Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153690 (bone metastases)
 6,382 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride and 5-fluorouracil was evaluated in 21 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate who were unresponsive to conventional therapy. All patients had extensive bone metastases. Of the 21 patients 5 (29 per cent) had a subjective response and an additional 12 (57 per cent) remained stable for 2 to 13 months after initiation of therapy. The median survival of patients with a subjective response was 60 weeks compared to 40 weeks for the stable patients. Patients who progressed on therapy had a median survival of 22 weeks. The significant response rate with a corresponding improvement in survival for patients on this 3-drug regimen suggests a need for additional trials to determine the response rate and survival compared to single agents.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride and 5-fluorouracil in advanced carcinoma of the prostate. 50 16

Bone marrow acid phosphatase has been reported to be a sensitive indicator of early bony metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, we measured bone marrow acid and alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, and calcium levels in a group of 84 patients with a variety of problems, including 18 with cancer of the prostate. We found that the bone marrow acid and alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase were elevated and calcium was depressed in most patients. Among patients with prostate cancer, bone marrow acid phosphatase was not significantly different between those with or without bone metastases. In addition, the patients with prostatic cancer did not have higher levels of bone marrow acid phosphatase than subjects with other malignant and nonmalignant conditions. The level of acid and alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and calcium varied predictably with the aspiration technique used and was independent of sex, disease state or method of chemical determination. Due to this variation, we believe that bone marrow enzyme and calcium levels are of no value in the detection of metastases in patients with prostate cancer.
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PMID:Lack of usefulness of bone marrow enzymes and calcium in staging patients with prostatic cancer. 63 3

Bone scans with 99mtechnetium diphosphonate were performed on 2 patients with gynecomastia induced by diethylstilbestrol therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Neither patient had evidence of bone metastases but both scans revealed increased isotope concentration over the anterior rib cage at the lateral margin of the chest wall, corresponding in location to the hypertrophic breasts. This observation may be related to similar radionuclide uptake in normal and abnormal female breasts. One should not mistake the finding of gynecomastia for metastases of the ribs.
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PMID:Gynecomastia demonstrated on the bone scan. 87 1

Patients (219) with prostatic adenocarcinoma were classified on the basis of whether or not their bone scans were positive for metastasis. Acid and alkaline phosphatase determinations and clinical evaluations for bone metastases were reviewed. Of those with proved metastases, 43% had no bone pain, 39% had normal acid phosphatase levels, 23% normal alkaline phosphatase levels, 19% normal levels of both enzymes, and 15% normal enzyme levels without bone pain. Twenty-four per cent of the patients with normal enzyme levels and clinically unsuspected bone metastases had bone scans which proved positive for metastasis; 62% of these had normal radiographs.
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PMID:Comparison of enzyme, clinical, radiographic, and radionuclide methods of detecting bone metastases from carcinoma of the prostate. 98 22

Metastatic frequency to various organ sites in 137 autopsy cases with histologically confirmed prostatic adenocarcinoma was examined retrospectively. Bone lymph node metastases were observed in 81% and 82.5% of the cases, respectively. Lung and liver metastases were noted in 46.7% and 30.7% of the cases respectively. Statistical analysis of the inter-relation among metastases to the bones, lymph nodes, lungs and liver revealed that 83.2% of cases with lymph node metastasis also had bone metastasis. Sixty out of 64 cases with lung metastasis also presented with bone metastasis. There was a significant correlation of metastases between bones and lymph nodes, bones and lungs, and lymph nodes and lungs. Although approximately 88% of cases with liver metastasis also had bone metastasis, this relationship was not statistically significant. there was a statistically significant relationship between lung metastasis and specific sites of bone metastases, i.e. vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. Using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistical method, we found that the metastatic combination between lung and bone was significantly related in cases with or without lymph node metastasis. These observations suggest that the Batson's vertebral system might play an important role in the metastatic spread of prostatic adenocarcinoma either to the bones or lungs.
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PMID:Analysis of bone metastasis of prostatic adenocarcinoma in 137 autopsy cases. 149 15

To clarify the role of standard chest radiography in prostatic adenocarcinoma, the pulmonary manifestations of 198 patients with Stage D disease were evaluated. All patients were treated with chemotherapeutic protocols allowing for adequate clinical and radiographic correlation. Retrospective interpretation of serial chest radiographs revealed that 35% of our patients had visible intrathoracic abnormalities; however, only 24% of the patients had abnormalities attributable to intrathoracic metastases. Twenty-two percent of patients had pleural effusions, 16% reticular opacities, 3.5% reticulonodular opacities, 8% isolated or discrete pulmonary nodules, and 4.5% adenopathy. Etiologies of these opacities included metastatic disease in 93.5% of those with adenopathy and nodular or reticulonodular opacities, but 39% of pleural effusions and 52% of reticular opacities were best attributed to concomitant processes. Four patients had intrathoracic metastases without bone metastases. Standard chest radiography is a valuable screening procedure that should be correlated with clinical data to differentiate metastases from concomitant processes.
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PMID:Advanced prostatic carcinoma: pulmonary manifestations. 257 78

Fifty-four subjects were studied: 36 advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma patients in stage D and 18 normal age-matched male controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum acid phosphatase, plasma osteocalcin, 24-h urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and 24-h whole-body retention of [99mTc]-methylene diphosphonate were measured in all subjects before and 3, 6, and 9 weeks after the start of treatment. Skeletal metastases were identified by radiography and/or [99mTc]-methylene diphosphonate bone scan. The results confirm that acid phosphatase is a significant marker in prostatic cancer; serum alkaline phosphatase may be useful in the evaluation and monitoring of bone metastases but it is not always specific; urinary excretion of hydroxyproline is an index of osteoclastic activity; serum osteocalcin may be considered more specific in the evaluation and monitoring of osteoblastic bone metastases in prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Serum osteocalcin concentration in patients with prostatic cancer. 326 42

Fifteen patients with advanced (T3-4, Nx-2, M0-1) prostatic adenocarcinoma were treated with local microwave hyperthermia (LMwH) applied as the sole method of therapy (automatically controlled set generating 2,450 MHz microwaves with intrarectal applicator). All patients were monitored with a battery of tests, including USG image and volumetry of prostate, bone scintigraphy, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum level of PAP. LMwH sessions were well tolerated and did not cause pain except a moderate sensation of heating in the pelvic region. 8 of these 15 patients responded to the therapy (3x complete remission and 5x partial remission). Involution of the prostatic tumor in responders was accompanied by improvement of the general clinical and urological state. In two responders bone metastases, documented scintigraphically before therapy, disappeared. 7 patients did not respond to LMwH, mostly patients with very large primary tumors.
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PMID:Local microwave hyperthermia in treatment of advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma. 334 60

Between 1965 and 1982 definitive external beam radiation therapy was given to 114 patients with clinically Staged A2 (32 patients) and B (82 patients) adenocarcinoma of the prostate. These patients were not considered to be surgical candidates because of age, comorbidity or disease extent, or because they had refused surgery. Total prostatic doses ranged from 60 to 70 Gy. For 90 surviving patients, follow-up duration ranged from 32 to 188 months with a median of 5 years. The 5- and 10-year uncorrected survival rates for all patients, which were 89% and 68% respectively, were no different from the survival expectation of age-matched men in the general population. Disease-free survival rates at the same time periods were 89% and 86%. There were no significant differences in disease-free survival between Stage A2 and Stage B. Four patients (3.5%) developed local recurrence. Bone metastases, which occurred in 9 of 11 treatment failures were the predominant cause of failure. An analysis of 11 potential prognostic factors was fruitless. Pelvic node irradiation did not improve the outcome. The incidence of complications was acceptable. Anorectal problems developed in 20% of patients and urinary manifestations occurred in 20%, and only 2 patients (1.8%) developed serious problems. We concluded that localized external beam high-energy radiation therapy provides excellent local control for disease limited to the prostate, with survival rates that rival those of radical surgery.
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PMID:The role of radiation therapy in stages A2 and B adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 335 Jul 25

Morphine sulfate in controlled-release tablet form is a relatively new oral preparation being used for the relief of chronic severe pain, such as that related to cancer. A patient with adenocarcinoma of the prostate with bone metastases experienced dyspnea possibly related to the ingestion of these tablets. Discontinuing the drug quickly resulted in disappearance of the dyspnea. The respiratory effects of morphine and the particular risks posed to the elderly patient are discussed.
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PMID:Dyspnea possibly associated with controlled-release morphine sulfate tablets. 339 Nov 10


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