Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential of dietary glutathione to alter immune response in aging mice was studied. Four (young), 17 (mature) and 24 (old) month old C57BL/6Nia male mice were fed semi-purified, nutritionally adequate diets containing 0 (control) to 1.0% of reduced glutathione (GSH) for 4 weeks. Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated proliferation of splenocytes was assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was measured by a radioisotopic method. Spleen GSH and splenocyte thiol (-SH) levels were determined by HPLC and N-ethyl[14C]maleimide binding, respectively. In the control fed group, mature and old mice showed 67% and 72% reductions (P less than 0.05) in Con A stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation compared to young mice. Dietary GSH supplementation partially, but significantly (P less than 0.05) reversed this age-associated decline in mature and old mice. DTH assays revealed that the in vivo T-cell-mediated immune function is depressed with age and that dietary GSH supplementation reverses this depression. Spleens from control-fed mature and old mice contained 12 and 19% less GSH, respectively, than young mice (P less than 0.05). This decline was also reversed (P less than 0.05) by dietary GSH supplementation. Splenocyte -SH content after incubation with Con A and responsiveness to this mitogen were positively correlated in old mice and were greater (P less than 0.05) in GSH supplemented animals. Thus, dietary GSH supplementation improves the splenic status of this tripeptide and enhances T-cell mediated immune responses in aging mice.
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PMID:Reversal of age-associated decline in immune responsiveness by dietary glutathione supplementation in mice. 360 48

The disposition and metabolism of o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol (BCP) were studied in male Fischer-344 rats. Three days after oral administration of [14C]BCP at 10, 100, or 1000 mg/kg, more than 90% of each dose was excreted in urine and feces. Comparison of disposition after intravenous, dermal, or oral administration indicated that BCP was not completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or skin. Biliary excretion of BCP was dose-dependent, with proportionally less BCP-derived radioactivity being excreted in the bile as the dose was raised. The results also indicated that enterohepatic circulation was involved in BCP disposition. The major in vivo metabolites were glucuronyl conjugates of BCP and hydroxy-BCP. Glutathione conjugates were also present in urine. In vitro metabolism studies support the observation that microsomal oxidation and glutathione and glucuronyl conjugation play major roles in BCP metabolism. Spleen, kidney, and liver contained the highest tissue concentrations of BCP-derived radioactivity. The presence of more nonextractable BCP-derived radioactivity in kidney than in liver is compatible with the hypothesis that covalent binding of BCP to renal tissue may be associated with BCP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Disposition of o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol in male rats. 371 1

Pentavalent vanadium (V5) as Na48VO3 was given i.p. to male Wistar rats at a dose of 5 mumol/kg in order to study its organ distribution pattern. Two days after injection, kidneys reached a V level of about 28 nmol/g wet weight, followed in decreasing order by spleen, liver, bone, blood plasma, testis, lung, erythrocytes and brain in control rats. A similar distribution pattern was seen after injection of tetravalent vanadium (V4) given as 48VOSO4. Two chelators, desferrioxamine B (Desferal) or Ca-Na3-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), were given i.p. 24 h after the vanadium injections to different groups of rats at two dosage levels, 30 and 100 mumol/kg. Desferal (30 mumol/kg) reduced the vanadium content of the kidney by 17%, of the liver by 0%, and of the lung by 7%. The corresponding figures for the effect of DTPA (30 mumol/kg) were 7%, plus 15%, and 0%, respectively. At 100 mumol/kg, Desferal reduced the same organ levels by 20%, 26%, and 25%, respectively, and DTPA by 9%, 18%, and 25%, respectively. Both chelators raised faecal excretion at the low level, and both urinary and faecal excretion at the high level. Spleen and bone seemed to bind vanadium to a higher degree than the other organs under examination. Human erythrocytes, when incubated with 48VOSO4 (V4) or Na48VO3 (V5), were found to accumulate nearly the double amount of V5 as compared to V4. Glutathione (GSH) which is the main reducing substance within the erythrocytes, reduced the uptake of V5 to the V4 level when incubated together with GSH before addition to the cell suspension. Pretreating the erythrocytes with diethyl-maleate (DEM) which blocks the reducing SH groups of intracellular GSH, also reduced the uptake of V5. This may indicate a GSH dependent reduction of V5 to V4 within the erythrocytes. Four chelators, among them Desferal and DTPA, were found to reduce the cellbound amount of vanadium, either by extracting vanadium as V4, or by inhibiting uptake by the red blood cells.
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PMID:The effect of chelating agents on vanadium distribution in the rat body and on uptake by human erythrocytes. 692 68

Separation by gel-filtration chromatography and enzyme assay with H2O2 and an organic hydroperoxide substrate were used to identify selenium (Se)-dependent and non-Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in tissues of calves fed supplemented whole milk diets differing only in their Se content (0.03, 0.23, and 0.53 microgram/g of total solids). Spleen, cardiac muscle, erythrocytes, brain, thymus, adipose tissue, and striated muscles of calves were found to contain only the Se-dependent GSH-Px. Tissues having both enzymes included liver, lungs, adrenal glands, testes, kidney medulla, and kidney cortex. Hepatic tissue contained the highest percentage of non-Se-dependent GSH-Px activity of the calf tissues. For those tissues having Se-dependent and non-Se-dependent GSH-Px activity, the Se-dependent enzyme activity was generally lower for calves fed 0.03 microgram of Se/g of total solids as compared with activity in calves fed larger amounts of Se. The tissue ranking of non-Se-dependent GSH-Px activity, as a percentage of total GSH-Px activity, was not changed by differences in the Se content of the diets fed to the calves.
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PMID:Distribution of selenium-dependent and nonselenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity in tissues of young cattle. 732 34

A study was conducted on the effects of Zhengda Zhenhua 851-R (ZZ-851-R) oral liquor on middle aged-old patients with Kidney and Spleen Deficiencies. It was found that ZZ-851-R was able to relieve the symptoms of aging, improve the memory and fluency of speech, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) GSH and GSH-peroxidase (GSH-Px) increased remarkably and serum lipid peroxide (LPO) level decreased significantly. Improvements of immunity, function of the pituitary-gonad axis were also noticed in the study, with decreased E2/T ratio and improved ability of total antioxydation. In summary, the ZZ-851-R has the effect of antisenility, without obvious side-effect.
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PMID:[Clinical study of effect of zhengda zhenhua 851-R oral liquor on delayed aging process]. 858 Jun 93

The action of glucocorticoids in high doses is catabolic, but not much is known about the accompanying effects on antioxidative capacity of the entire body. Animals were treated (or not) with dexamethasone (Dex) 2 mg/kg b.w. d-1 during 5 consecutive days followed by recovery, during which an additional group received 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (40 mg/kg b.w.). Animals were killed after treatment with Dex, and after 5 days of the recovery period. Dexamethasone treatment decreased appetite almost twofold (from 20 g/day to 10 g/day, P < 0.001). Feed restriction, however, seemed to have only minor impact on the effects observed since body weight loss of pair-fed rats after the 5th day of treatment was only 2% and Dex-treated rats decrease in body weight was 22% (P < 0.05). In turn, wet weight of the soleus muscle (expressed per body weight) did not significantly decrease after Dex treatment, suggesting relative resistance of oxidative type muscles to the catabolic action of dexamethasone. Spleen wet weight expressed per body weight dropped by 65% (P<0.001). Additionally, there was a 46% reduction (P<0.001) of blood glutathione (GSH/Hb), and 36% (P < 0.001) of muscle glutathione (GSH/tissue wet weight). This suggests that dexamethasone directly and/or indirectly impaired antioxidant reactions. This was further confirmed by a significant (49%) decline of SOD-1 activity in erythrocytes isolated from the group treated with dexamethasone. Another index of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was also significantly increased. Activity of blood plasma CK increased by 73% (P<0.001) in Dex-treated rats, indicating moderate injury of muscle tissue. In conclusion, young growing rats were sensitive to the dosage of dexamethasone, but in contrast to lymphoid tissue, could easily compensate the outcomes of impaired antioxidative defence within 5 days of recovery.
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PMID:Excess of glucocorticoids impairs whole-body antioxidant status in young rats. relation to the effect of dexamethasone in soleus muscle and spleen. 1087 Nov 57

In this study we wanted to determine whether changes in antioxidant profile could follow the catabolic effects of glucocorticoids. We also wanted to compare resistance to glucocorticoid overload in young and old rats. To address these questions, whole body catabolism was induced by the administration of dexamethasone (Dex) at either 2 mg/kg bodyweight/day to young (6 weeks old) or 0.5 mg/kg body-weight/day to old (94 weeks old) rats. Bodyweight loss of pair-fed rats not given Dex was only 2% in the young rats and 8% in the old rats, whereas in Dex-treated rats the decrease in bodyweight was 22% in the young rats and 13% in the old rats after 5 days of treatment. Spleen weight decreased by 65% in the young rats and by 52% in the old rats. Additionally, in the young rats there was a 46% reduction in glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes as well as a 36% reduction in GSH/tissue wet weight in the soleus muscle. The corresponding figures for the old rats were 35 and 26%, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that Dex directly and/or indirectly impaired the antioxidant reactions. This was further confirmed by a significant (50%) decline in Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) activity in erythrocytes isolated from the young rats treated with Dex but not the old rats as they showed a significant elevation in SOD-1 activity (by 101%). Thiobarbituric acid reactant substances were significantly higher in both young and old rats. Activity of blood plasma creatine kinase increased by 73% in the young rats and by 307% in the old rats treated with Dex. Although both the young and the old rats could recover from oxidative stress, the old rats in contrast to the young rats remained catabolic until the end of the experiment. In conclusion, we suggest that old rats are more vulnerable to the catabolic action of Dex, whereas young rats are more susceptible to the oxidative stress induced by Dex.
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PMID:Rats with a glucocorticoid-induced catabolic state show symptoms of oxidative stress and spleen atrophy: the effects of age and recovery. 1212 40

Changes of lipid peroxidation reaction and NK cell activity in spleen of CCl4-induced liver injury mice with adding orgnoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus were studied to discuss the protective effect of orgnoselenium and its mechanism. Sixty healthy mice (female: male=1:1) were chosen and divided randomly into four groups: control group (group C), orgnoselenium group (group Se), CCl4-injection group (group CCl4) and CCl4-injection plus orgnoselenium group (group CCl4-Se). The liver injury was induced by abdominal injection of CCl4 (0.07ml/100g body weight) on every other day over four weeks. The spleens were collected at the 2nd and 4th week, and spleen NK cell activity, spleen homogenate GSH-Px, SOD, CAT activities and MDA concentration were determined. The results showed that during the entire experimental period, spleen homogenate GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities in groups C, Se and CCl4-Se were higher or significantly higher than that in group CCl4, and three antioxidant enzyme activities in groups Se and CCl4-Se had no apparent differences from that in group C except that there were significant increases of SOD activity at the 4th week. Spleen homogenate MDA content of group CCl4 increased markedly compared with that of groups C, Se and CCl4-Se, MDA level of group CCl4-Se was close to that of group C, and that of group Se was lower. During the entire experimental period, NK cell activity of group Se was the highest and significantly higher than that of group C at the 4th week, a lowest value was observed in group CCl4, which was lower or markedly lower than that of groups C, Se and CCl4-Se, there were no significant differences between group CCl4-Se and group C. It is suggested that orgnoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus can enhance antioxidation ability in normal mice and play an effective role by means of improving and enhancing the spleen antioxidation enzymes and NK cell activities in the process of intervening liver injury.
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PMID:[Protective effect of orgnoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus on lipid peroxidation reaction and NK cell activity in spleen of liver injury mice]. 1583

Resveratrol is as an antioxidant with free radical-scavenging activity and finds its clinical application in the prevention of postischemic tissue injury following solid organ transplantation. This study investigates the effect of Resveratrol on spleen and ileum tissues subjected to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Twenty-four rats were recruited in the study as follows: group A: I/R (n = 8), group B: I/R + Resveratrol (n = 8), and group C: sham operation (n = 8). After intraperitonealy pretreatment of eight rats with resveratrol (15 mg/kg/d) for 5 days, 16 rats were subjected to 45 minutes of hepatic ischemia followed by 30 minutes reperfusion period. Resveratrol was given 15 minutes prior to ischemia and just before the reperfusion in rats. After reperfusion period all rats were sacrificed. Spleen and ileum tissues were examined spectrophotometrically to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and total nitrite, nitrate as an end product of nitric oxide (NO) levels. Concerning the spleen, statistically significant decrease of GSH and increase of MDA and NO levels were found group A when compared to groups B and C (P = .040, P = .004, and P = .001 group A vs group B; P = .05, P = .003, and P = .001 group A vs group C, respectively). Parallel results were obtained in ileum. A statistically significant decrease in GSH and an increase in MDA and NO levels in group A in respect to group B and group C was obtained (P = .048, P = .034, and P = .001 group A vs group B; P = .004, P = .001, and P = .003 group A vs group C, respectively). The result of this study shows that resveratrol has a protective effect on spleen and ileal mitochondrial oxidative stress in rats subjected to I/R.
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PMID:Protective effects of resveratrol on spleen and ileum in rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. 1654 24

It has been reported that there is an interaction between Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and tributyltin (TBT), an organometal used as an antifouling biocide. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of BaP, TBT and their mixture on splenic antioxidant defense systems of Sebastiscus marmoratus. The fish were exposed to water containing environmentally relevant concentrations of BaP, TBT and their mixture. Spleens were collected for biochemical analysis after exposure for 7, 25, 50 d and after recovery for 7, 20 d. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 7 d potentiated the induction of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity by BaP or TBT alone. The cotreatment for 25 and 50 d resulted in inhibition of GPx activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Splenic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly elevated in S. marmoratus exposed to BaP starting from 7 d and remained high up to 25 d. However, no further activity change was found with prolonged exposure. Cotreatment of BaP and TBT primarily inhibited the GST activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 25 or 50 d potentiated the depletion of GSH (glutathione) by BaP or TBT alone. MDA (malondialdehyde) contents in spleen of S. marmoratus were not significantly altered compared with the control during the test period. Spleen, as an immune organ, is sensitive to exposure of BaP or TBT. It should have an effective mechanism to counteract oxidative damage. Antioxidative defense systems in spleen of S. marmoratus should be considered as potential biomarkers. Short-term exposure of BaP or TBT could result in induction of antioxidant defense system. A significant decrease of these indices, such as GSH, GST, GPx might indicate more severe contamination.
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PMID:Antioxidant responses to benzo[a]pyrene, tributyltin and their mixture in the spleen of Sebasticus marmoratus. 1796 21


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