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Query: UMLS:C0153640 (Cerebellum)
 1,777 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a versatile signalling molecule in the central and peripheral nervous system, where it can be released from both neurons and glial cells. In the cerebellum, ATP is released endogenously from the second postnatal week onwards, and is involved in the up-regulation of spontaneous synaptic input to Purkinje neurons by activation of purinergic P2 receptors. In the cerebellar cortex, ATP presumably acts on presynaptic inhibitory interneurons, which are excited by the activation of both P2X and P2Y receptors. P2 receptors have been reported for Purkinje neurons, where they mediate intracellular Ca(2+) responses. The extracellular concentration of ATP is modulated by its enzymatic degradation by ecto-nucleotidases. Adenosine, which modulates evoked transmitter release, does not influence the spontaneous synaptic activity in Purkinje neurons. Some implications of ATP as a tonically active neuromodulator in the cerebellum are discussed.
Cerebellum 2006
PMID:Modulation of synaptic activity in Purkinje neurons by ATP. 1652 64

Extracellular purines exert their action in the nervous system through purinergic neurotransmission and neuromodulatory processes. Among brain areas, efforts have been made to investigate the purinergic modulation of the cerebellar cortex. In addition, the use of granule cells in culture as a neuronal in vitro model provided important information about the implications of purines in mechanisms such as cell survival and differentiation. This short review is focused on the function of purines in the physiology of granule cells in situ and in vitro. In situ, adenosine has been shown to inhibit some of the glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic inputs to granule cells. The inhibition of GABA input allows an increase in the excitability of the cell while the output (parallel fibers) of granule cells is also down-regulated by adenosine, suggesting a complex mode of regulation by purines. In vitro, granule cells have been shown to express members of all classes of purinergic receptors, P2X (ionotropic), P2Y (metabotropic) and adenosine receptors. The specific expression of these receptors and the downstream signaling pathways coupling them to cell survival and growth have been extensively studied.
Cerebellum 2012 Mar
PMID:Purinergic modulation of granule cells. 2069 39