Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CTL are a critical component of protective immunity against viral infections, but requirements for in vivo priming of CTL are not completely understood. Covalent linkage of a helper determinant to a CTL determinant, analogous to that required for cognate help for antibody production, does not appear to be necessary in vitro, but its necessity has not been extensively explored in vivo, especially at a molecular level. We previously defined peptides encompassing multideterminant regions of HIV-1 gp160 (cluster peptides) recognized by Th from mice and humans of multiple MHC types. To investigate the requirement for Th in the development of CTL in vivo, in the context of developing a synthetic peptide vaccine for HIV active in multiple strains of mice, we immunized with compound peptides representing an immunodominant CTL epitope, P18, of gp160, co-linearly synthesized at the C-terminus of three cluster peptides. Spleen cells from compound-peptide-immunized mice of three MHC haplotypes sharing the Dd class I MHC molecule but with different class II molecules exhibited enhanced gp160-specific CD8+ CTL activity and CD4+ Th. In contrast, immunization with P18 alone or a mixture of cluster peptide and P18 elicited only marginal CTL activity. These results imply a requirement for determinant linkage in CTL induction in vivo similar to that already well recognized for cognate help for antibody induction. The results also define promising peptide HIV vaccine candidates for induction of CTL, as well as neutralizing antibodies, in diverse MHC types.
 ...
PMID:Helper-cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) determinant linkage required for priming of anti-HIV CD8+ CTL in vivo with peptide vaccine constructs. 828 36

The lymphoid tissues of the red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura) were examined using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The distribution of immune cells in the tissue beds was documented using antibodies to surface markers CD3 and an MHC Class II antigen (equivalent to HLA DRII). Spleen, gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), lung, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and liver were examined. The spleen had defined areas of red and white pulp, with follicles containing tingible-bodied macrophages. Anti-CD3 and anti-HLA DRII antibodies revealed the presence of T cells in areas of white pulp and around the peri-arterial lymphatic sheaths. GALT and BALT were detected and appeared as scattered areas of lymphocytes in the tissues beds. This is the first study to report on the lymphoid tissues of this endangered species of marsupial and the first report of the capacity of anti-human antibodies to a surface MHC molecule to react with Dasyurid cells.
 ...
PMID:The immune tissues of the endangered red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura). 1653 20