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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The localization of a major determinant on an isologous myeloma protein (M315) which stimulates BALB/c helper T cells was investigated. Augmentation of the adoptive secondary antibody response to NIP-M315 and the idiotype of M315 (Id315) was used as an indicator of helper effects. Spleen cells primed with the light chain of M315 (L315) and its V-domain (VL315) were highly efficient helpers; priming with the fragment containing the two V-domains of M315 (FV315) induced a somewhat weaker helper effect than L315 or VL315. The helper effect was abolished or markedly reduced by treating the primed cells with rabbit anti-brain theta + C. Cells primed with the heavy chain of M315 (H315) effected weak but significant help. The V-domain of H315 (VH315) was incapable of eliciting cells with detectable helper effect. The data indicate that the VL315 embodies a major determinant for T helper lymphocytes. This determinant is expressed on the free VL315 as well as on the complete M315. In contrast, previous studies have shown that BALB/c antibodies produced against Id315 recognize antigenic sites that are only displayed on associated (VL315 + VH315) domains.
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PMID:T helper lymphocytes recognize the VL domain of the isologous mouse myeloma protein 315. 9 75

While the virgin AFC-progenitors for an adoptive immune response in neonatal germ-free CBA mouse spleen are small, dense cells, the equivalent cells in the adult are a larger, lighter density population. The effects of injections of unrelated antigens on the physical properties of the AFC-progenitors in neonatal spleen were investigated to test the postulate that the physically distinct "virgin" AFC-progenitors in the adult arose by a process of non-specific activation. Spleen cells from 7-day-old germ-free CBA mice were separated by sedimentation at unit gravity or by density on continuous albumin gradients, and the fractions were tested for NIP-specific AFC-progenitor activity using an adoptive immune assay which gave a direct linear measure of B cell activity. If the donor neonatal animals were injected one day previously with POL or PPD, the NIP-specific AFC-progenitor activity shifted from the typical small, dense lymphocytes to larger, lighter cells. The physical properties of these stimulated AFC-progenitors resembled those of IgM AFC-progenitors in normal adult mice. These results experimentally confirm the theory that environmental stimuli induce a non-specific "activation" of a particular subset of "virgin" B cells.
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PMID:Antigen-initiated B lymphocyte differentiation: non-specific stimulation changes the physical properties of virgin AFC-progenitors in neonatal mouse spleen. 30 16

Wehn normal mouse spleen or lymph node cells are cultured for 7 days in agar-medium containing 2-mercaptoethanol and sheep red blood cells (SRBC), approximately one B lymphocyte colony (BLC) develops per 50-100 cells seeded. Incubation of cultures for 3 h with guinea-pig complement at day 7, demonstrated that 0.05-0.25% of all BLC form specific antibody against SRBC (SRBC-AF-BLC). The SRBC specific colonies appear centrally in lytic plaques of 2-5 mm in diameter and cells recovered from individual SRBC-AF-BLC were shown to produce antibodies of the IgM class against SRBC. Cells forming SRBC-AF-BLC are absent in the new-born and infantile spleen but appear in adult mice with a frequency of 5, 10-25 and 25-70 per 10(6) bone marrow, spleen and lymph node cells respectively. specific immunization in vivo or in vitro does not greatly affect the number of SRBC-AF-BLC-forming cells. Cytolysis of spleen cells with anti-Ig serum plus complement prior to culture reduced the number of total BLC and that of specific SRBC-AF-BLC by 93% and 94% respectively. The peak sedimentation velocity of both SRBC-AF-BLC-forming cells and total BLC-forming cells was 3.5 mm/h. Spleen cells enriched 200-300 times for cells that bind specifically to the hapten NIP were not enriched for cells forming colonies with specific antibody production against NIP. The data indicate that the cells that give rise to specific antibody-forming colonies belong to a mature virgin B cell group of small Ig-positive B lymphocytes.
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PMID:Specific antibody-forming B-lymphocyte colonies. I. Distribution and nature of SRBC antibody-forming B-lymphocyte colonies in mouse lyphomyeloid organs. 37 47

The capacity of mouse spleen fragments to mount an anti-NIP (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenylacetyl) response in vitro was studied. The fragments came from unprimed, NIP-Ficoll (polymer of sucrose and epichlorhydrin) or NIP-CG (chicken globulin) primed mice. Unprimed spleen fragments from C57BL/6 mice gave a good anti-NIP response to NIP-Ficoll, whereas CBA fragments did not. Priming with NIP-Ficoll made CBA fragments responsive and enhanced slightly the response of C57BL/6 fragments when stimulated with the same antigen. This memory effect could be seen only after a small priming dose. Priming the mice with NIP-Ficoll made their spleen fragments responsive to a protein conjugate of NIP (NIP-CG), but this effect was seen only after priming with a high dose. The antibody class distribution and the kinetics of the appearance of different immunoglobulin classes were similar in the primary and secondary responses in vitro. The peak responses of IgM, IgA and IgG were reached on day eight and the relative amount of IgG was the same in the primary and in the secondary responses. Spleen fragments derived from NIP-CG primed mice produced more IgG anti-NIP antibodies than fragments derived from untreated mice when immunized in vitro with NIP-Ficoll. The amount of IgG was, however, much higher when these fragments were challenged with the homologous antigen, NIP-CG.
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PMID:Immunological memory after priming with a thymus independent antigen, NIP-ficoll. 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenylacetyl coupled to polymer of sucrose and epichlorhydrin. 99 66

Spleen cells from adult unprimed outbred (Swiss) and inbred (BALB/c) mice, either normal (no) or athymic-nude (nu) as well as spleen cells from Swiss nude mice bearing two different human tumors (BUR and PINQ), were fused with the mouse non-secreting myeloma cell line P3X63 Ag8-653. The supernatants of immunoglobulin secreting hybrids, all containing IgM, were screened for antibody activity against macromolecular antigens (autologous: actin, tubulin, myosin, dsDNA) and haptens (TNP, NP, NIP and NBrP). Furthermore, their idiotypic determinants were analyzed using a rabbit anti-idiotype which recognizes a major cross-reactive idiotype (IdD23) of BALB/c natural polyreactive autoantibodies. In all the mice studied, we identified: (1) hybrids reacting strongly with one or more haptens (10.7 to 37.8%) and (2) hybrids secreting natural monoclonal autoantibodies (NMoAb) with broad reactivities (polyreactive and/or oligoreactive) against autoantigens and/or haptens (11.4 to 26.8%). The results indicate that: (1) cells secreting natural autoantibodies with broad reactivities exist in both normal and nude mice, independently of the genetic background (inbred/outbred) of the mouse. However, in nude mice, the natural autoantibodies exhibit a more restricted pattern of reactivity (oligoreactive) compared to those of normal mice, and do not express the common idiotype IdD23 of natural polyreactive autoantibodies. (2) Tumors grafted into nude mice seem to induce the expression of polyreactive autoantibodies bearing the IdD23.
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PMID:Natural autoantibodies in nude and normal outbred (Swiss) and inbred (BALB/c) mice. 276 99

Spleen cells derived from BN rats receiving HgCl2 were fused with the nonsecreting rat myeloma cell line IR983F. We screened 59 supernatants from immunoglobulin-secreting hybrids for antibody activity against actin, tubulin, autologous and heterologous myosin, myoglobin, dsDNA, peroxidase, and the haptens TNP, NIP, NNP, and NBrP. Six monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were found to react with antigen(s) of the panel. At least three groups of antibody specificities were identified: clones reacting with TNP (1 IgM, 1 IgE); clones reacting with horseradish peroxidase (1 IgM); and clones possessing widespread reactivity for several antigens as found for mouse natural autoantibodies (2 IgM, 1 IgE). We also analyzed the idiotypic (Id) determinants of the 59 mAb by using anti-Id antibodies described elsewhere prepared in rabbits against the BALB/c D23 natural monoclonal autoantibody and recognizing a BALB/c recurrent Id (Id D23) of natural polyspecific autoantibodies. We found that all rat mAb that possessed widespread reactivities bore this Id. We performed similar studies in sera from normal and mercury-stimulated rats. The results indicate a role for HgCl2 in the stimulation of natural antibodies producing cells and the existence of interspecies cross-reactive Id among mouse and rat natural antibodies.
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PMID:Autoimmunity induced by HgCl2 in Brown-Norway rats. II. Monoclonal antibodies sharing specificities and idiotypes with mouse natural monoclonal antibodies. 351 56

Experiments were designed to test the possibility that thymus-derived (T) cells cooperate with nonthymus derived (B) cells in antibody responses by acting as passive carriers of antigen. Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from fowl gammaG-tolerant mice were incubated in vitro with fowl anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin (FALG), which was shown not to be immunosuppressive in mice. On transfer into adult thymectomized, irradiated, and marrow protected (TxBM) hosts together with a control antigen, horse RBC, a response to horse RBC but not to fowl gammaG was obtained. By contrast, TxBM recipients of nontolerant, FALG-coated TDL responded to both antigens and the antibody-forming cells were shown to be derived from the host, not from the injected TDL. These findings suggested that, under the conditions of the experiment, triggering of unprimed B cells in the spleens of TxBM hosts was not achieved with antigen-coated tolerant lymphocytes. Another model utilized the ability of B cells to bind antibody-antigen complexes. Spleen cells from TxBM mice, incubated in vitro with anti-fowl gammaG-fowl gammaG.NIP, were injected with or without normal TDL (a source of T cells) into irradiated hosts. Only mice given both cell types could produce an anti-NIP antibody response. In a further experiment, spleen cells from HGG.NIP-primed mice were injected together with NIP-coated B cells (prepared as above) into irradiated hosts. A substantial anti-NIP antibody response occurred. If, however, the T cells in the spleens of HGG.NIP-primed mice were eliminated by treatment with anti-theta serum and complement, the NIP response was abolished. It was concluded that antigen-coated B cells could not substitute for T cells either in the primary or secondary response. Treatment of T cells from unprimed or primed mice with mitomycin C impaired their capacity to collaborate with B cells on transfer into irradiated hosts. Taken together these findings suggest that before collaboration can take place T cells must be activated by antigen to differentiate and in so doing may produce some factor essential for triggering of B cells.
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PMID:Cell-to-cell interaction in the immune response. VII. Requirement for differentiation of thymus-derived cells. 516 3

A microculture system based on limiting dilution and a hemolytic spot assay was adapted for study of the carrier-specific anti-hapten response in vitro. Spleen or lymph node cells from normal mice or mice immunized with NIP-ovalbumin (NIP-OVA) or NIP-human thyroglobulin (NIP-Tg) were cultured for 5 days by the microculture technique. The anti-hapten (anti-NIP) response was measured by assaying the supernatants of the microcultures in a hemolytic spot test with NIP coupled to sheep red blood cells. A micro-ELISA reader was adapted to read the degree of lysis in the spot assay which gives an objective quantitation of the degree of lysis and thus reduces the number of culture replicates. In vivo induced specific helper cells in mice immunized with the carrier protein, human thyroglobulin, as well as carrier-specific T cell factors, gave rise to carrier-specific anti-NIP responses. The microculture system may enhance the expression of T-cell helper function when suppressor cells or their precursors are present in the initial cell preparation.
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PMID:An improved microculture-hemolytic spot assay for the study of carrier-specific antibody responses. 638 5