Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical and laboratory evaluation of 28 patients with hairy cells leukemia is performed. Twenty-two had splenomegaly and all but one had a pancytopenia with 5 to 70% of hairy cells in blood. A tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was positive in the hairy cells of 11 patients of 14 studied. In all patients a myelofibrosis and a leukemic infiltration were found in a bone-marrow biopsy of iliac crest. Hemodilution by splenomegaly, mild hemolysis and dyshematopoiesis were observed in 10 patients by a 51Cr or 59Fe isotopic exploration. In seven cases an immunological study of the hairy cells was performed, a high percentage of the leukemic cells of these 7 patients had polyclonal surface Ig but without resynthesis of monoclonal S Ig which is a feature usually associated with B lymphocytes. In the blood of these patients normal T and B lymphocytes were decreased. A splenectomy was done in 12 patients (43%) always for severe pancytopenia Splenectomy was not randomised. Spleen weights ranged from 1 085 to 3 600 g. In splenectomised patients the level of hemoglobin, segmented cells and thrombocytes was significantly higher after surgery. The survival rate is better in the splenectomised group (median survival 57 months) than in the non-splenectomised group (median survival 19 months). Infectious diseases were frequent in all patients but less after splenectomy. Fourteen patients died, 8 owing to pancytopenia.
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PMID:[Hairy cell leukemia. I.--Clinical, biological and evolutive study on twenty-eight cases (author's transl)]. 627 Jul 94

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates the formation of osteoclast-like tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells (TRAP + MNC) in vitro. This effect likely results from stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, which is mediated by two PGE2 receptors, designated EP2 and EP4. We used cells from mice in which the EP2 receptor had been disrupted to test its role in the formation of TRAP + MNC. EP2 heterozygous (+/-) mice in a C57BL/6 x 129/SvEv background were bred to produce homozygous null (EP2 -/-) and wild-type (EP2 +/+) mice. PGE2, PTH, or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D increased TRAP+ MNC in 7-day cultures of bone marrow cells from EP2 +/+ mice. In cultures from EP2 -/- animals, responses to PGE2, PTH, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were reduced by 86%, 58%, and 50%, respectively. A selective EP4 receptor antagonist (EP4RA) further inhibited TRAP+ MNC formation in both EP2 +/+ and EP2 -/- cultures. In cocultures of spleen and calvarial osteoblastic cells, the response to PGE2 or PTH was reduced by 92% or 85% when both osteoblastic cells and spleen cells were from EP2 -/- mice, by 88% or 68% when only osteoblastic cells were from EP2 -/- mice and by 58% or 35% when only spleen cells were from EP2 -/- mice. PGE2 increased receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL) messenger RNA expression in osteoblastic and bone marrow cell cultures from EP2 +/+ mice 2-fold but had little effect on cells from EP2 -/- mice. Spleen cells cultured with RANKL and macrophage colony stimulating factor produced TRAP+ MNC. PGE2 increased the number of TRAP+ MNC in spleen cell cultures from EP2 +/+ mice but not in cultures from EP2 -/- mice. EP4RA had no effect on the PGE2 response in spleen cell cultures. PGE2 decreased the expression of messenger RNA for granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in spleen cell cultures from EP2 +/+ mice but had little effect on cells from EP2 -/- mice. These data demonstrate that the prostaglandin EP2 receptor plays a role in the formation of osteoclast-like cells in vitro. A major defect in EP2 -/- mice appears to be in the capacity of osteoblastic cells to stimulate osteoclast formation. In addition, there appears to be a defect in the response of cells of the osteoclastic lineage to PGE2 in EP2 -/- mice.
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PMID:Knockout of the murine prostaglandin EP2 receptor impairs osteoclastogenesis in vitro. 1083 Feb 90

A growing body of evidence indicates that megakaryocytes (MK) or their growth factors play a role in skeletal homeostasis. We previously identified a novel regulatory pathway that controls bone formation, which is mediated by MK. In vivo megakaryocytosis resulted in massive bone formation. The co-culture of MK with osteoblasts (OB) resulted in increased OB proliferation in vitro, by a mechanism that required direct cell-to-cell contact. Here, we examined a second MK-mediated pathway that regulates osteoclast (OC) development. We have begun examining the unique inhibitory effect of MK on OC development. Spleen or bone marrow (BM) cells from C57BL/6 mice, as a source of OC precursors, were cultured with M-CSF and RANKL to induce OC development. MK were prepared by culturing fetal liver cells with thrombopoietin and separating cells into MK and non-MK populations. MK were titrated into spleen cell cultures and OC were identified as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive giant cells with >3 nuclei. There was a significant, P < 0.001, up to 10-fold reduction in OC formed when MK were added to the spleen cell cultures. We determined that 30% (vol:vol) MK conditioned media (CM) were able to completely block OC development from precursors, whereas 3% MK CM resulted in up to a 10-fold reduction in OC development, P < 0.001. These data indicate that a soluble factor(s) was responsible, at least in part, for the inhibition. We examined MK CM for known inhibitors of OC formation, using ELISAs. IL-4 was undetectable in MK CM, whereas IL-10 and IFN-gamma levels were similar in MK and non-MK CM. TGFbeta-1 levels were increased 2-fold in MK CM compared to control CM but were not responsible for the inhibition in OC development. Although, we found a significant increase in the levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in MK CM, antibody neutralization studies, MK derived from OPG-deficient mice, and tandem mass spectrophotometry, all confirm that OPG was not responsible for the MK-mediated inhibition of OC development. Overall, these data suggest that an unidentified factor(s) is present in MK CM that inhibits OC development. These studies indicate that MK can play a dual role in skeletal homeostasis by stimulating OB proliferation and simultaneously inhibiting OC development.
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PMID:Megakaryocyte-mediated inhibition of osteoclast development. 1678 18