Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GTM) on various murine splenic lymphocytic functions were tested. The presence of GTM in cultures of splenic cells suppressed anti-hapten responses to both thymus-independent and thymus-dependent antigens. GTM also suppressed the in vitro generation of cytotoxic effector cells as well as the mitogenic response to both T cell and B cell mitogens. This suppression could not be reversed by the addition of irradiated spleen cells. Spleen cells exposed to GTM for 4 hr prior to culture also exhibited similarly suppressed functions, although their functional capacity could be fully restored by the addition of irradiated spleen cells. These results show that GTM inhibits both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms and appears to act primarily at the accessory (macrophage) cell level, with perhaps a secondary effect on T lymphocytes.
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PMID:Effect of gold sodium thiomalate on murine lymphocyte functions. 11 53

Spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice showed in vitro proliferative response against hapten-conjugated syngeneic spleen cells. Trinitrophenylated (TNP) spleen cells were prepared by treating normal spleen cells with sodium 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonate (TNBS). Four-day cultures of TNP-labelled spleen cells incorporated 2.5-7.4 times more [3H]thymidine than similar cultures of untreated spleen cells. An obviously positive mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) by normal spleen cells against mitomycin C (MC) treated TNP-labeled syngeneic spleen cells was observed after 4 days of culture. The MLR to TNP-labelled syngeneic cells was inhibited in the presence of epsilon-TNP-L-lysine by 23-37%. The spleen cells from the mice injected intraperitoneally with TNP-labelled syngeneic spleen cells showed a higher MLR against TNP-labelled spleen cells than normal spleen cells. The sensitized spleen cells also showed an increased response to MC-treated spleen cells. These results suggest that normal spleen cells include cells which can recognize the hapten and new antigenic determinants introduced into syngeneic spleen by chemical modification.
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PMID:In vitro proliferative response of BALB/c mouse spleen cells stimulated with trinitrophenylated syngeneic spleen cells. 12 44

The migration of splenic T and B lymphocytes into syngeneic tumors undergoing immunologic rejection was investigates. Spleen cells were obtained from normal BALC/c mice or BALB/c mice bearing tumors induced by murine sarcoma virus (MSV). Either whole spleen cells or immunoabsorbent purified T and B cells were radiolabeled with sodium chromate-51 and injected i.v. into normal or MSV inducted-tumor bearing syngeneic recipients. Twenty-four hours later the recipient mice were sacrificed and radioactivity was assessed for tumor, contralateral normal muscle, the lymph nodes draining the tumor and contralateral draining lymph nodes, peripheral lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Both T and B lymphocytes from either normal or MSV tumor-bearing animals show greatly increased migration into the tumor when compared with normal muscle. Migration of T cells from both normal and MSV tumor bearers was 30 times that of migration to normal muscle. B cells from tumor-bearing mice, on the other hand, localized in the tumor itself only 50% as frequently as did B cells from normal animals. In addition, T cells from MSV tumor bearers were found in the highest proportion in the lymph node draining the tumor site. We conclude that T and B lymphocytes from either normal or tumor-bearing mice migrate to a syngeneic tumor undergoing immunologic rejection. In contrast, the migration of both T and B cells from tumor-bearing animals was decreased to the peripheral lymph nodes at the time of maximum tumor growth.
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PMID:T and B lymphocyte migration into syngeneic tumors. 30 Mar 84

In an effort to define the cellular basis of abnormalities in polyclonal B cell activation previously noted in NZB mice, the surface immunoglobulin (sIg) isotypes of spleen cells from NZB mice were examined. After lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination, the cell surface immunoglobulins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Spleen cells from 8- to 10-week-old NZB mice were found to have an increased ratio of cell surface IgM/IgD compared to cells from 11 control strains. The altered ratio of sIg isotypes was not a consequence of increased proteolytic activity present in NZB cell suspensions or of the presence of cytophilic antibody or autoantibody. Ontogenetic studies of the sIgM/sIgD (mu/delta) ration on splenocytes from NZB and BALB/c mice revealed that the former cells had higher mu/delta ratios as early as 2 weeks after birth. By 4 weeks of age the mu/delta ratios were equivalent. Between 4 weeks and 1 year of age, the mu/delta ratios on NZB splenocytes remained constant whereas those on BALB/c splenocytes decreased and reached adult levels at 6 weeks.
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PMID:Characterization of a B cell defect in the NZB mouse manifested by an increased ratio of surface IgM to IgD. 30 25

Spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with human thymocytes were fused with the myeloma line P3-NS 1/1 Ag 4.1. One of the resulting hybrid clones (NA 1/34) secreted an antibody that was highly specific for human thymocytes. Eighty-five % of thymocytes expressed the antigen designated HTA1. There were an estimated 15 x 10(4) molecules of HTA 1 per cell, and it is therefore a major surface molecule. The expression of this antigen on thymocytes appears to be reciprocal to HLA, as recognized by another monoclonal antibody W6/32. Immunoprecipitated material from [125I]-labeled thymocyte membranes was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate which disclosed a single component of 45,000 molecular weight.
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PMID:A human thymocyte antigen defined by a hybrid myeloma monoclonal antibody. 37 18

Cerium chloride (1:3 complex with sodium citrate) was administered to male Swiss mice (6 to 8 weeks old) either intragastrically or subcutaneously at the 7 day LD5 or LD25 level. Open field behavior (ambulations, rearings) was quantified and tissue/organ Ce levels determined at 4 hr., 1, 3 or 7 days post administration. Via the i.g. route, Ce was poorly absorbed resulting in no observable behavioral alterations and no correlations between behavior and tissue levels. Via the s.c. route, Ce significantly (p less than 0.05) depressed ambulations and rearings, mainly at short times following administration of the LD25 dose. Analogous findings were obtained in a separate study of exploratory behavior. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) correlation between open field behavior and tissue Ce levels: thus, rearings were inversely correlated with lung, stomach, cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem Ce levels and ambulations were inversely correlated with liver, kidney, lung, blood, stomach, intestine, muscle, cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem levels. Spleen Ce levels and ambulations were directly correlated and it is speculated that the spleen may serve a protective function in the case of Ce intoxication.
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PMID:Cerium tissue/organ distribution and alterations in open field and exploratory behavior following acute exposure of the mouse to cerium (citrate). 73 32

Rat heart and spleen slices were incubated with 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine-1-14C(14C-DMPEA) in Krebs medium at 37 C. At the end of 5-20 min of incubation, the heart did not take up the radioactivity while the spleen did. The Km and Vmax values of uptake in the spleen were 1 x 10(-4) M and 20 nmole/g per min, respectively, and the uptake was reduced to 16.0-35.1% in the cold (4 C) and to 40.3-64.0% in Na+-free medium. Thus, the uptake was an energy-dependent active process but was only partially Na+-dependent. Spleen slices incubated with 14C-DMPEA-free medium for 15 min following incubation with 14C-DMPEA retained 41.0-74.8% of radioactivity. The uptake was insensitive to norepinephrine (0.313 and 0.939 muM), dopamine (9.98 muM), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 muM), cocaine (14.8 muM), 1-amphetamine (0.3 and 300 muM), d-amphetamine (300 muM), and normetanephrine (45.7 muM). 6-Hydroxydopamine treatment of rats, which produced 93% reduction in the splenic norepinephrine content, did not significantly reduce uptake. Thus, the uptake of DMPEA into the spleen is not by adrenergic neurones.
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PMID:Uptake of 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine-1-14C (14C-DMPEA) by rat tissues in vitro. 126 77

The effects of changes in photoperiod length upon body weight; spleen, thymus, and testis weights; testis protein content; testis cation pump enzyme activities; and plasma testosterone were studied in the developing Siberian hamster, Phodopus sungorus. Male hamsters were exposed to a cycle of 16L:8D (long-day), until Day 18 when half were switched to a 10L:14D (short-day) cycle, until killed 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 12, or 15 days later. Body weight and relative testis weight (expressed as percentage of body weight) increased steadily during the first week of exposure. After 10 days, the long-day hamsters consistently weighed more (p less than 0.05). Relative testis weights in the short-day group began to decrease (p less than 0.005) within 10 days and continued to decline. Testis homogenate K(+)-pNPPase- (as a measure of Na+,K(+)-ATPase) and Mg(2+)-pNPPase-specific activities closely paralleled testis weight, with the short-day animals (p less than 0.05) differing after 10 days. Plasma testosterone levels remained below adult levels through exposure Day 15, but were relatively lower (p less than 0.05) in the short-day group after 10 days. Spleen weights were similar for the long- and short-day groups. The short-day group had larger thymus weights after 12 days (p less than 0.05), but thymus enzyme activities did not differ between the two groups. We conclude that cation pump activities in the Siberian hamster testis are significantly affected by changes in photoperiod length.
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PMID:Effects of short photoperiod on ATPase activities in the testis of the immature Siberian hamster. 132 8

Spleen cells from mice immunized with a Bordetella pertussis N-lauroyl sarcosine membrane extract (SME) were used to generate hybridoma cells lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Seven mAbs were shown to be specific to B. pertussis lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) by immunoblotting of SME or purified LOS following SDS-PAGE. All mAbs reacted with the B. pertussis Tohama I strain of the LOS AB phenotype, and did not react with the atypical variant strain 134 of the LOS B phenotype. The immune reactivity of the mAbs was retained after treatment of SME with proteinase K and was lost after sodium periodate treatment. No cross-reactivity was observed with the mAbs when tested against B. parapertussis and other Gram-negative bacteria. However, all mAbs reacted with B. bronchiseptica. Binding assays with live B. pertussis cells demonstrated that mAbs strongly reacted with cell surface exposed antigenic determinants. High bacterial cell lytic capability was observed for five of these mAbs. Concentrations between 0.22 and 2.2 micrograms mAb ml-1 (0.1 and 1 microgram per 450 microliter assay) purified by protein A were required to kill at least 50% of the bacteria. Competition immunoassays with biotinylated antibodies showed that the bacteriolytic and non-bacteriolytic mAbs were directed to different epitopes of the B. pertussis LOS A.
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PMID:Characterization and comparative bactericidal activity of monoclonal antibodies to Bordetella pertussis lipo-oligosaccharide A. 171 58

Dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula were exposed to 50 mg/l Cd for 4 days for inducing metallothionein synthesis. Spleen, pancreas, kidney and gonads were dissected out and metallothionein presence was checked by means of gel filtration chromatography in Sephadex G-75 and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. In pancreas and kidney, a cadmium-binding protein with spectroscopical and electrophoretic properties similar to those of dogfish liver metallothionein was found. In the other organs, the existence of an analogue protein but at very low concentrations is feasible.
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PMID:Cadmium induction of metallothioneins in several dogfish organs. 192 66


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