Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153470 (Spleen)
 4,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adoptive transfer of ectromelia virus meningitis was most efficient when donor-immune spleen cells and recipients were compatible in the K region of the H-2 gene complex. Weak responses could be obtained with H-2D region compatibility, but none occurred with H-2I region compatibility. Spleen cells used in adoptive transfers and cells found in cerebrospinal fluid from infected mice were found to have identical H-2-imposed restriction in their in vitro cytotoxic activity. This suggests a significant role for the major histocompatibility complex in the generation of virus-specific T lymphocytes and the recognition of virus-infected tissue in the central nervous system by these cells.
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PMID:The role of the major histocompatibility complex in the adoptive transfer of ectromelia virus meningitis. 627 37

Adult Microtus montanus were inoculated with a recently isolated strain of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense of human origin. The animals developed subacute to chronic infection and low-grade parasitemia. Histopathological examination of the heart revealed a severe pancarditis resulting in pronounced weight loss, and survival times of 5-8 weeks, preventing development of meningoencephalitis. In the brain a moderate meningitis was found, usually associated with moderate numbers of parasites in the choroid plexus and leptomeninges; however, trypanosomes were also found without tissue inflammation. Meningoencephalitis was found after 7 weeks, with parasites in the cerebral parenchyma. Chronic inflammation was present in lungs and kidney, often associated with trypanosomes; in one animal glomerulonephritis was found. Spleen and lymph glands showed a variable degree of lymphoid hyperplasia but no extravascular parasites. In the liver of all animals plasmolymphoid infiltrates were observed in the periportal connective tissue; no extravascular parasites were observed. A variable degree of lymphoplasmohistiocytic infiltrate in the connective tissue and occasional rare trypanosomes were seen in mesenterium, pancreas, epididymis, striated muscle, and skin. Experimental infection in M. montanus appears to be a suitable model for study of the acute trypanosomiasis of T. b. rhodesiense, but not for chronic African sleeping sickness with cerebral involvement.
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PMID:Experimental chronic Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in Microtus montanus. 635 61

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) belongs to the family Picornaviridae and causes demyelinating disease in the spinal cords of infected mice. Although immune responses have been shown to play an important role in demyelination, the precise effector mechanism(s) is unknown. Potentially autoreactive cytotoxic cells could contribute to the destruction. We tested whether an autoreactive cell induced by TMEV infection mediated cytotoxicity by using a 5-h (51)Cr release assay in SJL/J mice. Spleen cells from TMEV-infected mice were stimulated with irradiated TMEV antigen-presenting cells and used as effector cells. The effector cells differed from conventional cytotoxic T cells since these cells could kill both TMEV-infected and uninfected syngeneic or semisyngenic cell lines (PSJLSV and BxSF11gSV) but could not kill an allogeneic cell line (C57SV). The TMEV-induced autoreactive cells were also different from conventional natural killer (NK) cells or lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, because they could kill neither NK cell-sensitive YAC-1 nor NK cell-resistant P815 and EL4 cells. Induction of autoreactive cells was not detected in vaccinia virus infection. The autoreactive killing required direct cell-to-cell contact and was mediated by a Fas-FasL pathway but not by a perforin pathway. The phenotype of the killer cells was CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(+). Intracerebral inoculation of the effector cells into naive mice caused meningitis and perivascular cuffing not only in the brain parenchyma but also in the spinal cord, with no evidence of viral antigen-positive cells. This is the first report demonstrating that TMEV can induce autoreactive cytotoxic cells that induce central nervous system pathology.
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PMID:Induction of autoreactive CD8+ cytotoxic T cells during Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection: implications for autoimmunity. 1243 8

Oropouche virus, of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, serogroup Simbu, is an important causative agent of arboviral febrile illness in Brazil. An estimated 500,000 cases of Oropouche fever have occurred in Brazil in the last 30 years, with recorded cases also in Panama, Peru, Suriname and Trinidad. We have developed an experimental model of Oropouche virus infection in neonatal BALB/c mouse by subcutaneous inoculation. The vast majority of infected animals developed disease on the 5th day post infection, characterized mainly by lethargy and paralysis, progressing to death within 10 days. Viral replication was documented in brain cells by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and virus titration. Multi-step immunohistochemistry indicated neurons as the main target cells of OROV infection. Histopathology revealed glial reaction and astrocyte activation in the brain and spinal cord, with neuronal apoptosis. Spleen hyperplasia and mild meningitis were also found, without viable virus detected in liver and spleen. This is the first report of an experimental mouse model of OROV infection, with severe involvement of the central nervous system, and should become useful in pathogenesis studies, as well as in preclinical testing of therapeutic interventions for this emerging pathogen.
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PMID:Experimental infection of suckling mice by subcutaneous inoculation with Oropouche virus. 2287 89