Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spleen exposure to ultrasound has been reported to influence antibody response to sheep red blood cell injection in mice (decreased hemagglutination and hemolytic titers and IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels and elevated IgG1 levels). In a controlled clinical trial, we investigated the possible immunosuppressive side-effect of splenic exposure (2.0 mW/m2, 3.5 MHz, 5 minutes) to ultrasound on the immune response to Rubella vaccination in 41 anti-Rubella antibody-negative volunteers. The measured parameters (blood cell count, IgA, IgM, IgG including subclasses IgG1-IgG4, isoagglutinins, anti-Rubella hemagglutinin and hemolysin titers, complement C3, skin tests to mumps and tuberculin, T, B and O lymphocytes, esterase-positive and negative T-cell subsets) suggest changes dependent on the time of vaccination, but provide no evidence of an immunosuppressive effect of ultrasound in man.
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PMID:Effect of spleen exposure to ultrasound on cellular and antibody-mediated immune reactions in man. 710 40

The evolution of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage (MML cells) in the spleen of Leishmania donovani (LD) infected BALB/c mice was studied. Spleen cells were fractionated on a discontinuous percoll gradient and adherent cells (AC) were purified from fractionated spleen cells by adherence steps that appeared at the interfaces of 25-35%, 35-40%, 40-45% and 45-50% percoll gradients. The AC were characterized as MML cells on the basis of positive staining for non-specific esterase. Adherent cells that appeared at the interfaces of 25-35% and 40-45% were defined as A and C, respectively, and both of them showed extreme variation in a progressive infection. It was observed that A supported parasite replication whereas C remained refractory when infected with LD in vitro. Furthermore, when A cells and C cells were used as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate mixed population of IFN-gamma producing and IL-4 producing T-cells, it was observed that IL-4 and IFN-gamma were the predominating cytokine in the T-cell supernatant, respectively. Both A and C were found to be increased hand-in-hand up to 5 months of infection and from then on A decreased and C increased in their numerical strength (A-C reciprocity). The evolution of A-C reciprocity coincided with the gradual reduction in the parasitaemia in the spleen suggesting that this may contribute to the acquisition of anti-leishmania immunity.
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PMID:Immunobiological studies on experimental visceral leishmaniasis. IV. Kinetics of evolution of disease-promoting versus host-protective cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage and their characterization. 748 59

To investigate the role of metabolism in cocaine-induced immunosuppression, diazinon and beta-ionone were administered as an esterase inhibitor and a cytochrome P-450 (P-450) inducer, respectively, to B6C3F1 female mice. When 10 or 30 mg/kg of diazinon was administered 30 min before cocaine (30 mg/kg) was administered i.p. for 7 consecutive days, the suppression of the T-dependent antibody response to sheep red blood cells was potentiated greatly when compared to the suppression by cocaine alone. Spleen and thymus weights were decreased significantly and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activities were elevated dramatically when cocaine and diazinon were administered together. beta-Ionone was administered s.c. for 7 consecutive days and the P-450 activities were determined 3 days after the last administration. beta-Ionone induced cocaine N-demethylation, which is the first step in the activation of cocaine to the metabolites capable of producing hepatotoxicity, as well as P-450IA1- and P-450IIB1-specific monooxygenases. The inductive effects of beta-ionone on P-450IA1/2 and P-450IIB1/2 proteins were confirmed by using Western immunoblotting with selective monoclonal antibodies. In addition, when beta-ionone (600 mg/kg) was administered with cocaine for 7 days, the suppression of the antibody response was potentiated greatly, thymus weight was decreased significantly and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase was elevated. Our present results suggest that inhibition of the esterase pathway of cocaine shunts the metabolism of cocaine into an immunotoxic pathway, and that the metabolism of cocaine by P-450 may be the critical pathway for the generation of the metabolites capable of suppressing the antibody response.
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PMID:Role of metabolism by esterase and cytochrome P-450 in cocaine-induced suppression of the antibody response. 781 57

Two long-term cultured cell lines were established from BALB/c mouse axillary and cervical lymph nodes that exhibited a combination of functional, morphological, and phenotypic characteristics consistent only with high endothelial venule cells. Spleen lymphocytes selectively bound and migrated across the cell lines. On Matrigel, these cell lines formed tubules with lumens, a characteristic unique to endothelial cells. Morphologically the cells were 20-30 microns in diameter and exhibited contact inhibition. The cells were not myeloid in origin because they lacked sodium fluoride-inhibitable nonspecific esterase activity, myeloperoxidase activity, and F4/80 antigen. The cell line phenotypes were compared to high endothelial venule (HEV) cells in tissue sections. HEV cells in lymph node tissue sections expressed endoglin, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, laminin, fibronectin, collagen IV, H2Kd, MECA 79, MECA 325, and vWF. The cell lines expressed endoglin, VCAM-1, fibronectin, and H2Kd. The cell line derived from cervical lymph nodes also expressed laminin and H2Dd. Neither cell line expressed collagen IV, IAd, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, dendritic cell antigen, or PECAM-1. They also did not express MECA antigens or intracellular vWF, consistent with reports of many cultured endothelial cells. To further substantiate cell ine identification, antiserum generated against the cell lines bound specifically to HEV cells in frozen lymph node tissue sections and to both of the lymph node-derived cell lines but not control cell lines. Thus, the lymph node derived-cell lines expressed molecules found on HEV cells in vivo and most importantly retained the functions of tubule formation, lymphocyte adhesion, and promotion of lymphocyte migration.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of high endothelial cell lines derived from mouse lymph nodes. 892 39


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