Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153690 (bone metastases)
 6,382 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the paper is to outline the current treatment strategies in lung cancer focusing on the possibile role of radiotherapy. METHOD: It defines the place of radiotherapy at the main histological types and stadiums proposing indications according to evidence based medicine. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy is mandatory in non-operated NSCLC st. I-II in perioperative or palliative management of superior sulcus tumours; in the combined modality treatment of limited SCLC and in postoperative adjustment of resected single brain metastasis of lung cancer. It is optional after NSCLC segmentectomy; in palliation or postoperative adjuvation of NSCLC st. III Radiotherapy can be chosen as a part of best supportive care at NSCLC st. IV extensive SCLC and in case of multiple brain or localised lytic bone metastases.
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PMID:[Radiotherapy in lung cancer. Mandatory or optional?] 1205 Jul 48

Periostin is a recently identified gene that is preferentially expressed in periosteum, indicating a potential role in bone formation and maintenance of structure. We independently identified and isolated periostin from cancer tissue, using the palindromic PCR-driven cDNA Differential Display technique. For the present work, we developed a novel sandwich chemiluminescence assay to detect serum periostin level using newly developed monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. We investigated serum periostin levels in breast cancer and small cell lung cancer patients, especially in patients with bone metastasis. The study included 58 breast cancer and 44 small cell lung cancer patients. Serum periostin levels were elevated in breast cancer patients presenting with bone metastases (92.0 +/- 28.6 ng/ml) compared to similar breast cancer patients without evidence of bone metastasis (55.0 +/- 16.6 ng/ml, p = 0.04). No correlation was found between the serum periostin level and any other prognostic factors, such as clinical stage and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Serum periostin levels thus appear to serve as a marker of bone metastasis from breast cancer. In contrast, serum periostin levels were similar in samples from patients with small cell lung cancer who did or did not have bone metastasis. However, increasing T-stage and N-stage of patients with small cell lung cancer were correlated with higher periostin levels (T4, 126.5 +/- 29.7 ng/ml v.s. T2, 64.9 +/- 16.1 ng/ml, p = 0.03; and T4 v.s. T1, 36.3+/- 7.5 ng/ml, p = 0.01; N3, 108.7 +/- 17.3 ng/ml v.s. N2, 49.7+/- 10.9 ng/ml, p = 0.01). Periostin has a substantial homology with the insect cell adhesion molecule, fasciclin I. Thus, expression of periostin may facilitate tumor cell adhesion to the bone surface. In fact, we found by in situ RNA hybridization, that the periostin gene was highly expressed in the stromal cells immediately surrounding the tumor, but not within the breast cancer cells themselves.
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PMID:Elevated serum periostin levels in patients with bone metastases from breast but not lung cancer. 1260 24

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel as second-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thirty-four patients with advanced NSCLC received docetaxel 75 mg/m2 (1-h intravenous infusion) every 3 weeks, with corticosteroid premedication. Of 28 evaluable cases, 18 were adenocarcinoma, 3 squamous cell, 3 large cell and 4 undifferentiated carcinoma. There were 16 male and 12 female patients with a median age of 55 (37-73) years and their median Karnofsky performance status was 70 per cent (60-90%). Five cases (19.2%) had liver metastases, 3 (11.5%) brain metastases, 6 (23%) bone metastases, and 17 (65.3%) metastatic nodules in the lung. Seventeen cases (50%) had received cisplatin-based and 12 (12/34, 35.3%) paclitaxel plus carboplatin prior to entering the present study. Besides chemotherapy, seven cases had received prior thoracic irradiation and two whole brain irradiation. Two cases had prior surgery for malignant pleural effusion and one had thoracotomy for the resection of the primary tumor. The time from the last dose of chemotherapy to the start of this study was less than 6 months in 20 cases, 6-12 months in 9, 12-24 months in 3 and more than 24 months in 2 cases. One patient with initial small cell lung cancer had developed NSCLC before entering this study. Three out of 28 cases achieved partial response (10.7%) and 13 out of 28 achieved stable disease (46.5%). The median survival time was 23.8 weeks. Neutropenia, grade 3 and 4 occurred in 38.8 per cent of all cycles. Skin rashes, diarrhea, asthenia, alopecia, neuropathy and edema were common non-hematologic toxicities. Docetaxel should be considered as second line chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC when primary chemotherapy including cisplatin and/or paclitaxel had failed.
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PMID:Docetaxel as second-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 1267 67

In this study, the correlation between distant metastases and metastatic organ-specific abnormalities in patients with lung cancer was evaluated. There were 197 patients who have lung cancer with distant metastases in this study. 141 (71.5%) of them were nonsmall cell lung cancer and 56 (28.5%) of them were small cell lung cancer. While one site of liver, brain and bone metastases were detected in 128 (64.9%) patients, remainders (69 patients, 35.1%) had surrenal, renal, pancreatic, skin, lung, thyroid, abdominal lymph node metastases. Organ-specific symptoms, findings on physical examination and abnormalities in laboratory data were detected in 121 (56.5%), 45 (21%) and 52 (24.2 %) patients, respectively. Sensitivity of predilection of organ-specific symptoms for bone, liver and brain metastases were 67%, 43% and 74% and specificity were 86%, 90% and 76%, respectively. We concluded that organ-specific abnormalities were not so effective to predict metastases in lung cancer. We considered that this result could be due to retrospective analysis and not included enough patients.
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PMID:[The correlation between the distant metastases and organ-specific symptoms in the patients with lung cancer]. 1514 67

Zoledronic acid (Zometa, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) is a new generation of bisphosphonates (BPs) with demonstrated clinical benefit in breast and prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. The safety and efficacy of intravenous zoledronic acid in lung cancer patients was assessed. In 86 patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and bone metastases, 4 mg of zoledronic acid was administered with rapid 15-minute intravenous infusion every 3-4 weeks. A total of 414 infusions were administered over a 24-month period during which a statistically significant decrease in serum calcium levels (p = 0.03) was observed. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) also decreased but not significantly. With regard to clinical efficacy, 55 of our patients stabilized or reduced their need for analgesic treatment. No significant side-effects, including fever, hemodynamic instability and renal dysfunction, were seen. We conclude that the rapid infusion of zoledronic acid is safe and convenient for lung cancer patients even after the 3rd and 6th months follow-up.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of zoledronic acid rapid infusion in lung cancer patients with bone metastases: a single institution experience. 1838 97

The osteoblastic response (OR) phenomenon as a healing reaction during effective chemotherapy-defined by the appearance of new osteoblastic bone lesions while disease response in other tumor sites was well documented-has previously been described for breast and prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate this phenomenon that could erroneously be interpreted as progressive disease in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to establish guidelines for interpretation of follow-up computed tomography (CT) examinations in this situation. Twenty-four patients with newly diagnosed SCLC and bone metastases were retrospectively included in this study. The characteristics of bone lesions in CT examinations were correlated with bone scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging, if available. In target lesions the CT density quantified in Hounsfield units (HU) was evaluated at baseline and during follow-up. New osteoblastic lesions occurred during follow-up in 17 of 24 patients. OR was proven in 4 patients and considered most likely in 11 patients; mean density increase in target lesions was 153 HU. The study indicates that osteoblastic response as a healing reaction seems to occur in the majority of patients with SCLC and bone metastases and should not be misinterpreted as progressive disease.
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PMID:Osteoblastic response as a healing reaction to chemotherapy mimicking progressive disease in patients with small cell lung cancer. 1867 88

Bone metastases occur in more than one-third of patients with advanced lung cancer and are difficult to treat. We showed previously the therapeutic effect of a third-generation bisphosphonate, minodronate, and anti-parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) neutralizing antibody on bone metastases induced by the human small cell lung cancer cell line, SBC-5, in natural killer cell-depleted severe combined immunodeficient mice. The purpose of our current study was to examine the effect of the combination of PTHrP antibody and zoledronic acid, which has been approved to treat bone metastases, against bone metastases produced by SBC-5 cells expressing PTHrP. Treatment with PTHrP antibody and/or zoledronic acid did not affect the proliferation of SBC-5 cells in vitro. Repeated treatments with either PTHrP antibody or zoledronic acid inhibited the formation of osteolytic bone metastases of SBC-5 cells but had no effect on metastases to visceral organs. Importantly, combined treatment with PTHrP antibody and zoledronic acid further inhibited the formation of bone metastases. Histologic assays showed that, compared with either PTHrP antibody or zoledronic acid alone, their combination decreased the number of tumor-associated osteoclasts and increased the number of apoptotic tumor cells. These findings suggest that this novel dual-targeting therapy may be useful for controlling bone metastases in a subpopulation of small cell lung cancer patients.
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PMID:Intensification therapy with anti-parathyroid hormone-related protein antibody plus zoledronic acid for bone metastases of small cell lung cancer cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice. 1913 20

The aim of this study was to investigate several bone markers in Non-Small Cell Lung (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung (SCLC) patients experiencing or not secondary bony disease. Fasting serum levels of bone formation, bone resorption, and osteoclastogenesis markers were determined in 22 NSCLC patients with bone metastases, 18 without bone metastasis, and 28 SCLC patients. A total of 29 healthy volunteers were also included in the study. Decreased osteocalcin (OC) serum levels and increased osteopontin and ligand of the receptor of nuclear factor kB (RANKL) serum levels were detected in NCSLC patients with bone metastases while increased C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen and increased RANKL/OPG (osteoprotegerin) ratio were detected in SCLC patients. Increased serum levels of OPG were observed in all lung cancer patients. OPG may be actively involved in the development of lung cancer metastasis. Furthermore, OC, OPN, and RANKL in NSCLC and CTX and RANKL in SCLC patients may also have a broader role in the pathogenesis and spread of lung cancer. They also provide useful information in identifying the group of patients that may benefit from a more rigorous treatment.
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PMID:Serum bone turnover markers may be involved in the metastatic potential of lung cancer patients. 1937 66

A novel role for calcineurin (Cn) has been reported recently regarding the oncogenic potential in pancreatic and colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the putative causal role calcineurin could play in the development of lung cancer with bone metastases. We found that CnAalpha, an isoform of calcineurin, was significantly overexpressed in lung cancer tissues with bone metastasis as compared to tumors with non-bone metastases as investigated by RT-PCR. Strong nuclear staining of tumor cells was observed in small cell lung cancer tissues with bone metastasis. Conversely, cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells was observed in small cell lung cancer tissues with non-bone metastasis. Western blots of nuclear proteins from lung cancer tissues indicated that CnAalpha was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues with bone metastases, but not in those with non-bone metastases. In vitro, it was demonstrated that the CnAalpha gene obviously promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apotosis. The CnAalpha gene affected the cell cycle and promoted G1[Symbol: see text]S transition in SBC-3 cells. Transfection with the CnAalpha gene promoted cell migration and invasion. These results indicated that CnAalpha may affect the biological behavior of the human small cell lung cancer cell line SBC-3 in vitro and may be a candidate tumor promotor gene for developing bone metastases.
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PMID:Calcineurin promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of small cell lung cancer. 2042 45

Lung cancer frequently develops multiple organ metastases, which thus makes this disease a leading cause of malignancy-related death worldwide. A gender difference is reported to affect the incidence and mortality of lung cancer; however, whether and how the gender difference is involved in lung cancer metastasis is unclear. This study evaluated the gender difference in multiple organ metastases in human small cell lung cancer (SBC-5) cells by using natural killer cell-depleted severe combined immunodeficient mice. Among multiple organ metastases, only bone metastasis formation significantly increased in female mice in comparison to males, while no significant difference was observed in the metastases to the liver and lungs. The suppression of androgen by castration or androgen receptor antagonist treatment in male mice also induced a significant increase of bone metastases. The number of osteoclasts in the bone metastatic lesions was greater in female mice and in mice with androgen suppression than in control male. However, there was no significant difference in the serum concentration of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) associated with gender or androgen suppression. An in vitro study also indicated that sex steroid treatment had no effect on the proliferation or PTHrP production in SBC-5 cells. These results indicate that the balance of sex steroids therefore plays an important role in the formation of bone metastasis in small cell lung cancer, and suggests diverse mechanisms of interaction between cancer cells and host cells in the bone microenvironment.
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PMID:Gender difference in bone metastasis of human small cell lung cancer, SBC-5 cells in natural killer-cell depleted severe combined immunodeficient mice. 2046 27


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