Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness of EDTA in reducing the endogenous zinc supply in pregnant rats was determined by two experiments. In experiment 1, a high level of zinc (100 ppm) was given to rats days 15 through 17 of gestation. In experiment 2, a low level of zinc (3 ppm) was given from days 1 through 17. On day 18, half the rats were given EDTA in two intraperitoneal injections 6 hours apart with or without zinc supplementation. The -Zn + EDTA group lost weight continuously after the injections, had increased hematocrit levels prior to parturition,and showed greater stress at parturition than did the -Zn group. Weight gains, hematocrit level, and parturition in the +Zn + EDTA group did not differ significantly from those of the +Zn controls. Spleen weights were decreased in the -Zn + EDTA and -Zn groups and zinc concentration in the spleen increased in the -Zn + EDTA group. Iron concentration decreased in the spleen and increased in the liver of EDTA-treated rats. Use of EDTA to remove endogenous zinc appears to offer a mechanism for study of the effects of short-term zinc supplementation at critical periods in the pregnant zinc-deficient rat.
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PMID:Use of EDTA to produce zinc deficiency in the pregnant rat. 40 59

The effect of low dietary zinc on the survival of an intestinal nematode (Heligmosomoides polygyrus) was investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1 (primary infection), outbred CD1 mice were infected once only with 100 H. polygyrus larvae. In Experiment 2 (challenge infection), mice were given a primary infection that was terminated after 9 d using an anthelmintic drug; the mice were reinfected 5 d later. This protocol stimulates host immunity to the second parasitic infection. Three dietary treatments (control, 60 mg Zn/kg diet; zinc-restricted, 5 mg Zn/kg diet; and energy-restricted, 60 mg Zn/kg diet) were used for both experiments. Both infected and uninfected mice were included within each dietary treatment to control for the effect of parasitic infection on host nutritional status. Plasma zinc concentrations were significantly lower in mice fed the zinc-restricted diet, compared with mice fed the control or energy-restricted diets in both experiments; there were no significant differences in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity or tissue zinc concentration. The significant reduction in plasma zinc had no significant effect on worm burden or egg production of H. polygyrus in either experiment, indicating that the 30-40% reduction in plasma zinc was not sufficient to modify parasite numbers. However, the parasite did affect host nutritional status. Spleen weight was significantly higher in infected mice in both experiments. Following the challenge infection, both liver and spleen copper concentrations were significantly higher, and spleen iron concentration significantly lower, in the infected compared with the noninfected mice.
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PMID:Marginal zinc deficiency has no effect on primary or challenge infections in mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda). 154 14

Ca2+/Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease has been implicated in the extensive internucleosomal DNA fragmentation that accompanies apoptosis (gene-directed cell death). We present further evidence that this enzyme is involved in apoptosis. Ca2+/Mg2+ nuclease activity was increased about 6-fold during colchicine-induced apoptosis in human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. The increase in activity coincided with onset of DNA fragmentation. Spleen, liver, kidney and thymus expressed high levels of this enzyme while lung, brain, heart and testis contained little activity. Cells from tissues with high Ca2+/Mg2+ nuclease activity underwent rapid DNA fragmentation in response to a Ca2+ flux. Physiological concentrations of Zn2+ known to inhibit both apoptosis and DNA fragmentation also inhibited Ca2+/Mg2+ nuclease activity.
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PMID:Ca2+/Mg(2+)-dependent nuclease: tissue distribution, relationship to inter-nucleosomal DNA fragmentation and inhibition by Zn2+. 166 94

Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb distribution was followed in the organisms of seven lambing ewes after these animals had been on a diet with industrial contaminants generated by the copper and zinc works. The amount of ingested contaminants per lambing ewe was 31.99 g a day pursuant to the starting liveweight. Per-head daily intake of Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb in mg: 402.02; 95.97; 6158.07; 1.436; 2.975; 15.38; 0.597; 22.14. The first ewe with symptoms of zinc intoxication died on day 42 and the last on day 58. The highest Zn concentrations were recorded in the dry matter of dead ewe liver (1167.3 +/- 314.1 mg per kg). An amount of 1048 +/- 283.7 mg Zn per kg was cumulated in the kidneys in the process of contaminant administration. High Zn contents were also observed in the uterus and spleen. The highest amounts of Cu were cumulated in liver (445.6 238.1 mg per kg). Spleen was an organ with the highest concentrations of Fe, the ovaries cumulated the highest amounts of Mo and bony tissue and ovaries the highest amounts of Se. An exposure of the organisms to As, Cd and Pb in ewes intoxicated with zinc from a source of industrial pollutants, was reflected in their high contents in the ovaries, kidneys, liver and bony tissue. These results demonstrate that in sheep the liver, kidneys, uterus, spleen and ovaries are the most suitable organs if it is to prove zinc intoxication caused by pollutants from the copper and zinc works. Liver, kidneys, ovaries, uterus, spleen, skeletal muscles and bony tissue seem to be suitable for an evaluation of Cu, Fe, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb distribution in the organisms of ewes which died from zinc intoxication caused by pollutants from the above-mentioned source.
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PMID:[Distribution of harmful metals in sheep after experimental administration of industrial emissions]. 180 33

The authors' traditional Chinese herbal prescription, Qiang Zhuang Ling, was used to treat childhood anorexia with Spleen deficiency. For comparison, a group of cases treated by zinc sulphate solution was also set up as controls. After a course of treatment, the therapeutic effect in the Qiang Zhuang Ling group was significantly better than in the zinc sulphate group. Furthermore, in both groups, the level of hair zinc were markedly increased; the ultrastructure of hair was recovered; and the activity of macrophages was enhanced.
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PMID:Treatment of childhood anorexia with spleen deficiency by Qiang Zhuang Ling. 277 68

1. Sub-lethal doses of recombinant of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) were administered i.v. to young conscious male Wistar rats. Temperature changes and alterations in serum zinc and albumin concentrations and weight and composition of liver, kidney, spleen, tibialis muscle and skin were measured. Temperatures were monitored for 8 h and tissue parameters 8 and 22 h post-injection. 2. Doses above 10 micrograms/kg caused fevers of increasing magnitude and duration with latencies of 2 h. At doses of 200 micrograms/kg or more fevers were preceded by a fall in rectal temperature of up to 1.1 degrees C. 3. Weight loss by skin and tibialis and gain by liver occurred 22 h post-injection. Spleen and kidney weight and zinc and spleen protein contents were unaffected. Serum albumin and zinc fell 22 and 8 h after injection respectively. Liver zinc was elevated at both times and inversely correlated at 8 h with serum values. A degree of dose dependence of zinc and albumin changes existed. A gain in protein was evident in liver 8 h post-injection and a loss by muscle at 22 h. Paradoxical effects were observed in skin protein concentration. 4. TNF alpha mimicked many of the metabolic effects of E. coli endotoxin reported in the literature and showed similar effects to those described for interleukin 1 (IL1).
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PMID:Temperature and metabolic changes in rats after various doses of tumour necrosis factor alpha. 279 83

C3H 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts were transfected with a plasmid vector composed of EJ, the mutated c-Ha-ras, and a metallothionein promotor that induced amplified ras expression when activated by culture in the presence of zinc. Experiments were conducted to compare the effect of induction on killing by activated natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, activated macrophages, and antibody plus complement. The only effector that recognized increased ras expression and exhibited high-inducible cytolysis was an activated NK cell. The effectors from spleen were poly I.C. boostable, Lyt-1.1 negative, NK 1.2 positive, and asialo GM1 positive. Spleen cells from T cell-deficient nude mice, but not NK-deficient beige mice, exhibited high levels of killing activity, and experiments with NK cell clones demonstrated that these lines were also highly cytolytic and killed Ha-ras transfectants in parallel to YAC. Transfection of the same fibroblast line with c-myc did not alter the level of activated NK sensitivity. Cold target competition experiments revealed that Ha-ras-transfected and non-transfected 10T1/2 fibroblasts competed equally for lysis of either YAC or Ha-ras transfectants. Rat-1 fibroblasts did not compete, but gained this capacity when transformed with the v-Ki-ras oncogene but not v-fps. These data suggest that Ha-ras acts in target cells at a post-binding step, whereas Ki-ras may affect expression of target-effector binding structures. The findings that activated NK cell lysis may be specifically influenced by ras expression support a role for NK cells in host surveillance against early neoplastic changes.
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PMID:Enhanced lytic susceptibility of Ha-ras transformants after oncogene induction is specific to activated NK cells. 349 78

Copper, iron and zinc concentrations were measured in tissues of young (2 mo), mature (14 mo) and aged (26 mo) male Fischer rats fed either a normal protein (16% casein) or high protein (32% casein) diet for 30 d. Spleen copper concentrations decreased with maturity but were not affected by dietary protein level. Age, dietary protein and age X protein interaction affected spleen iron concentrations. Splenic iron was increased significantly only in mature and aged rats fed the normal protein diet. High protein-fed aged rats had decreased splenic zinc. High protein feeding increased renal zinc in the young and aged rats compared to normal protein feeding. At both protein levels, liver iron increased in the mature rats. Upon aging, zinc levels in the heart increased in the normal protein group and decreased in the high protein group. A significant interaction between age and protein was observed on heart zinc. Thus, the concentrations of tissue trace minerals are affected by age, dietary protein and protein X age interaction in young, mature and aged male rats.
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PMID:Effects of dietary protein concentration on trace minerals in rat tissues at different ages. 399 63

Four groups of 6-week-old C3H mice were injected sc with either sterile saline, 2.8 mg Cd/kg body weight, 2.8 mg Zn/kg body weight, or 2.8 mg each of Cd and Zn/kg body weight. Forty-eight hours after the initial injection, all mice received a second dose of their respective treatments plus an iv injection of sheep red blood cells. On Days 2, 3, 4, and 5 postimmunization the mice were killed. Spleen cells were used in a hemolytic plaque-forming assay for the quantitation of the primary humoral response. Although the combined administration of zinc and cadmium completely prevented the fatal effects of the cadmium (0 vs 55% mortality), zinc failed to alleviate the cadmium-induced inhibition of the humoral response.
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PMID:Cadmium-induced suppression of the primary immune response and acute toxicity in mice: differential interaction of zinc. 635 82

Zinc concentrations of serum, nonlymphoid and lymphoid tissues, and the responsiveness of concanavalin-A (Con-A)-stimulated spleen lymphocytes (SL) and cervical lymph node cells ( CLNC ) from ad libitum-fed zinc-deficient (ZD), pair-fed (PF) and ad libitum-fed zinc-adequate rats (AL) were determined. In vitro effects of serum from ZD, PF and AL rats on responsiveness of Con-A-stimulated SL and CLNC were determined. Weanling male Long-Evans rats were fed ad libitum zinc-deficient (less than 1.0 microgram Zn/g diet) and zinc-adequate (20 micrograms Zn/g diet) diets for 7-42 days. Effects of undernutrition on test parameters were determined on PF rats, which received a restricted zinc-adequate diet (restricted in amount to that consumed by ZD rats). Growth, food intake and zinc concentrations in serum, liver and pancreas were significantly depressed in ZD and PF rats. Zinc per gram of thymus tissue and per number of SL was elevated in ZD and PF rats. Spleen lymphocytes from ZD and PF rats displayed equivalent to significantly increased levels of proliferation following stimulation with Con-A. [3H]Thymidine incorporation by Con-A-stimulated SL and CLNC from ZD, PF and AL rats was not significantly different when cultured in medium containing serum from ZD, PF and AL rats. The present study shows that zinc deficiency causes major changes in total-body and organ growth but minor changes in zinc content and mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes.
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PMID:Reevaluation of zinc deficiency on concanavalin-A-induced rat spleen lymphocyte proliferation. 672 65


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