evaluations.
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PMID:Serum levels of procollagen type I carboxyterminal extension peptide in cancer patients with bone metastases. 756 Dec 34

Bone metastases frequently occur in prostate carcinoma. Total body radionuclide scan with diphosphonate methylene labelled with 99Tc is commonly used to diagnose such metastases. However this technique is aspecific and frequently unreliable. In recent years several biological markers dealing with bone metabolism were studied. Serum determination of skeletal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and moreover of its bone isoenzyme (BAP) could be considered a reliable index of osteoblastic activity. In this preliminary report we analyzed a group of 43 patients affected by prostate carcinoma with or without bone metastases. The American Urological Association (AUA) staging system was adopted. Sixteen patients were D2, bone metastases had been suspected by means of radionuclide bone scan and confirmed by Computerized Tomography and/or aimed X-rays. Tandem R-Ostase by Hybritech was used to measure BAP, normal value is set to 20 micrograms/L. All D2 tumours had pathological BAP values (mean value 87.50 micrograms/l); 1/3 stage A, 5/13 stage B, 5/9 stage C and 0/2 stage D1 patients had pathological findings. One of this patients, stage C, revealed a bone metastase at a later bone scan.
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PMID:[Measurement of skeletal alkaline phosphatase in prostatic carcinoma. Preliminary report]. 757 Feb 64

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer in U.S. men, and advanced, hormone-refractory disease is characterized by painful osteoblastic bone metastases. Endothelin-1, more commonly known as a potent vasoconstrictor, is a normal ejaculate protein that also stimulates osteoblasts. We show here that plasma immunoreactive endothelin concentrations are significantly elevated in men with metastatic prostate cancer and that every human prostate cancer cell line tested produces endothelin-1 messenger RNA and secretes immunoreactive endothelin. Exogenous endothelin-1 is a prostate cancer mitogen in vitro and increases alkaline phosphatase activity in new bone formation, indicating that ectopic endothelin-1 may be a mediator of the osteoblastic response of bone to metastatic prostate cancer.
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PMID:Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 758 22

Immunoradiometric determination of the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase with a method provided by Hybritech Inc., San Diego CA (USA) was carried out in 145 female patients, 97 of whom with radically operated breast cancer and 48 with benign mammary cysts, in order to evaluate the correlation of serum levels with the metabolic process of bone rearrangement in patients with bone metastases. This study shows that skeletal ALP, having high specificity (86.48%) and sensitivity (78.6%) for early progression (the average anticipation time compared to scintigraphic detection was 101 days) could represent a valid marker for bone metastases in association with mucinous markers in the follow-up of patients operated for breast cancer. In addition, dynamic serum determination of skeletal ALP could be a valid help in monitoring the efficacy of therapy in patients with bone progression.
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PMID:Skeletal alkaline phosphatase as a serum marker of bone metastases in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer. 762 26

Although osteosclerotic bone metastases are characteristic of prostate cancer, mixed metastases with a lytic component are not uncommon. Type I collagen is synthesised by osteoblasts and accounts for about 90% of the organic matrix of bone. We have used new specific immunoassays for PICP (carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen) and ICTP (cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) which allow simultaneous assessment of the synthesis and degradation of type I collagen respectively. Forty patients with bone metastases due to prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis were investigated with these methods. Twenty-three of them had sclerotic (S) and 17 had mixed metastases with sclerotic and lytic components (S + L) as assessed by radiographs. The concentrations of PICP and ICTP in serum as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) were increased in all patients of the S + L group, who had more aggressive bone disease and a shorter survival than the S group (P < 0.017). The ICTP level was above the reference range in half of the patients in the S group, whereas the PICP and AP levels were elevated in 35%. Of the bone markers, only ICTP was of prognostic significance (P < .05). We conclude that ICTP and PICP give information about the type and activity of the skeletal metastases. In addition, ICTP predicts prognosis.
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PMID:Type I collagen degradation product (ICTP) gives information about the nature of bone metastases and has prognostic value in prostate cancer. 773

The authors conducted a retrospective review of 234 bone scans of stomach cancer patients who had been diagnosed at the Seoul National University Hospital. In 106 of the 234 cases (45.3%), there were abnormal bone scan results, suggestive of bone metastases. The most common site of bone metastases was the spine, followed by the ribs, pelvis, femur, and skull. These sites were similar to those known for other malignant diseases. The incidence of bone metastases increased according to the duration of disease, especially within 12 months after diagnosis in patients with stage III gastric cancer. The incidence of bone metastases increased as the clinical stage increased. However, the incidence of metastases did not relate to gastric cancer pathologic type. The authors found 6 cases of "superscan" in the 234 bone scans (2.6%). The bone scan findings correlated positively with the level of serum alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Evaluation of bone metastases by Tc-99m MDP imaging in patients with stomach cancer. 778 86


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