Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Addition of CT to suspensions of thymus, lymph node, spleen, or bone marrow cells in vitro resulted in a marked accumulation of cAMP with peak levels occurring 4-5 hr after incubation of cells with CT. Thymus cells showed the largest increase in cAMP, approximately 40-fold at 10 ng/ml CT. Bone marrow cells accumulated the least cAMP (1.5x), while intermediate levels were observed for spleen and lymph node cells (10-12x). Antiserum to CT prevented stimulation of increased cAMP levels. Repopulation studies using X-irradiated mice also showed that thymus-derived spleen cells accumulated more cAMP/10-7 cells than spleen cells from recipients given spleen or marrow cells. Spleen cells from athymic (nu/nu) mice also responded much less than did spleen cells from normal mice. Thymocytes appeared to bind CT to a greater degree than bone marrow cells. Spleen and lymph node cell suspensions also contained CT-binding cells and the number of CT-binding cells in these peripheral lymphoid tissues appeared approximately equal to the summation of the numbers observed in thymocyte and bone marrow cell suspensions. Stimulation of cAMP in lymphoid cells, especially thymocytes, by CT provides a pharmacological tool to investigate the mechanism and role of this nucleotide in the early events of antibody formation.
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PMID:Elevated cyclic AMP levels in mouse lymphoid tissue after stimulation by cholera enterotoxin in vitro (38468) 16 22

BALB/c spleen cells (5 x 10(6)) were cultured in 1 ml of serum-free RPMI 1640 medium for 3 days in order to examine the effect of cholera enterotoxin (CN) and its spontaneously formed toxoid (CD) on lymphocyte stimulation. Stimulation was assessed after addition of [3H] thymidine for the last 16 hours of culture. One microgram of CN per culture markedly reduced the baseline of [3H] thymidine incorporation and the stimulation due to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (con A) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One microgram of CD diminished the base-line to half, abolished the response to PHA, reduced the response to con A and had very little effect on the LPS-induced stimulation. One-tenth the amount (0-1 mug) of both CN and CD affected only the PHA reaction. A secondary response to haemocyanin in vitro was not decreased by this lower dose. The effect of 1 mug on CN on the LPS response could be reduced by pretreatment of the cells with CD, whereas the PHA reaction remained markedly diminished. Dibutyryl-cAMP added to culture tubes had a similar effect ot 1 mug of CN, affecting the PHA response much more than the response to LPS. Spleen cells of mice immunized with CD gave a significant proliferative response to both 1 mug of CD and CN. The results are interpreted as indicating a strong inhibitory effect of CN mediated by accumulation of intracellular cAMP. CD-immunized cells contain specific receptors for both CD and CN which probably compete with the sites responsible for adenylate cyclase stimulation by CN.
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PMID:The differential effect of cholera toxin on the lymphocyte stimulation induced by various mitogens. 16 98

Spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice immunized with a DBA/2 mastocytoma (P815) were harvested at various stages of the immune response and cultured in vitro in the presence and absence of antigen. Killer T cell activity in immune spleens could not be demonstrated until 6 or 7 days after antigen, but spleen cells harvested as early as 3 or 4 days and cultured for 24 hr at 37 degrees C showed significant cytotoxicity. This increased activity was not augmented further by culturing with antigen. "Memory" T cells, whose in vitro differentiation into killer cells required the presence of antigen, could not be demonstrated until 9 or 10 days after alloantigenic stimulation. Once produced, however, these cells persisted for at least 6 months. Memory cells, like killer T cells bound avidly to homologous allogeneic monolayers. There were indications that the memory T cell pool was heterogeneous. On one hand, when cells harvested 10 days after stimulation were exposed to antigen in vitro, their lytic activity increased within 24 hr but showed no further increases when the culture period was extended. In contrast, 45-day-old immune cells showed increasing lytic activity throughout a 4-day exposure to antigen. Augmentation of lytic activity in both cell populations was independent of DNA synthesis through the first 24 hr of culture. Subsequent increases in the activity of 45-day cells was dependent upon cell proliferation. Both the antigen-independent augmentation of lytic activity which followed culturing of immune cells, and the antigen-induced differentiation of memory cells were reversibly inhibited by a series of drugs which raised lymphocyte cAMP levels.
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PMID:Studies on T cell clonal expansion. II. The in vitro differentiation of pre-killer and memory T cells. 17 99

Spleen cells from C3H/HeJ mice are known to be unresponsive to mitogenic stimulation by LPS. We show here that T and B cell precursors of C3H/HeJ mice are unresponsive to induction of differentiation by LPS. Phenotypic differentiation of C3H/HeJ lymphocytes can be induced with DB-cAMP, Lipid A-associated protein, and with a serum factor induced by LPS in LPS responder strains.
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PMID:Induction of phenotypic lymphocyte differentiation in LPS unresponsive mice by an LPS-induced serum factor and by lipid A-associated protein. 19

Plasma of cAMP and cGMP in 30 cases of chronic active hepatitis (group of cholestatic patients) as well as in 20 cases of chronic hepatitis with submassive or massive necrosis (group of chronic severe hepatitis patients) were studied with 125I-marked radioimmunoassay. 50 cases with their serum bilirubin levels higher than 171 mumol/L were selected as subjects for this study. Among them, 42 were diagnosed as hepatitis B, 6 as coinfection of hepatitis A and B. According to differentiation of symptoms and signs of TCM, 24 were diagnosed as simple hepatitis due to blood stasis and blood heat, 17 as hepatitis due to blood stasis and blood heat accompanying symptoms of Yang deficiency of the Spleen and Kidney. 20 healthy persons were selected as controls. The results were as follows: cAMP was 56.82 +/- 25.54 ng/L and 80.32 +/- 20.73 ng/L, and cGMP was 9.07 +/- 6.56 ng/L and 19.49 +/- 9.34 ng/L in the group of cholestatic patients and in the group of chronic severe hepatitis patients respectively. Both were higher than those in the control group whose cAMP was 14.12 +/- 3.25 ng/L and cGMP was 5.87 +/- 1.44 ng/L (P less than 0.01). Increase in cGMP and decrease in the ratio of cAMP and cGMP in the cases accompanying symptoms of Yang deficiency of the Spleen and Kidney were much higher than those in the other two types of hepatitis patients (P less than 0.01 and 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Relation of changes in plasma cAMP, cGMP and the clinical conditions, pathology and the type of traditional Chinese medicine in 50 cases of chronic severe icteric hepatitis]. 216 73

In order to investigate the nature of Spleen deficiency and the mechanism of immunodepression due to Spleen deficiency and explore the pharmacological action of Chinese drugs of Yiqi Jianpi decoction (YQJP), the authors had established the rats model by administration Rhubarb. The preliminary results demonstrated that the symptoms manifested in rats were similar to those of Spleen deficiency syndrome. The changes of cyclic nucleotides in the spleen and plasma were unanimous. The cAMP level and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP decreased significantly while cGMP level increased significantly. Adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in the spleen reduced remarkably while cAMP-PDE activity had little changes. After the administration of YQJP, the symptoms of Spleen deficiency improved to normal extent. YQJP elevated the cAMP level, the ratio of cAMP/cGMP and AC activity while it lowered the cGMP level. The results showed that the changes of cyclic nucleotides level and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP were important targets of Spleen deficiency and that the action of YQJP followed the change of the ratio of cAMP/cGMP. The results of this study indicated that immunodepression of Rhubarb was due to depressing AC activity and reducing the ratio of cAMP/cGMP. The readjusting action of YQJP was concerned with AC system. This study supplied Spleen deficiency and YQJP with certain data in biochemical mechanism and pharmacological function.
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PMID:[Changes in cyclic nucleotides and its enzymes in the spleen and plasma of similar spleen deficiency rats induced by rhubarb and the readjusting function of yiqi jianpi decoction]. 217 77

We observed cyclic nucleotide content of plasma, brain and Spleen tissues when analgesia was produced by acupuncture at the Zusanli. The restrained group without acupuncture was as blank control and acupuncture at Taichong as acupuncture control. We found that after acupuncture at Zusanli the concentration of cyclic nucleotide in plasma was increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the cAMP concentration of spleen had a tendency of enhancement, but the content of cAMP in the cortex had a tendency of decrease. The concentration of cAMP, cGMP and its ratio cAMP/cGMP was different in cortex and spinal cord between acupuncture at Zusanli and Taichong groups. These results showed that acupuncture at Zusanli and Taichong could induce different changes of concentration of cAMP and cGMP.
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PMID:[The influence of acupuncture at zusanli on cyclic nucleotide contents of plasma, different brain regions and spleen in rats]. 783 52

Cannabinoid compounds, including the major psychoactive component of marihuana, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC), have been widely established as being inhibitory on a broad array of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The presence of cannabinoid receptors has been identified recently on mouse spleen cells, which possess structural and functional characteristics similar to those of the G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptor originally identified in rat brain. These findings, together with those demonstrating that delta 9-THC inhibits adenylate cyclase in splenocytes, strongly suggest that certain aspects of immune inhibition by cannabinoids may be mediated through a cannabinoid receptor-associated mechanism. The objective of the present studies was to determine whether inhibition of adenylate cyclase is relevant to mouse spleen cell immune function and, if so, whether this inhibition is mediated through a Gi-protein coupled mechanism as previously described in neuronal tissue. Spleen cell activation by the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), plus the calcium ionophore ionomycin, produced a rapid but transient increase in cytosolic cAMP, which was inhibited completely by immunosuppressive concentrations of delta 9-THC (22 microM) and the synthetic bicyclic cannabinoid CP-55940 (5.2 microM), which produced no effect on cell viability. Inhibition by cannabinoids of lymphocyte proliferative responses to PMA plus ionomycin and sheep erythrocyte (sRBC) IgM antibody-forming cell (AFC) response, was abrogated completely by low concentrations of dibutyryl-cAMP (10-100 microM). Inhibition of the sRBC AFC response by both delta 9-THC (22 microM) and CP-55940 (5.2 microM) was also abrogated by preincubation of splenocytes for 24 hr with pertussis toxin (0.1-100 ng/mL). Pertussis toxin pretreatment of spleen cells was also found to directly abrogate cannabinoid inhibition of adenylate cyclase, as measured by forskolin-stimulated accumulation of intracellular cAMP. These results indicate that inhibition of the sRBC AFC response by cannabinoids is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of adenylate cyclase through a pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi-protein coupled cannabinoid receptor. Additionally, these studies further support the premise that cAMP is an important mediator of lymphocyte activation.
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PMID:Suppression of the humoral immune response by cannabinoids is partially mediated through inhibition of adenylate cyclase by a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein coupled mechanism. 798 1

Eighty-eight gastropathic patients with Spleen deficiency syndrome by using transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray energy disperse analysis system (EDAX), histochemical staining and radioimmuno methods were examined. The authors found that the gastric mucosa cAMP, SOD level, the quantity of mitochondria and its crista, the ratio of diameter between ventricle and cavity of mitochondria and the content of Zn, Cu of mitochondria were reduced in the trend of healthy control group, Spleen Qi deficiency group, Spleen deficiency with Qi stagnation group; chronic superficial gastritis group, chronic atrophic gastritis group, gastric cancer group: complete small intestinal metaplasia group, incomplete small intestinal metaplasia group, complete colonic intestinal metaplasia group, incomplete colonic intestinal metaplasia group (P < 0.05-0.001). While the degeneration rate of mitochondria, the Cu/Zn ratio of mitochondria, the metaplasia rate of gastric, the rate of incomplete colonic intestinal metaplasia and the content of serum LPO were increased in the above turn. It is suggested that the comprehensive effect of the degeneration of mitochondria and the quantitative changes of its correlative factors is the physiopathologic base for inducing Spleen deficiency disease, gastric mucosa metaplasia and canceration. Much attention must be paid in clinic to the cancerization trend of gastric disease with Spleen deficiency syndrome.
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PMID:[Study on mitochondrial ultrastructure, trace elements and correlative factors of gastric mucosa in patients with spleen deficiency syndrome]. 873 38

One hundred and forty-three patients were diagnosed as chronic superficial atrophic gastritis of gastric antrum or with metaplasia by means of gastroscopic observation with pathological biopsy examination. They were divided into 4 types (the Spleen-Stomach Cold-Deficiency type, Disharmonious of Liver and Stomach type, Spleen-Stomach Yin Deficiency type and Spleen Deficiency with Qi-Stagnation type) and subdivided according to treatment into two groups, 75 patients of treatment group of above-mentioned 4 types were treated with Piweiping capsule (PWPC) I, II, III, IV respectively, 68 patients of control group were all treated with Sanjiu Weitai (SJWT). After 3-6 months of treatment, the improvement of gastric mucosa cyclic adenosine monophosphate, deoxyribonucleic acid, 3H-thymopyrimidine nucleoside and lymphocyte transformation of treatment group were all superior to that of control group, P < 0.05-0.001. The curative rate and total effective rate of symptomatic effect of treatment group were 49.3% and 92.0%, while at intestinal metaplasia of treatment group were 45.3% and 62.7%. As in control group, they were 29.4%, 67.6%, 10.3% and 29.4% respectively. The difference between two groups was significant, P < 0.001. These results suggested that the PWPC could reverse the intestinal metaplasia through improving the gastric cAMP, DNA and strengthening the cellular immunity and the effect would be enhanced when the treatment was based on syndrome differentiation.
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PMID:[Clinical study on the piweiping capsule in treating patients with metaplasia of gastric mucosa]. 938 20


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