Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A practical synthesis of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (IV) in yields of 68-72% from adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate 5'-phosphate (II) is described. Reaction of II with triethylamine-N-sulfonic acid affords adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (III) which, on treatment with ribonuclease-T2, provides IV. Spleen phosphodiesterase, on the other hand, converts III to 2'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (V). The biological activity of IV, measured by sulfate transfer to [6,7-3H2]estrone as mediated by bovine adrenal estrone sulfotransferase (3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:estrone 3-sulfotransferase, EC 2.8.2.4), is identical with that obtained with a sample of IV prepared by an established biochemical procedure. By contrast, V exhibits approximately one-third the activity of the natural isomer.
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PMID:Studies on bovine adrenal estrogen sulfotransferase. III. Facile synthesis of 3'-phospho- and 2'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate. 18 16

The intraperitoneal administration of PtCl4 or Pd(NO3)2 at levels of 28 or 56 mumole/kg body weight decreased the thymidine incorporation into DNA of spleen, liver, kidney, and testis. Spleen was most sensitive to both the platinum and the palladium salt. In liver, DNA syntheses in parenchymal cells and stromal cells were about equally sensitive to PtCl4. In control rats, only 20-30% of the 3H in the acid-soluble fraction of liver or spleen was in the form of thymidine and its phosphate esters 2 hr after the intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine; prior injection of PtCl4 (56 mumol/kg body weight) did not change the pattern.
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PMID:Effect of platinum and palladium salts on thymidine incorporation into DNA of rat tissues. 122 61

The therapeutic effect of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSP) in old New Zealand Black/White F1 mice (B/W mice) with clinical nephropathy was studied and compared with cyclophosphamide (CY). The mice were treated with 0.05 ml phosphate-buffered saline, subcutaneously, four times/week, with DSP, 6 mg/kg body weight, s.c., four times/week, or with CY, 15 mg/kg, i.p., once a week, starting at the 28th week of age. They were serially semiquantitated for proteinuria, and serum IgG anti-dsDNA antibody was measured by ELISA. Spleen cell surface markers such as L3T4, Lyt2 and IgG were flow-cytometrically analyzed, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity in vitro was measured using CTLL cells. Kidney specimens were studied with light and immunofluorescence microscopy. The mice treated with either CY or DSP survived significantly longer than the control mice. L3T4+ cells in the DSP-treated mice at 40 weeks of age were significantly less than those in the 28-week-old control mice (p less than 0.05). In contrast, IL-2 generation in the three groups of mice showed no significant variations at 32-40 weeks of age. Serum anti-DNA antibody levels in both of the CY and DSP groups remained low and comparable with that in the 28-week-old mice, and the incidence of significant proteinuria decreased. Likewise, glomerular histology in the treated groups was improved compared with the 28-week-old control mice, and the deposition of IgG and C3 in the treated groups remained unchanged or further decreased. Accordingly, the renal (immuno)histological findings in the DSP group were quite comparable with or even better than those in the CY-treated mice. DSP may have suppressed the abnormal antibody production by modulating the T cell function(s), which is in contrast to the direct action against B cells due to CY.
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PMID:Reversal of established nephropathy in New Zealand B/W F1 mice by 15-deoxyspergualin. 204 19

A new method of labelling human RBCs with 99mTc by the use of Sn-alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate (GP) is presented. It was tested for spleen imaging in 16 normal volunteers. The labelling was carried out during the heating (30 min at 49.5 degrees C) to damage the cells and cooling (10 min at R.T.) steps. The labelling efficiency was 95.5 +/- 1.5% with Sn-GP and was better than Sn-PYP (61.5 +/- 25.0%). The radioactivity retention of RBCs was greater than 96% after 6 washings. The spleen was delineated very well in all the subjects. The spleen activity reached a plateau at 20 min post-injection. Spleen-to-liver and spleen-to-cardiac blood pool concentration ratios were high (10.4 +/- 2.2 and 10.1 +/- 3.2, respectively) calculated at 30 min. The method is simple, rapid and efficient.
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PMID:A simple and efficient method of labelling RBCs with 99mTc for spleen imaging. 234 Dec 90

The first two steps of urea synthesis in liver of marine elasmobranchs involve formation of glutamine from ammonia and of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine, catalysed by glutamine synthetase and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, respectively [Anderson & Casey (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 456-462]; both of these enzymes are localized exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix. The objective of this study was to establish the enzymology of carbamoyl phosphate formation and utilization for pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish), a representative elasmobranch. Aspartate carbamoyltransferase could not be detected in liver of dogfish. Spleen extracts, however, had glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, aspartate carbamoyltransferase, dihydro-orotase, and glutamine synthetase activities, all localized in the cytosol; dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, and orotidine-5'-decarboxylase activities were also present. Except for glutamine synthetase, the levels of all activities were very low. The carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase activity is inhibited by UTP and is activated by 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate. The first three enzyme activities of the pyrimidine pathway were eluted in distinctly different positions during gel filtration chromatography under a number of different conditions; although complete proteolysis of inter-domain regions of a multifunctional complex during extraction cannot be excluded, the evidence suggests that in dogfish, in contrast to mammalian species, these three enzymes of the pyrimidine pathway exist as individual polypeptide chains. These results: (1) establish that dogfish express two different glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase activities, (2) confirm the report [Smith, Ritter & Campbell (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 198-202] that dogfish express two different glutamine synthetases, and (3) provide indirect evidence that glutamine may not be available in liver for biosynthetic reactions other than urea formation.
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PMID:Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase and other enzyme activities related to the pyrimidine pathway in spleen of Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish). 257 May 70

The dolichol and dolichyl phosphate (Dol-P) content of various tissues and liver subcellular fractions obtained from rats have been measured directly using high pressure liquid chromatographic methods developed in this laboratory. Spleen contained the highest concentration of dolichol, while other tissues including serum had smaller amounts. Although considerable differences in homologue distribution patterns were observed among the tissues examined, a number of purified subcellular fractions obtained from liver (nuclei, mitochondria, cytosol, and microsomes) exhibited a single common pattern. Only some 5% of liver dolichol appeared in the microsomal compartment of the cell where glycoprotein formation occurs, while 50% of the dolichol in this tissue was found in a lysosome-enriched fraction. The concentrations of dolichol present in liver nuclei, mitochondria, whole microsomes (also rough and smooth, endoplasmic recticulum (RER and SER, respectively), and cytosol were considerably lower (on a protein basis) than those present in whole liver. Besides the lysosome-enriched fraction, only plasma membranes and Golgi contained dolichol at concentrations equal to or greater than those present in liver homogenates. The low concentrations of dolichol found in microsomes suggest that the amounts of dolichol available for Dol-P formation via the CTP-dependent kinase reaction may be rate limiting. Most of the Dol-P in liver could be recovered in the microsomal fraction. Dol-P accounted for 4 and 40% of the sum of alcohol + dolichyl fatty acyl ester + Dol-P forms present in whole liver and in microsomes, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Distribution and metabolism of dolichol and dolichyl phosphate in rat liver. 631 69

The effects of estramustine phosphate (EMP) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) on natural killer (NK) cell activity, tumor growth, and artificial metastases were investigated in male C57BL/6 mice. Kinetic analysis and studies at the single-cell level indicated that EMP did not influence the number of NK cells but interfered with their lytic activity thereby reducing the actual killer capacity. NK cells from EMP-exposed animals responded normally to the interferon inducer Poly I:C which restored NK activity to control levels. Spleen cells from DES-treated animals had lytic activity comparable to that of control animals. However, more detailed analysis showed that DES reduced the number of lymphocytes able to recognize target cells, while the individual NK cell had an increased lytic activity and recycling capacity. Moreover, NK cells from DES-treated animals were refractory to poly-I:C stimulation, suggesting that they were prestimulated in vivo. The pertubations of the NK cell system induced by both EMP and DES were reversible and normalization of NK activity was reached within a week. The incidence of tumor takes after subcutaneous inoculation of the syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma was increased in EMP as well as DES-treated animals. Artificial lung metastasis produced by intravenous injection of the same tumor was increased in EMP but not in DES-exposed animals.
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PMID:Effects of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate (estracyt) on natural killer cell activity and tumor susceptibility in male mice. 649 60

Spleen cells from mice immunized with human cells were transfected with DNA from the human leukemia cell line, Reh. A calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitate was introduced into the stimulated spleen cells by treatment with a polyethylene glycol-DMSO mixture. The cells which grew out from the transfected population could be passaged continuously in culture and cloned in semisolid agarose. The cell lines contain 40 acrocentric chromosomes, and Southern blot analysis with the cloned human Alu sequence indicates that human DNA is present. The transfected cell lines exhibit markers expressed on plasmacytoma cells and produce immunoglobulin in amounts equivalent to those produced by plasmacytoma cell lines. Five of nine cell lines tested produce antibodies that react with the human cells used to immunize the mice. These cell lines have been in culture for more than a year, and one of the lines has maintained a diploid karyotype and production of the specific antibody even after being passaged through a BALB/c mouse. Preliminary experiments indicate that these cells may be a useful model system for analysis of the early proliferative phase of leukocyte transformation.
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PMID:Production of continuous mouse plasma cell lines by transfection with human leukemia DNA. 659 40

Monoclonal antibodies exhibiting various specificities for B6 vitamer forms have been prepared. The antigen preparation employed was a partially purified mixture of human placental proteins that had been derivatized by reaction with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and sodium borohydride. Spleen cells obtained from mice immunized with the phosphopyridoxyl protein preparation were fused with the mouse myeloma cell line designated X63-Ag8.653. The resulting hybridomas were screened for production of antibodies to the haptenic phosphopyridoxyl group using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clones producing such antibodies were isolated by limiting dilution methods. The monoclonal antibodies obtained in this fashion have been characterized with respect to their ability to interact with various forms of vitamin B6. In addition, these antibodies have been shown to be useful in the detection of cellular pyridoxal phosphate binding components using immunoblot techniques. Monoclonal antibodies to vitamin B6 derivatives are potentially powerful tools in the assessment of vitamin B6 nutritional status and in the study of the roles of pyridoxal phosphate binding components in relation to growth, differentiation, carcinogenesis, and steroid hormone action.
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PMID:Preparation, characterization, and use of monoclonal antibodies to vitamin B6. 682 78

Concentrations of diethylstilbestrol phosphate (DES-P) and estramustine phosphate (EMP) above 10(-5) M in cultures of spleen lymphocytes from adult male mice resulted in a dose related inhibition of both Con A and LPS induced lymphocyte proliferation. Male mice injected with 5.6 mg./kg. DES daily for 7 days had a significantly reduced responsiveness to both Con A and LPS compared to mice injected with olive oil only. Spleen lymphocytes from male mice treated with 100 mg./kg. EMP showed a reduction of Con A induced mitogenesis whereas they exhibited a significantly enhanced response to LPS. The effects of DES and EMP on Con A and LPS induced blastogenesis were abolished within 2 weeks after cessation of treatment. DES treatment resulted in preferential depletion of splenic and lymph node T lymphocytes and a disproportionate T lymphocyte subpopulation with respect to Ly subclasses. Exposure to 30 or 100 mg./kg. EMP resulted in a dose related loss of mononuclear cells both in spleen and lymph nodes. T lymphocytes predominantly of the Ly 1 phenotype were most sensitive to EMP. Co-cultures of spleen lymphocytes from normal mice and Mitomycin C blocked spleen cells from either normal of treated mice (DES or EMP) gave no convincing evidence of suppressor cell activity in the population of spleen mononuclear cells.
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PMID:Effects of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) on lymphoid cell populations and mitogen responsiveness in male mice. 698 78


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