Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153690 (bone metastases)
 6,382 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of fine needle aspiration biopsy of solitary osteolytic-type bone metastases in 24 patients is described. A positive diagnosis of malignancy was obtained in 21 patients, as the softness of the osteolytic lesion yielded enough cell material for cytologic examination. No complications were encountered. The procedure can be performed with ease, even on an outpatient basis, without discomfort to the patient.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration biopsy of osteolytic metastatic lesions. 11 55

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of external radiation therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its metastatic lesions. A total of 33 patients with cytopathologically proven HCC were subjected to radiation therapy over a 4-year period, and treatment was discontinued in 8 cases due to jaundice, severe discomfort, or early mortality. Thus, 25 patients with 28 lesions underwent irradiation with a total dose ranging between 3000 and 5600. Of these, seven were irradiated for liver tumors, and the results showed that two lesions decreased in size, the symptoms improved in 1 case, and another patient maintained stable disease for 4 months. Among the 21 metastatic lesions treated, only 2 patients failed respond to the treatment. Nine subjects were irradiated for bone metastases, and the bone pain subsided in all but one case. The survival for bone metastasis was as long as 23 months when the primary tumor was treated effectively. Three of the four cases of irradiated skin nodules disappeared and had not recurred after 5 months, 1 year, and 4 years, respectively. Tumor shrinkage or symptoms of relief were noted for three abdominal lymph nodes, one neck lymph node, one pleural tumor, and one lung tumor. Clinical improvement associated with a stable lesion was observed in two patients with brain metastasis. Follow-up revealed regrowth of the tumor or recurrence of symptoms in most of the patients. However, none of the patients died as a direct result of a metastatic lesion. Although external radiation therapy is palliative in intent, it appears to be useful in the treatment of HCC and its metastatic lesions.
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PMID:Radiotherapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and its metastases. 133 95

Activity and side-effects of clodronate (Ostac), an inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption, were recorded in an open prospective uncontrolled study on 35 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer. All patients had progressive symptomatic bone metastases despite prior hormone therapy. Clodronate was initially administered i.v. for 8 days with 300 mg/day. This was followed by a daily oral administration of 1600 mg. The analgesic effect was evaluated by using a visual analogue scale and by recording the daily consumption of analgesic drugs. Karnofsky index and routine blood examinations, including PSA, were assessed. Repeated bone scans and radiological evaluations were performed. An improvement in pain was observed in 71% of the patients. The mean duration of improvement was 4 weeks. Average survival time was 12 weeks. There were no side-effects after i.v. administration. Slight gastrointestinal discomfort was observed in 3 patients after oral administration. No effect was observed on the extent or biology of the metastases. Clodronate is an effective drug for palliative treatment of symptomatic bone metastases of prostatic carcinoma. It causes fewer and less pronounced side effects than other palliative drug therapies.
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PMID:[Clodronate in the palliative therapy of bone-metastasized prostatic carcinoma]. 137 55

Clodronate (Ostac) is a specific inhibitor of osteolysis from the group of biphosphonates. The efficacy and side effects of palliative treatment with the substance were investigated in an open prospective non-controlled pilot study in 41 patients with advanced, progressive, hormone-resistant prostatic carcinoma. All patients suffered from symptomatic bone metastases. Initially, they underwent an 8-day saturation course with 300 mg clodronate i.v. per day. A good to very good analgesic effect was achieved within 3 to 5 days in 29 patients (71%). The mean duration of action was 7 weeks and the mean survival time 12 weeks. There were no side effects after i.v. administration. Slight gastrointestinal discomfort was reported in 3 patients following oral administration. Delayed progression of the metastases was not observed. Clodronate is a promising addition to the other therapeutic possibilities in hormone-resistant prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Biphosphonates as an adjunct to palliative therapy of bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma. A pilot study on clodronate. 750 26

A 58-year-old male complaining of pollakisuria, miction pain and back pain visited us Dec. 26, 1979. Rectal examination revealed the prostate enlarged by 5 digital width, stony hard and irregular. Transrectal needle biopsy revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Bladder neck invasion, pelvic and mediastinal lymph node metastases and multiple bone metastases were found. The case was diagnosed with prostatic adenocarcinoma T3N2M1 (OSS, LYM) stage D2. Three courses of chemotherapy using ifosfamide applied from Feb. 2, 1980 showed no marked effect except for partial pain relief. Hormonal treatment with diethylstilbestrol diphosphate was started from May 28 and arterial infusion chemotherapy using CDDP and 5-FU was performed 2 months later, resulting in size reduction of the prostate and pelvic lymph node metastases and disappearance of mediastinal lymph node metastases. Needle biopsy of the prostate was negative for cancer cells. After 8 months, Tegafur was started, and 12 months later radiotherapy was added to the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes. The abnormal accumulation in bone scan began to decrease after 14 months and achieved complete remission 28 months after the initial therapy. We discontinued the hormonal therapy 31 months later because of his complaint of chest discomfort and palpitation. At the present time, 14 years after the initial therapy, the prostate was 35 x 29 x 19 mm in size on transrectal ultrasonography with undetectable serum PSA level and no tumor cells but only mass fibrosis has been seen by pathological examinations. We considered this patient to be with no evidence of disease.
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PMID:[A case of completely responding stage D2 prostatic cancer with no evidence of disease 14 years after diagnosis]. 780 48

A case of primary and malignant melanoma of the esophagus was reported. A 64-year-old male complaining of discomfort of anterior chest pain was admitted to our hospital for operation. Findings of upper G-1 X-ray and endoscopic examination revealed suspiciously malignant melanoma. Subtotal thoracic esophagectomy with R III dissection was performed. Operative findings included A0 N2 Pl0 M0 Stage III. Macroscopically it showed black-grayish colored polypoid tumors, 7 cm in size. The typical finding of junctional activity adjacent to the tumor mass and melanocytes were microscopically found. The patient received postoperative systemic chemotherapy, but was died of multiple liver and bone metastases 125 days after surgery. Malignant melanoma of the esophagus has extremely poor prognosis and none of effective therapies has been reported.
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PMID:[A case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus]. 913 41

One hundred and fourteen patients with painful bone metastases participated in this randomised, dose-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 153Sm-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), a systemically administered radiopharmaceutical. Fifty-five patients received single doses of 0.5 mCi/kg and 59 patients received single doses of 1.0 mCi/kg. Treatment with 153-Sm-EDTMP produced improvement from baseline in all patient-rated efficacy assessments, including degree of pain, level of daytime discomfort, quality of sleep and pain relief. During the first 4 weeks after dose administration, when the patients evaluated efficacy daily, there were statistically significant changes from baseline with the 1.0 mCi/kg dose but not with the 0.5 mCi/kg dose. The difference between doses in visual analogue pain scores was statistically significant at week 4 (P = 0.0476). Among subsets of patients examined, female patients with breast cancer receiving 1.0 mCi/kg had the most noticeable improvement. The physicians judged that approximately half of the patients in each dose group were experiencing some degree of pain relief by week 2. This value increased to 55% for the 0.5 mCi/kg group and 70% for the 1.0 mCi/kg group at week 4. More patients in the higher dose group (54%) than in the lower dose group (44%) completed the 16-week study. A predictable level of dose-related marrow suppression was the only toxicity associated with 153Sm-EDTMP treatment. Values for platelets and WBCs reached nadirs at 3 or 4 weeks with both doses and recovered by 8 weeks. Even at their lowest point, the values were generally higher than those associated with infectious or haemorrhagic complications. Myelotoxicity was no greater in female patients than in male patients. Long-term follow-up revealed longer survival among breast cancer patients who had received the higher dose than among those who had received the lower dose. The results suggest that the 1.0 mCi/kg dose of 153Sm-EDTMP is safe and effective for the treatment of painful bone metastases.
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PMID:A dose-controlled study of 153Sm-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP) in the treatment of patients with painful bone metastases. 938 19

Bisphosphonates are used in oncology as a means of decreasing complications due to bone metastases, in association with anticancer treatment, especially in patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer and myeloma. Little is known about the effects of bisphosphonates on bone metastases from other tumors and in particular from tumors for which no effective treatment is available. We conducted a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of oral clodronate in patients with bone metastases from tumors poorly responsive to chemotherapy, with the aims of evaluating the effects of this drug on symptoms control and bone metastases evolution. Sixty-six patients with poorly responsive tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bladder cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, kidney cancer, melanoma and metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin entered the study. Patients were randomized to receive either clodronate 1,600 mg/day for one year or identical placebo-containing tablets. Various parameters such as Karnofsky performance status, pain score (measured by a visual-analogue scale) and analgesic requirement were recorded at monthly intervals. Of the 66 patients enrolled, 9 were observed for one month or less; 7 were followed for two months; only 50 patients were followed for more than 2 months and could be adequately evaluated. At 3 months both clodronate and placebo-treated patients had a decrease in Karnofsky performance status, with the decrease being more evident in the placebo group. Mean pain scores showed an increase of pain in patients receiving placebo and a decrease of pain in patients receiving clodronate, although the difference failed to be statistically significant. Analgesics requirement increased in both groups, but significantly more in patients receiving placebo (p = 0.042), in whom increase in opioid requirements was particularly evident. Toxicity was low, with occasional gastroenteric discomfort in both groups. The main problem of this study was the difficulty in recruiting an adequate number of patients and following them for a sufficient period of time: general conditions rapidly deteriorated in many patients, and approximately 25% of the 66 enrolled were not considered evaluable; few patients survived for the length of the study, one year. This might partly account for the lack of significance of some of the parameters under study. With these limits, oral clodronate demonstrated some efficacy in symptom control and in reducing the need for analgesics.
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PMID:A double blind randomized study of oral clodronate in the treatment of bone metastases from tumors poorly responsive to chemotherapy. 970 May 83

Nuclear medicine techniques play an important role in (re)staging and treatment of prostate carcinoma patients. These techniques are reviewed in this paper. For many years, bone scanning has been a valuable tool for the evaluation of bone metastases. Although utilized in a more refined way since the introduction of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement, it is still the procedure of choice in patients with higher-grade or higher-stage tumors and elevated or rising PSA levels. Labeled monoclonal antibodies have been found to have some utility in the clinic for the evaluation of disseminated malignant prostate disease and position emission tomography holds promise for the metabolic characterization of prostate cancer. Several agents are available for radionuclide therapy for bone pain palliation in patients with metastasis, improving pain with minimal side effects or discomfort to the patient. Nuclear medicine techniques in prostate carcinoma are far from obsolete. On the contrary, they are evolving and offer unique opportunities for the management of these patients. The bone scan remains useful in well-defined stages of disease, and palliative therapeutic options are evolving. At present, monoclonal antibodies and PET are not very useful in daily clinical practice.
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PMID:Nuclear medicine techniques for the diagnosis and therapy of prostate carcinoma. 1168 45

Traditionally, withdrawal of thyroid hormone has been used to attain the increase in serum TSH concentrations that are believed to optimize the trapping and retention of radioiodine for diagnostic procedures, thyroid remnant ablation and treatment of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, withdrawal frequently causes clinical hypothyroidism, with resultant cognitive impairment, emotional dysfunction, physical discomfort, health risks in patients who are elderly, frail or have concomitant illness, and impaired quality of life and ability to work. Recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) was developed to provide TSH stimulation without withdrawal of thyroid hormone and the associated morbidity. rhTSH has been approved as an adjunct for diagnostic procedures in patients with DTC, but is currently an experimental aid in thyroid remnant ablation and the treatment of thyroid tumours. In the period 1997-2004, nearly 30 medical centres worldwide have reported on almost 400 patients with DTC who were given rhTSH in preparation for radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants or treatment of local tumours of metastatic disease. We have analysed and summarized the findings reported in this literature. Ablation aided by the standard course of rhTSH, two consecutive daily injections of 0.9 mg, had success rates better than 84% in 90 patients given radioiodine activities in excess of 4000 MBq. However, when 1110 MBq was administered, success rates were 81.2% in 16 patients given the standard course of rhTSH and 4-day withdrawal of thyroid hormone around the time of radioiodine administration in one study, but 54% in 70 patients in another study. rhTSH-aided treatment of persistent or recurrent local or metastatic cancer, or both, with from one to six courses of radioiodine 1000-19055 MBq, achieved 2% complete remission, 36% partial response and 27% disease stabilization rates, for a 65% clinical benefit rate, in 115 primarily elderly, late-stage patients for whom responses were reported. Twelve of these patients died as a result of progressive disease or were discharged from hospital into hospice care. Generally, rhTSH was very well tolerated. However, in a minority of patients with central nervous system, spinal or bone metastases, or bulky thyroid remnant or neck lesions with or without poor pulmonary reserve, administration of rhTSH, like thyroid hormone withdrawal, was found to stimulate expansion of the tumour, with ensuing compression of key anatomical structures and neurological, respiratory or other clinical complications. The rapid onset, response to glucocorticoids and radiological findings of peritumoural oedema or, less commonly, haemorrhage in the published cases, strongly suggest that the tumour expansion was the result of swelling rather than growth. As in the case of thyroid hormone withdrawal, special attention and glucocorticoid premedication are thus warranted when rhTSH is given to patients known or suspected to have the above characteristics. Dosimetric data suggest that whole-body and whole-blood radioiodine clearance may be faster in euthyroid patients after administration of rhTSH. In theory, the faster clearance could allow, or demand, increased radioiodine activities when rhTSH is used, but clinical data to date suggest that this may be unnecessary. The faster clearance also might result in safety or convenience benefits with the use of rhTSH, such as decreased exposure of extrathyroid areas to radiation, and shorter hospital stays. In conclusion, in preliminary results from open-label studies, both rhTSH-aided tumour ablation and treatment have been well tolerated and have shown efficacy in substantial proportions of patients. rhTSH-aided ablation merits further study. rhTSH-aided treatment may be preferred in patients who are at greater risk of hypothyroid complications from withdrawal of thyroid hormone or are unable to produce sufficient endogenous TSH, and warrants additional investigation in younger patients at earlier stages of thyroid cancer.
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PMID:rhTSH-aided radioiodine ablation and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a comprehensive review. 1578 38


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