Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cell surface antigen associated with the transformed state of cells that could grow in an anchorage-independent manner was analyzed by use of techniques of DNA transfection and hybridomas secreting the monoclonal antibody (MoAb). Spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice immunized with a highly tumorigenic, chemically induced murine cultured colon 36 tumor (C-C36) of BALB/c origin were hybridized with NS-1, a hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient myeloma line of BALB/c mice. Screening of hybridomas revealed an antibody that reacted with C-C36 and transformed Swiss 3T3 cells growing in soft agar after transfection of 3T3 cells with C-C36 DNA. The hybridomas that did not react with nontransformed 3T3 and the less tumorigenic BALB/c hemangioendothelioma line D10 were then selected. An MoAb was designated "#71295." This MoAb immunoprecipitated the antigen that consisted of 65,000- and 14,000-molecular-weight components with soluble C-C36 membrane antigens. It also reacted with 2 other chemically induced syngeneic colon tumor lines, cultured colon 26 tumor line and cultured colon 51 tumor line, and with fibrosarcoma Meth A. However, #71295 was not found in NS-1, D14, and BALB/c normal thymus, liver, colon, and kidney tissues. In addition, this MoAb could not inhibit the anchorage-independent growth of C-C36 and transformed 3T3 cells. These results suggest that although the molecule defined by #71295 might not be associated with the anchorage independence of cell growth, it could be a newly expressed determinant on the cell surface that is related to the events of cell transformation.
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PMID:Identification of transformation-related antigen by monoclonal antibody on Swiss 3T3 cells induced by transfection with murine cultured colon 36 tumor DNA. 346 94

Monoclonal antibodies against the cell surface were produced by immunizing mice with endometrial scrapings prepared from 6-day pregnant rabbits. Spleen cells from an immune mouse were fused with myeloma cells and cultured by standard hybridoma technology methods. Hybridoma supernatants were screened for reaction with the apical epithelial surface by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of uterus from 6-day pregnant rabbits, and positive colonies were cloned by limiting dilution. Ascites fluid was produced in mice from hybridoma clones that gave a consistent pattern of apical epithelial surface staining through 6 sub-clonings. Antibodies in the ascites fluid were tested by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of uterus, oviduct, lung, liver and kidney from nonpregnant or 6-day pregnant rabbits. At a dilution of 1:5000, the antibodies recognized an antigen that was specific to the apical surface of luminal but not glandular epithelium of the 6-day pregnant uterus and could not be detected in the nonpregnant uterine epithelium. At higher concentrations of antibody (1:100 to 1:1000), crossreaction was seen with antigens in stromal and myometrial cells of pregnant and nonpregnant uterus. At a dilution of 1:5000, the antibody also crossreacted with some components of lung, liver and kidney but without discriminating between the two reproductive states. In the oviduct, staining of the surface epithelium was specific to the pregnant state. We conclude that this monoclonal antibody has a high affinity for a luminal epithelial cell surface antigen in the reproductive tract of the pregnant rabbit and shows multiple organ reactivity with other tissues that is not affected by pregnancy. This antigen will provide a useful cell surface marker of epithelial differentiation in the progestational reproductive tract.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies recognize a cell surface marker of epithelial differentiation in the rabbit reproductive tract. 354 36

The induction of antibody response in syngeneic rats by the Gross virus cell surface antigen (GCSAa) was dependent on the presentation of GCSAa into liposomes made from distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC). GCSAa liposomes made from dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) were nonimmunogenic, even when used as anamnestic immunogens. Spleen cells, from rats twice immunized with GCSAa-DSPC-liposomes and used to transfer the anti-GCSAa immune response into naive recipients after a tertiary immunostimulation in vitro in the presence of naive peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), responded to soluble GCSAa only after irradiation at 500 rds and to GCSAa-DMPE-liposomes only when indomethacin was added during the in vitro stimulation. The preincubation of these cells with empty DMPE liposomes or the addition of supernatant from PEC fed with DMPE liposomes abrogated the response to GCSAa-DSPC liposomes. Using a specific radioimmunoassay, prostaglandin E2 was demonstrated to be produced by PEC when fed with DMPE liposomes, and not when fed with DSPC liposomes. This prostaglandin E2 secretion by PEC induced by DMPE liposomes was inhibited by indomethacin.
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PMID:Impairment of immunogenicity by antigen presentation in liposomes made from dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine linked to the secretion of prostaglandins by macrophages. 369 27

Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against an apparent strain-specific cell surface antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were produced. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with whole gonococci were fused with mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0, and hybrid cells were selected in culture. One hybridoma that secreted antibodies reactive with the immunizing strain was cloned by limiting dilution to obtain cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies reacted with purified outer membranes from the immunizing strain as well as with whole gonococci. Binding of antibodies to whole gonococci was highly strain specific, with most gonococcal strains showing less than 1% of the binding with the immunizing strain. Antibodies did not bind to the other Neisseria species tested. Binding of monoclonal antibodies to whole gonococci of the immunizing strain was not dependent on state of piliation. The extent of antibody binding did vary in different colonial variants of the immunizing strain. Antibody bound to cells from colonies that were transparent or of intermediate opacity, but did not bind to cells from deeply opaque colony variants.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against Neisseria gonorrhoeae: production of antibodies directed against a strain-specific cell surface antigen. 616 60

Spleen cells from mice immunized with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells (EB-LCL) were used to generate monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens associated with the EB virus-transformed state. Radioimmune and immunofluorescence binding assays identified two antibodies, MHM6 and AC2, which reacted consistently with all EB-LCL tested, with a subpopulation of cells in some but not all EB virus genome-positive Burkitt lymphoma lines, but with none of a range of EB virus genome-negative cell lines of lymphoma or leukaemia origin. While MHM6 appeared to bind an EB virus-related antigen, AC2 bound some other cell surface antigen which was also found on a small subpopulation of cells in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin or with pokeweed mitogen. MHM6 and AC2 recognized single polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 45 kd and 80 kd respectively as shown by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of 125I-labeled cell surface polypeptides immunoprecipitated with these antibodies. These polypeptides were induced on experimentally-infected B cells within 24 h of the expression of the EB virus nuclear antigen, EBNA, at a time known to coincide with the appearance of the lymphocyte-detected membrane antigen, LYDMA. However, saturating concentration of MHM6 and AC2 were unable to protect EB-LCL target cells from lysis by LYDMA-specific cytotoxic T cells in a chromium-release assay.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus-induced, transformation-associated cell surface antigens: binding patterns and effect upon virus-specific T-cell cytotoxicity. 628 62

Spleen cells from 30 individual murine irradiation chimeras of the type (P1 X P2)F1----P1 were compared in a rosetting assay for H-2K and H-2D cell surface antigen expression with normal (P1 X P2)F1 hybrid controls. Eleven out of the 30 chimeras were in the normal range, but the other 19 differed from F1 controls by 4- to 100-fold in endpoint titre for at least one H-2K or H-2D antigen. Every possible class of variation was found, i.e. up or down variation of H-2K or H-2D antigens of P1 or P2 type. This evidence, together with data from T6 chromosome marker experiments which also showed full reconstitution of lethally irradiated P1 recipients by (P1 X P2)F1 donor lymphomyeloid stem cells, suggested that incomplete reconstitution was not the cause of H-2 antigenic variation. Low expression of P2 H-2 antigens on spleen cells derived from (P1 X P2)F1----P1 chimeras was investigated further. Fifteen lethally irradiated (P1 X P2)F1 recipients of bone marrow cells from two such chimeras were all of normal F1 H-2 phenotype when tested 10-12 weeks after reconstitution, thus excluding stable, low P2 H-2-expressing variant F1 stem cells as a cause of the phenomenon. If P1 recipients were hyperimmunized against P2 cells before lethal irradiation and reconstitution with (P1 X P2)F1 stem cells, there were significantly fewer Till- McCulloch colonies in their spleens 10 days after reconstitution than in spleens of unimmunized controls. Also greater than 90% of immunized recipients died by 6 weeks after stem cell injection but two survivors both showed very low levels of P2 H-2K and H-2D antigens. These results together with previously published evidence of anti-P2 Tc cell activity and P2 skin graft rejection in (P1 X P2)F1----P1 chimeras suggested that residual anti-P2 immunological capability in lethally irradiated P1 recipients may be associated with low P2 H-2 expression on their F1-derived spleen cells, although the mechanism does not involve selection of stable, variant F1 stem cells. The mechanism(s) of other classes of variation in H-2 expression in (P1 X P2)F1----P1 chimeras were not investigated.
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PMID:Variation in H-2 antigen expression on lymphomyeloid cells in semi-allogeneic irradiation chimeras. 637 43

A procedure was developed to generate recombinant single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments reacting with the extracellular domain of human cell surface antigen CD13 (hCD13; aminopeptidase N) on intact cells. Membrane fractions prepared from a stably transfected hCD13-positive murine NIH/3T3 cell line were used to immunize BALB/c mice, with the intention that hCD13 would be the major immunogenic molecule recognized by the immune system. Spleen RNA from the immunized mice served to generate a combinatorial scFv phage display library. The library was adsorbed against non-transfected NIH/3T3 or Sf21 insect cells to eliminate nonrelevant binders. The supernatant was then used for panning with either hCD13-transfected Sf21 insect cells or a hCD13-expressing human leukemia-derived cell line. Therefore, the key concepts of the procedure were the presentation of hCD13 as the sole human antigen on murine NIH/3T3 cells and a screening strategy where hCD13 was the major common antigen of the material used for immunization and panning. Two different hCD13-reactive phages were isolated and the soluble scFvs were expressed in E. coli and purified. The two scFvs, anti-hCD13-1 and anti-hCD13-3, differed at four amino acid positions in their V(H) regions and both had high affinities for hCD13 as determined by surface plasmon resonance (K(D)=7 and 33x10(-10) M, respectively). Both efficiently recognized hCD13 on intact cells. Therefore, the procedure allowed the production of high affinity scFvs reacting with a desired antigen in its native conformation without requiring extensive purification of the antigen and should be useful for the preparation of scFvs against other conformation-sensitive cell-surface antigens.
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PMID:An improved procedure for the generation of recombinant single-chain Fv antibody fragments reacting with human CD13 on intact cells. 1129 91

Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells expand rapidly during endometrial decidualization and account for 70% of leukocytes in early gestational uteri of humans and rodents. These cells make unique contributions to pregnancy, contributing to the success of embryo implantation and maintenance of decidual tissue that supports placental and fetal development. We postulated that uNK cells express molecules that are not shared by circulating NK (cNK) cells or other leukocytes and, therefore, would be immunogenic for male mice. We isolated viable uNK cells from gestation day 9 pregnant mice and inoculated them into syngeneic males. This induced antibodies reactive with mouse uNK cells but not with cNK cells or other lymphocytes. The antibodies reacted identically with uNK cells in tissue sections from five different mice strains from gestational day 7-12 and in pregnant rat uterus, suggesting that the recognized antigen should be a specific marker of uNK cell. Spleen cells from inoculated males were used subsequently to produce a monoclonal antibody reactive to a uNK cell surface antigen. These experiments confirm that uNK cells are a pregnancy-specific subset of NK cells expressing distinct surface antigen from those found in other tissues.
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PMID:Uterine natural killer cells are immunogenic in syngeneic male mice. 1877 4