Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mice were administered the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin by daily intraperitoneal injection for five days and evaluated 24 h, 72 h and 6 days after the final dose. Spleen weight was decreased in treated mice for up to 6 days after treatment whereas body weight was significantly affected only at 24 h in mice administered 4 micrograms 2'-deoxycoformycin/g of body weight. The number and relative percentage of circulating lymphocytes were decreased 24 and 72 h after the last injection. Lymphoproliferative responses to T cell mitogens were suppressed for at least 72 h post-treatment whereas the mixed lymphocyte response was normal at 24 h but was depressed at 72 h post-treatment. Conversely, natural killer cell activity was greater in treated mice than in controls for the entire observation period. Data from cell surface marker analysis provided indirect evidence that natural killer effector cells lack sensitivity to 2'-deoxycoformycin. The antibody responses of mice treated with 2 or 4 micrograms 2'-deoxycoformycin/g over four days prior to or after immunization with sheep erythrocytes were suppressed or enhanced, respectively, compared to controls. These results indicate selective effects of 2'-deoxycoformycin on immune function and suggest that subpopulations of lymphocytes differ in the degree of sensitivity to 2'-deoxycoformycin.
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PMID:Selective immunotoxic effects in mice treated with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin. 295 20

A microassay requiring as few as 2 X 10(5) cells per assay was developed for systematic analysis of 9 purine enzymes in lymphocytes from equine peripheral blood, spleen, lymph node, thymus and bone marrow. The activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), adenosine kinase (AK), deoxyadenosine kinase (dAK), deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-N), AMP deaminase, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT or HPRT), and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) were measured by this microassay in lymphocytes from peripheral blood from four different breeds of horses (Arabian, Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred and Shetland Pony). There were no significant differences in the enzyme activities among the various breeds. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from foals exhibited enzyme activities similar to those observed for adult animals. All lymphoid tissue contained similar levels of activity for each kinase (AK, dAK and dCK). Spleen had the highest activity for ADA, PNP, 5'-N, and HGPRT. The lowest activity for ADA, APRT, PNP and AMP deaminase was found in thymus. Enzymatic activities that varied the most among the tissue were 5'-N, ADA, APRT, HGPRT and AMP deaminase.
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PMID:Distribution of enzymes of purine metabolism in lymphocytes of horse, Equus caballus. 299 Aug 11

ICR mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells (sRBC). Both adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities in spleen lymphocytes increased faster than the serum antibody titer and reached a peak one week after the immunization. ADA activity increased significantly in T lymphocytes but not in B lymphocytes collected from the spleens of the immunized mice. A statistically significant increase in PNP activity was found in both T and B lymphocytes from the spleens of the immunized mice. Spleen lymphocytes collected from ICR mice which had been immunized with mitomycin C-treated sarcoma 180 (S180) cells one week earlier showed cytotoxic activity against viable S180 cells. Both ADA and PNP activities in spleen lymphocytes of S180-immunized mice increased significantly, and both activities increased in T lymphocytes prepared from spleen of immunized mice. In contrast, an increase was found in PNP activity but not in ADA activity in B lymphocytes. These results suggest that an increase in both ADA and PNP activities may by necessary for the T-cell response in both humoral and cellular immune responses, and that an increase in PNP activity may be necessary for the B-cell response.
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PMID:Purine metabolic enzymes in lymphocytes. II. Adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities in the immune response. 680 70

Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) of 74 liver cirrhosis patients and 100 healthy subjects as control were examined with improved Martinek microassay and peripheral T lymphocyte subsets of 38 liver cirrhosis patients and 60 healthy subjects studied by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for exploring the relationship between them and syndrome types of TCM. The result showed that level of ADA of liver cirrhosis patients was higher than that of control (P < 0.01) and increased in following order: the type of Liver-energy Depression and Spleen Deficiency, that of Heat-Stagnation and Blood Stasis and that of Yin-Deficiency and Microvessel Obstruction. The difference of serum ADA among the types were significant (P < 0.01). The result also showed that OKT8 of liver cirrhosis patients was higher, the ratio of OKT4/OKT8 was lower than the healthy subjects (P < 0.05-0.01), but the difference among the types were not significant (P > 0.05). Serum ADA seemed to be one of the reference indexes in differentiating syndrome types of TCM, determining the patient's condition and prognosis.
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PMID:[Correlation between serum adenosine deaminase, peripheral T lymphocyte subsets and syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine in liver-cirrhosis patients]. 795 Jan 82

Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is as key mediator of immune and inflammatory responses. ATP is normally sequestered in the intracellular milieu and released by apoptotic and necrotic cells, where it acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator in the extracellular milieu. A limited number of studies have explored the involvement of purinergic signaling in oomycete infections, including Saprolegnia parasitica; this is a most destructive oomycete pathogen, associated with high mortality and severe economic losses for fish producers. The aim of this study was to determine whether purinergic signaling exerts anti- or pro-inflammatory effects in spleens of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) naturally infected by S. parasitica. Animals naturally infected with S. parasitica showed typical gross lesions characterized by cotton-wool tufts on the tail and fins, as well as severe histopathological lesions such as necrosis. Spleen ATP and metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) levels were higher in fish naturally infected by S. parasitica compared to control on day 7 post-infection (PI). Spleen nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) activity (ATP as substrate) was greater in fish naturally infected by S. parasitica than in uninfected on day 7 PI, while no significant differences were observed between groups with respect to NTPDase (adenosine diphosphate as substrate) and 5'-nucleotidase activities. Finally, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was lower in fish naturally infected by S. parasitica than in uninfected fish on day 7 PI. In summary, spleen tissue necrosis in the context of saprolegniosis provokes an intense release of ATP into the extracellular milieu, where it interacts with the P2X7 purine receptor and leads to a self-sustained pro-inflammatory deleterious cycle, contributing to an intense inflammatory process. In response to excessive ATP levels in the extracellular milieu, ATP and adenosine hydrolysis were modulated in an attempt to restrict the inflammatory process via upregulation of NTPDase and downregulation of ADA activities. We conclude that the purinergic signaling pathway modulates immune and inflammatory responses during natural infection with S. parasitica.
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PMID:Purinergic signaling creates an anti-inflammatory profile in spleens of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella naturally infected by Saprolegnia parasitica: An attempt to prevent ATP pro-inflammatory effects. 3137 21