Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have previously demonstrated that recombinant T-cell receptor ligand 1000 (RTL1000) reduces infarct size and improves long-term functional recovery after experimental stroke in young transgenic mice expressing human leukocyte antigen DR2 (DR2-Tg). In this study, we determined the effect of RTL1000 on infarct size in 12-month-old middle-aged DR2-Tg mice, and investigated its mechanism of action. Twelve-month-old male DR2-Tg mice underwent 60min of intraluminal reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Vehicle or RTL1000 was injected 4, 24, 48 and 72h after MCAO. Cortical, striatal and total hemispheric infarcts were measured 96h after stroke. Spleen and brain tissues were collected 96h after stroke for immunological analysis. Our data showed that RTL1000 significantly reduced infarct size 96h after MCAO in middle-aged male DR2-Tg mice. RTL1000 decreased the number of activated monocytes/microglia cells (CD11b(+)CD45(hi)) and CD3(+) T cells in the ischemic hemisphere. RTL1000 also reduced the percentage of total T cells and inflammatory neutrophils in the spleen. These findings suggest that RTL1000 protects against ischemic stroke in middle-aged male mice by limiting post-ischemic inflammation.
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PMID:Recombinant T-cell receptor ligand RTL1000 limits inflammation and decreases infarct size after experimental ischemic stroke in middle-aged mice. 2555 31

Our study aimed to investigate the histologic and immunological changes of portal hypertension (PH) pre- and postsplenectomy in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 30 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis and PH at pre- and postsplenectomy time points and from 15 healthy subjects. Spleen tissue specimens were collected from 15 of the patients with HBV-related cirrhosis and from 8 control patients who had undergone splenectomy due to trauma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate the immune effector cells and the expression of negative immune regulators. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the immunophenotypes and percentages. The spleen of cirrhotic patients with PH showed extensive depletion of splenic CD4, CD8, and human leukocyte antigen DR cells along with overexpression of the inhibitory receptors programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 and their ligands (PD-L2 and galectin-9). Peripheral blood of patients with PH showed remarkable decrease in proportions of CD8 T cell and natural killer (NK) cells and increase in regulatory T (Treg) cells, as well as high expression of PD-1 in CD4/8 T cells. Compared with presplenectomy patients, cirrhotic patients with PH showed increased proportions of CD8 and NK cells, decreased proportion of Treg cells, and decreased expression of PD-1 in peripheral blood CD4/8 T cells after splenectomy. PH-spleen could lead to peripheral tolerance and immunosuppression in HBV cirrhotic patients, and splenectomy may cause beneficial immunological changes.
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PMID:Spleen-Associated Effects on Immunity in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Cirrhosis with Portal Hypertension. 3067 49