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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spleen cells collected from DBA/2 (H-2d) mice inoculated with the polycythemic variant of Friend-Leukemia Virus Complex (FLV-P) were tested for T-dependent immune functions, such as the in vitro generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and of non-specific T suppressor lymphocytes (STL). CTL were generated against H-2b splenocytes, and STL were obtained following a 5-day lymphocyte culture without stimulator cells. A progressive and severe impairment of the generation of both CLT and STL was found from 2 weeks onward after infection, being almost totally abolished 3-4 weeks after virus challenge. Suppressor cells (SC) capable of inhibiting CTL generation was detected in FLV-P bearing mice. Suppressor activity was unaffected by anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement but was removed following iron-magnet depletion or passage through nylon-wool column. Moreover complete recovery of the competence of CTL generation was attained when FLV-P infected splenocytes were passed through nylon-wool column. It is concluded that FLV-P infection depresses T-dependent cytotoxic and suppressor responses in mice, by the appearance of non-T adherent phagocytic cells, capable of impairing CTL generation in vitro.
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PMID:Impairment of in vitro generation of cytotoxic or T suppressor lymphocytes by Friend leukemia virus infection in mice. 645 95

The i.v. injection of high doses (3 mg) of BCG into C3H mice bearing a transplantable 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma caused the regression of a significant proportion. This effect was most evident when the BCG was injected on the day of the graft, or 7 days later. The injection of this agent either 14 days before the graft, or in low doses (0.1 or 0.5 mg), or directly into the tumour (i.t.) only prolonged the survival of the animals. Spleen cells from systemic high-dose BCG-treated mice were found to exert a strong nonspecific cytostatic effect in vitro that was not an artefact of the test conditions, and was not expressed by cells from low-dose animals. The cytostatic effect was shown to be caused by cells with the characteristics of macrophages, i.e. they were strongly adherent, unaffected by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 + C', radioresistant but heat-sensitive, and were detected in BCG-treated "B" mice. The spleens of high-dose BCG-treated mice also contained suppressor cells that were capable of inhibiting the in vitro reactivity of normal T cells to PHA. Like the cytostatic effect, this suppressor activity was not detected in low-dose mice, and the cells responsible had the properties of macrophages; the effect was lost after the removal of adherent cells by sequential exposure to plastic and colloidal iron, but was conserved after treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 + C'. T-cell-deprived animals, such as "B" or nude mice, also developed suppressor-cell activity when treated with systemic high-dose BCG. Close parallels became evident between the in vivo anti-tumour activity of BCG, the in vitro cytostatic effect, and the suppressor-cell activity. We here discuss the possible role of suppressor cells in the mechanism of action of this agent.
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PMID:Possible role of macrophage-like suppressor cells in the anti-tumour activity of BCG. 645 97

Spleen cells from chickens with hereditary muscular dystrophy (MD) give low blastogenic responses to the T cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) while exhibiting normal mitogen stimulated blastogenic responses to the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The addition of MD spleen cells to normal spleen cells caused a marked suppression of the Con A response of the normal cells while not affecting the PHA response of the normal cells. The suppressive activity by the MD spleen cells requires viable cells and is contact mediated. The suppressive activity is attributed to the presence in MD spleens of a population of suppressor cells with characteristics typical of macrophages. The suppressor cell activity was not removable by complement-mediated lysis using anti-T or anti-B sera, but it was reversible by treatment with carrageenan or carbonyl iron magnet, by passage through a Sephadex G-10 column, and by adherence to plastic petri dishes or glass beads. MD spleen cells depleted of the suppressor cell population remained unable to respond to Con A.
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PMID:Suppression of Con A mitogen-induced proliferation of normal spleen cells by macrophages from chickens with hereditary muscular dystrophy. 672 45

T1 relaxation values of rat liver and spleen tissue have been measured over a 6-month period whilst feeding with p-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene (DAB). Measurements of tissue water and iron content have also been made. A small rise in liver T1 value during the early stages of DAB feeding, from a control value of 296 +/- 12 ms to 318 +/- 12 ms after 3 weeks, probably reflected toxic reaction to the diet rather than preneoplastic changes. Spleen T1 value showed a considerable decrease over this same period, from a mean control value of 505 +/- 14 ms to 394 +/- 21 ms after 3 weeks on the diet. The possible origins of this change are discussed.
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PMID:DAB-induced changes in NMR relaxation times, water and iron content of rat tissue. 677 55

The natural cytotoxic activity of lymphoid cell populations from control and BCG-stimulated rats was examined using four target cell lines, K562, CCRF/CEM, Bri8 and Mc40. In control rats, the cytotoxicity of peritoneal cells was below that of spleen cells but above that of peripheral lymph node cells. Intraperitoneal injection of BCG induced a significant dose and time-dependent augmentation of cytotoxicity by peritoneal cells from W/Not and PVG/c rats, against all four cell lines. The increased activity reached a peak on days 4 and 5 after injection and returned to control levels by day 12. Spleen and lymph node cells from stimulated rats did not show increased cytotoxicity. K562 and CCRF/CEM target cells were considerably more susceptible to killing than Bri8 and Mc40 target cells. Separation of peritoneal cells from BCG-treated rats by density-gradient centrifugation gave an interface population, enriched with mononuclear cells showing high cytotoxic activity and a pellet population enriched with polymorphs showing very low activity. Nylon-fibre column filtration gave non-adherent and adherent cytotoxic populations. Cytotoxic activity was not diminished by removing cells adhering to Sephadex G10 or cells phagocytosing carbonyl iron, suggesting that much of the activity in this system was due to non-phagocytic mononuclear cell populations.
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PMID:The effect of BCG stimulation on natural cytotoxicity in the rat. 700 68

We have reviewed the application of our in vitro assay for human tumor stem cells to the cloning of human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells in soft agar. Tumor colonies grew from both effusions and biopsies from 85% of more than 100 ovarian cancer patients tested. Up to 2,000 colonies appeared after 10 to 14 days in culture, yielding a maximum plating efficiency of 1%. Cells from nonmalignant effusions did not form colonies under these conditions. The number of tumor colonies was proportional to the number of cells plated between concentrations of 104 to 106 cells/dish. Morphological and histochemical criteria showed that the colonies consisted of cells with the same characteristics as those of the original tumor. H3Tdr suicide colony-forming cells were actively in transient through the cell cycle. Removal of phagocytic cells with carbonyl iron markedly reduced the plating efficiency, and 2-mercaptoethanol could only partially substitute for macrophages. Spleen cell-conditioned medium from oil-primed BALB/c mice was not required. Endogenous macrophages within the tumor may provide the conditioning factor or factors required for in vitro growth. Thus, this assay is proving extremely useful for studying the biology and drug sensitivity of human ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Development of a bioassay for ovarian carcinoma colony-forming cells. 720 27

Developmental changes in tissue concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc were determined from birth to day 60 in the hybrid mouse. Liver, iron, and copper concentrations decreased by 80% during the first 2 weeks of life. After 4 weeks more, liver iron concentrtion increased to levels similar to those found at birth, while copper concentrations remained low. Liver zinc concentrations did not change during the experimental period. Brain iron, copper, and zinc concentrations increased during the postnatal period. The increases in iron and zinc concentrations were gradual, with 35% overall increases. Copper concentration increased by 350%, primarily between day 7 and day 22. Kidney iron concentration was constant until day 26, but between day 26 and 60 it increased by 100%. Kidney copper concentration increased from birth to day 28 by about 40%, and then remained constant. Kidney zinc concentratin did not change with age. Spleen iron concentration did not change until day 40, then increased by about 200% to day 50. Spleen copper and spleen zinc concentrations did not change with age. These observations identify several time periods in which concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc are changing rapidly in tissues of the young mouse. The identification of these patterns allows the investigator to choose optimum time periods for the study of mineral metabolism during the postnatal period.
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PMID:Developmental changes in concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc in mouse tissues. 743 4

In order to understand the splenic toxicity of aniline in rats, early interaction of aniline with erythrocytes and its subsequent deposition and covalent binding to macromolecules in target (spleen) and nontarget (liver) organs have been studied. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given 1 or 3 doses of 1 mmol/kg [14C]aniline hydrochloride (1 dose/d) by gavage and euthanized 24 h after the treatment. Among blood components, maximum radioactivity was found to be associated with red blood cells (RBCs). After 3 doses, there was 112, 79, and 67% increase in the radioactivity in the whole blood, RBCs, and hemolysate, respectively, in comparison to 1 dose. In comparison to RBCs, plasma had only 40 and 16% radioactivity after the administration of 1 and 3 doses, respectively. Spleen homogenate at 1 dose had one-third of the radioactivity in the TCA precipitate, which increased to 40% at 3 doses, while the total radioactivity increased 256% over 1 dose. Liver, which had almost double the radioactivity on a per gram tissue basis compared to the spleen at one dose, did not show any appreciable increase in the radioactivity at three doses. However, radioactivity in the TCA precipitate of liver homogenate increased by 92% after 3 doses. The iron content of the spleen in rats given 3 doses of [14C]aniline increased by 85% compared to the rats given just 1 dose. The iron content of liver did not show any change at three doses. These data thus demonstrate a dose-dependent binding and accumulation of radioactivity in erythrocytes and spleen. These interactions, along with parallel increases in the iron content of the spleen, could be critical in the splenic toxicity of anilines.
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PMID:Erythrocyte-aniline interaction leads to their accumulation and iron deposition in rat spleen. 772 74

In order to investigate the relationship between spleen and muscle, the changes of trace elements, enzyme activity, adenine nucleotides and energy charge (EC) in the skeletal muscle of rats with Syndrome of Spleen Qi Deficiency (SQD) were studied, the curative effects of Sijunzi Tang (SJZT) for SQD were observed too. Results showed that in comparing with normal rats, the levels of ATP and EC lowered significantly (ATP P < 0.01, EC P < 0.001), the enzyme activity of the anaerobic glycolysis increased significantly (P < 0.05), the zinc and iron concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) while the copper, potassium and sodium concentrations were lower than normal significantly (P < 0.05). These changes could be corrected after treatment with SJZT for strengthening spleen and tonifying qi. Above-mentioned results suggested that the mechanism of spleen qi deficiency is closely related to the abnormal energy metabolism, and the TCM theory of spleen dominating muscles might have its scientific basis.
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PMID:[Changes in some elements, enzymes and energy charge in skeletal muscle of rats with spleen qi deficiency]. 813 49

In rats with Mat Lylu prostatic carcinoma, significant changes in blood composition and red blood cell (RBC) characteristics were observed. Anaemia, characterised by a decrease in the number of RBC and the reduction of haemoglobin and the iron content in plasma, was correlated with tumour size and the accumulation of spermidine and spermine in the RBC. In large tumours, spermidine levels were increased by 8-fold over normal value. Spleen weight and splenic spermidine concentrations were enhanced in animals with tumours. After splenectomy, the rate of tumour growth decreased by 30%. It is proposed that anaemia in tumour-bearing animals is caused by enhanced RBC lysis, owing to the alteration of the rheological properties of RBC. These may be caused by the alterated surface characteristics due to polyamine accumulation. RBC lysis and high concentrations of polyamines in RBC and spleen appear, not only to favour tumour growth, but also to compromise the immunological defence mechanisms against neoplastic invasion.
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PMID:Red blood cell polyamines, anaemia and tumour growth in the rat. 866 48


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