Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153690 (bone metastases)
 6,382 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Position emission tomography (PET) was performed on two patients with hormone-refractory prostatic adenocarcinoma in order to characterize the mechanism behind an earlier observed increased uptake of tracer hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in bone metastases. The osseous metastases were investigated with 5-hydroxytryptophan, radio-labelled with 11C in the carboxyl group (5-HTC), and with 5-HTP in order to elucidate in vivo the presence of hydroxytryptophan decarboxylation. An increased uptake, measured as standard uptake value (SUV), in the metastatic lesions was observed using 5-HTP. The uptake varied between lesions. Using 5-HTC a corresponding uptake was observed. The time-activity rates were similar. The congruence in uptake patterns between 5-HTP and 5-HTC in the investigated lesions, demonstrates that decarboxylation of 5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin is not a dominant factor in the uptake. It was concluded that 5-HTC could be used in vivo to investigate the chemical event of decarboxylation of 5-hydroxytryptophan and provide information about characteristics in metastatic lesions.
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PMID:PET with hydroxytryptophan as tracer in hormone-refractory prostatic adenocarcinoma: evaluation of decarboxylation in vivo. 942 38

Thirty-two patients with cT2 prostatic adenocarcinoma underwent a protocol of combined treatment based on: neoadjuvant hormonotherapy (LH-RH analogues + antiandrogens) and concomitant external radiotherapy (ERT), two months before ERT until the end of it; ERT to the entire pelvis (45 Gy) with a boost dose to the prostatic volume (+20 Gy). All patients completed the planned treatment. Acute toxicity was moderate (Gr 1-2 RTOG). At a median follow-up of 22 months (range: 6-68) one patient (3.1%) showed bone metastases while none had local disease progression. Overall 5 year survival and disease-free survival were 100% and 97% respectively. Late toxicity was mild (Gr 1 RTOG: intestinal: 3.1%; urological: 21.9%). The protocol was shown to be feasible with no relevant toxicity. Even if the follow-up was short, results achieved in this group of potentially resectable prostatic cancer patients seem to confirm the possibility of achieving results comparable to those of surgery with no relevant impairment of urinary and intestinal function, thus with an acceptable quality of life.
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PMID:Organ preservation in the management of prostatic cancer. 944 52

An 86-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of gross hematuria. Urological examination revealed right hydronephrosis and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with bone metastases. Abdominal computed tomographic scan and retrograde pyelography showed thickening of the ureteral wall with irregular stenosis in the right upper ureter. Right nephroureterectomy demonstrated diffuse lymphatic infiltration of PSA-positive cancer cells in the submucosa and muscle layer of the ureter as well as renal pelvis. This is the 6th reported case of metastatic ureteral tumor from prostate cancer in the Japanese literature.
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PMID:[Metastatic tumor of renal pelvis and ureter from prostatic cancer: a case report]. 1036 50

Estrogens have been implicated in prostatic cancerogenesis and tumor progression. The mechanisms underlying estrogen signaling in human prostate tissue, however, remain poorly understood. Using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques, the present study demonstrates the classical estrogen receptor (ERalpha) in premalignant lesions and prostatic adenocarcinoma through the various stages of the disease. Conversely, the novel characterized ERbeta subtype was undetectable in human prostate tissue. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia revealed ERalpha mRNA and protein expression in 28% and 11% of cases evaluated. Focal ER immunoreactivity was detected in a minority of low- to intermediate-grade adenocarcinoma. High-grade (primary Gleason grade 4 and 5) tumors revealed ER protein expression in 43% (62% respectively) of cases. The most significant ERalpha gene expression on mRNA and protein levels was observed in hormone refractory tumors and metastatic lesions, including lymph node and bone metastases. Results of the current study suggest that estrogens can affect prostatic cancerogenesis and neoplastic progression through an ER-mediated process in human prostate tissue.
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PMID:Estrogen receptor expression in prostate cancer and premalignant prostatic lesions. 1043 57

A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a complaint of lumbago. Digital rectal examination showed an enlarged, irregular prostate with stony hardness. The serum level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was elevated. Abdominal computed tomography showed enlarged common iliac and paraaortic lymph nodes, and multiple liver metastases. Bone scintigraphy showed multiple bone metastases. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations indicated small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Chemotherapy could not be performed due to acute hepatic failure. The patient died 1 month after his first visit.
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PMID:[A case of prostatic small cell carcinoma]. 1093 15

Metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma (prostate cancer) are characterized by their predilection for bone and typical osteoblastic features. An in vitro model of bone metastases from prostate cancer was developed using a bicompartment coculture system of mouse osteoblasts and human prostate cancer cells. In this model, the bone-derived prostate cancer cell lines MDA PCa 2a and MDA PCa 2b induced a specific and reproducible increase in osteoblast proliferation. Moreover, these cells were able to induce osteoblast differentiation, as assessed by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, Osteocalcin expression, and calcified matrix formation. This osteoblastic reaction was confirmed in vivo by intrafemoral injection of MDA PCa 2b cells into severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice. In contrast, the highly undifferentiated, bone-derived human prostate cancer cell line PC3 did not produce an osteoblastic reaction in vitro and induced osteolytic lesions in vivo. The osteoblast differentiation induced by MDA PCa 2b cells was associated with up-regulation of the osteoblast-specific transcriptor factor Cbfa1. Moreover, treatment of osteoblasts with conditioned medium obtained from MDA PCa 2b cells resulted in up-regulation of Cbfa1 and Osteocalcin expression. In support of the differentiation studies, a microarray analysis showed that primary mouse osteoblasts grown in the presence of MDA PCa 2b cells showed a shift in the pattern of gene expression with an increase in mRNA-encoding Procollagen type I and Osteopontin and a decrease in mRNA-encoding proteins associated with myoblast differentiation, namely myoglobin and myosin light-chain 2. Taken together, these findings suggest that the bone-derived prostate cancer cells MDA PCa 2a and MDA PCa 2b promote differentiation of osteoblast precursors to an osteoblastic phenotype through a Cbfa1-dependent pathway. These results also established that soluble factors produced by prostate cancer cells can induce expression of osteoblast-specific genes. This in vitro model provides a valuable system to isolate molecules secreted by prostate cancer cells that favor osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, it allows to screen for therapeutic agents blocking the osteoblast response to prostate cancer.
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PMID:Prostate cancer cells induce osteoblast differentiation through a Cbfa1-dependent pathway. 1145 20

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide is a regulatory protein implicated in the pathogenesis of bone metastases, particularly in breast carcinoma. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide is widely expressed in primary prostate cancers but there are few reports of its expression in prostatic metastases. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor in matched primary and in bone metastatic tissue from patients with untreated adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Eight-millimetre trephine iliac crest bone biopsies containing metastatic prostate cancer were obtained from 14 patients from whom matched primary tumour tissue was also available. Histological grading was performed by an independent pathologist. The cellular location of mRNA for parathyroid hormone-related peptide and parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor was identified using in situ hybridization with (35)S-labelled probe. Expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor was described as uniform, heterogenous or negative within the tumour cell population. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression was positive in 13 out of 14 primary tumours and in all 14 metastases. Receptor expression was evident in all 14 primaries and 12 out of 14 metastases. Co-expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor was common (13 primary tumours, 12 metastases). The co-expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor suggest that autocrine parathyroid hormone-related peptide mediated stimulation may be a mechanism of escape from normal growth regulatory pathways. The high frequency of parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression in metastases is consistent with a role in the pathogenesis of bone metastases.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone related peptide and receptor expression in paired primary prostate cancer and bone metastases. 1187 91

We report two cases of paraneoplastic remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma. One of the patients was positive for Helicobacter pylori and the other had secondary bone metastases. In the latter, the clinical picture of RS3PE developed after surgical intervention for the primary lesion. On physical examination, while the hands and feet were swollen in the first patient, pitting edema was present only at the feet of the other. All joints of the affected hands and feet were painful. Serological tests including rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, and human leukocyte antigen B27 were all negative. Response to low-dose corticosteroid treatment was delayed in the first patient, but the symptoms were relieved better in the second one.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE syndrome): a report of two cases and review of the literature. 1459 91

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is a regulatory protein associated with cell growth in non-osseous tissues and with osteoclast stimulation in bone. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone metastases, particularly in breast carcinoma. PTHrP is widely expressed in primary prostate cancers, but there are few reports of its expression in prostatic metastases. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of PTHrP in bone metastases from patients with untreated adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Ten bone biopsies containing metastatic deposits of untreated prostatic cancer were identified. These were immunohistochemically stained for PTHrP using a murine monoclonal antibody (PTHLP[Ab1]) and the streptavidin-biotin complex technique. Intensity of staining for PTHrP was graded by two observers. In total, PTHrP expression was positive in 5/10 specimens. This was graded as moderate in four and weak in one. In those specimens with positive staining, the expression varied between cells. There was no obvious association between expression of PTHrP and tumour differentiation. PTHrP is expressed in prostatic bone metastases and may have a role in their pathogenesis and pathophysiology. However, expression is not universal.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone-related peptide: expression in prostate cancer bone metastases. 1519 32

A 76-year-old man had been treated with maximum androgen blockade therapy for a poorly-differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma (T3cN1M0, prostate specific antigen (PSA) 65 ng/ml, Gleason Score 4+5=9) since September 2002. By August 2003, his serum PSA levels were undetectable and the lymph node swelling had vanished. However, in December 2004, his serum PSA levels started rising gradually up to 0.66 ng/ml. Radiation therapy on the prostate was then performed (66 Gy). At that time, no metastasis was detected by computed tomography and bone scintigraphy. In August 2005, multiple bone metastases were detected. Immunohistochemical examination of a biopsy specimen from the bone lesion revealed a small cell carcinoma/neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. He died with undetectable PSA levels (less than 0.008 ng/ml) in December 2005. The autopsy showed multiple organ metastases including bone, liver, lungs and others. The immunohistochemical examination revealed pure small cell carcinoma in all metastatic lesions. A precise histological examination of the lungs using a 1 cm serial section could not reveal any tumors compatible with primary lung cancer. We concluded from the clinical history and autopsy findings that his initial poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate dedifferentiated into a pure small cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation.
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PMID:[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate: a case report]. 1793 47


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