Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro induction of anti-DNP IgE as well as IgG1, IgG2a antibody responses was shown in murine spleen cell culture. Spleen cells primed three times with 1 mug of DNP-OA or DNP-Asc produced significant amounts of anti-DNP IgE as well as IgG antibodies by the in vitro stimulation with DNP-OA or DNP-Asc, respectively. Collaboration between DNP-primed B cells and carrier-primed T cells was required for the induction of both IgE and IgG antibodies with DNP-coupled T-dependent antigen. Carrier-specific T cells induced with a low dose of Asc (0.01 mug) showed helper function only on IgE antibody response, whereas T cells primed with a higher dose of Asc (10 mug) cooperated only with IgG-B cells. T cells primed with Asc in CFA showed helper function mainly on IgG antibody response but not on IgE antibody response. The result indicated the presence of a distinct population of T helper cells for IgE and IgG antibody responses. T-independent antigen (DNP-Ficoll) induced both anti-DNP IgE and IgG antibody responses in DNP-primed spleen cell population without the requirement of the collaboration of helper T cells.
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PMID:Regulation of antibody response in different immunoglobulin classes. II. Induction of in vitro IgE antibody response in murine spleen cells and demonstration of a possible involvement of distinct T-helper cells in IgE and IgG antibody responses. 30 Mar 89

Chronic-relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE) in the Lewis rat, induced by the injection of spinal cord tissue in complete Freund's adjuvant (SC/CFA), was studied in vivo by treatment with liposomes containing central nervous tissue antigens, and in vitro by lymphocyte proliferation assays. Intracardiac administration of myelin basic protein (MBP) liposomes, galactocerebroside (GC) liposomes, or MBP + GC liposomes substantially reduced the clinical severity and/or delayed the onset of the initial phase of disease. Liposomes prepared from whole myelin provided even greater protection, and were effective at suppressing both the first disease episode and the relapses. These results indicate that while GC and MBP may play significant roles in the development of CR-EAE in the Lewis rat, immune responses to other antigens are probably also involved. Splenic and lymph node lymphocytes from MBP-GC liposome-treated rats, and splenic lymphocytes from cytochrome-GC (CYT-GC) liposome-treated rats, showed drastically reduced abilities to proliferate in response to MBP in culture. Spleen cells from both the MBP-GC- and CYT-GC-liposome-treated donors were able to actively suppress antigen-induced proliferation of MBP-primed lymphocytes. These findings suggest participation of both clonal anergy, and active suppressor cells in the liposome-mediated suppression of CR-EAE in the Lewis rat.
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PMID:Treatment of spinal cord-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat with liposomes presenting central nervous system antigens. 169 33

We have used adoptive transfer of myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive lymphocytes in the Lewis rat model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to identify stages of effector cell development and to investigate the nature of the subsequent recipient response to the transferred cells. Depending on the timing of cell collection, lymph node cells (LNC) obtained from MBP-CFA (MBP emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant)-immunized donors may directly transfer clinical disease; however, independent of disease development, recipients of LNC develop early onset of clinical disease following immunization of the recipients with MBP-CFA, consistent with the presence of MBP-memory cells in the LNC transfer inoculum. Similarly obtained spleen cells do not directly transfer disease and do not contain MBP-memory cells (as defined by the early onset of clinical disease following MBP-CFA challenge). Spleen cells adoptively transfer clinical disease only following in vitro culture stimulation with antigen or selected mitogens. Recipients of the primary culture-derived encephalitogenic spleen cells also develop an accelerated onset of clinical disease following MBP-CFA challenge, indicative of the presence of MBP-memory cells, and are not vaccinated. Encephalitogenic T cell lines adoptively transfer clinical disease, and in most cases recipients are vaccinated to MBP-CFA-induced active disease, but remain susceptible to adoptively transferred disease. Co-transfer of encephalitogenic T cell line cells with MBP-reactive lymph node or encephalitogenic spleen cells does not alter the vaccination response. We have found that during the process of T cell line development, the vaccinating phenotype is acquired following the second antigen stimulation cycle. These studies also demonstrate that regulation induced by T cell vaccination blocks the development of effector cells from precursor cells and that such regulation is also equally effective in blocking disease development in recipients which have increased numbers of memory cells. Thus, the response to T cell vaccination, once established, is fully capable of inhibiting the development of effector cells from increased numbers of precursor/memory cells, a response that would be needed in the clinical application of vaccination-induced resistance.
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PMID:Adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: recipient response to myelin basic protein-reactive lymphocytes. 752 47

The influence of different antigen delivery systems on antibody isotype and lymphokine profile has been investigated using influenza nucleoprotein as a model antigen system. Mice exposed to live or inactivated influenza virus produced antibody against whole virus or recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP), which was predominantly of the IgG2a isotype. Spleen or lymph node cells from these mice rapidly produced large amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but no detectable interleukin-5 (IL-5) when stimulated in vitro with specific antigen. In contrast, after primary immunization with rNP or p206-229 in different adjuvants (CFA, quil A or alhydrogel), specific antibody was predominantly of the IgG1 isotype and relatively lower amounts of IFN-gamma but no IL-5 were detected following in vitro antigenic stimulation. Secondary immunization, however, resulted in detection of IgG2a antibodies and increased levels of IFN-gamma. IL-5 was only detected after secondary immunization with peptide in adjuvant. Mice infected with aro A- Salmonella typhimurium expressing NP produced antibody of both IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes and large amounts of IFN-gamma and no IL-5, following in vitro antigenic stimulation, and therefore parallelled the pattern seen with whole virus more closely than that seen following primary immunization with protein or peptide in conventional adjuvants. The results suggest that the antigen delivery vehicle influences both quantitative and qualitative differences in the type of immune response elicited, which may be important in determining the potency of protective immunity induced.
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PMID:Influence of the antigen delivery system on immunoglobulin isotype selection and cytokine production in response to influenza A nucleoprotein. 826 59

HCV is a worldwide health problem and with the lack of effective treatment, vaccination becomes an urgent task, especially in developing countries. The effective vaccine should elicit long-lasting antibodies but most importantly induce a vigorous, multi-specific cellular immune response that includes both helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Advances in liposome technology account for much of the progress in vaccine delivery systems. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the potential immunogenicity of HCV core antigen, and assessing the influence of the novel antigen carried on liposomes on T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production as potent markers of cellular immune response. Several formulations for immunization were prepared, including liposomal encapsulation of the Ag. The study was conducted on a total of 95 female inbred (C57B1/6J) mice divided into five groups including a control group. Spleen lymphocytes were evaluated for cellular proliferation using 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-YI)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay and for secretion of IFN-gamma by ELISA. Mice injected with liposomes carrying HCV core Ag (group 1) showed a highly significant increase in splenocytes proliferation (spontaneously and after stimulation with the Ag) compared to all other groups, with a stimulation index (S.I) of 1.47 (P < 0.001). The second highest cellular proliferation was noticed in mice injected with core Ag and CFA (group 2) (S.I = 1.29) with a significant difference from group I (P = 0.001). Mice injected with core Ag alone showed a non-significant difference from the control group (P = 0.126). IFN-gamma level was the highest in liposomal Ag group with a highly significant difference; both spontaneously (56.3 pg/L) and with stimulation (68.32) (P < 0.001) followed by mice injected with core Ag with CFA. In conclusion, Liposomal formulation of HCV peptide vaccine is effective as direct in vivo antigen loading and activation of T cells leading to protective HCV antiviral responses.
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PMID:Liposome-based HCV vaccine enhances protective cellular immunity and IFN-gamma secretion in mice. 2461 48