Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0153429 (Meckel's diverticulum)
 1,196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measurements of precaecal amino acid digestibility with digesta sampled from slaughtered animals may be affected by the chosen length of the sampled section. The length needs standardization, therefore, when digestibility is understood to be a measure of feedstuff potential. It was our objective to study the change in the net disappearance of amino acids from the lower small intestine of broiler chicken. The section between Meckel's diverticulum and 2 cm anterior of the ileo-caeco-colonic junction was cut into three subsections of equal length: proximal, medial, and terminal. The contents of each subsection were pooled within the birds of each pen (12 in Experiment 1 and 10 in Experiment 2). TiO2 was used as an indigestible marker. Prior to digesta sampling, broilers had been fed the experimental diets for seven days. In Experiment 1, two diets with either soybean meal or a mix of soybean meal and peas as the main protein sources were used. Each diet was allocated to eight pens and feeding commenced on day 14 of age. Net disappearance was significantly affected by diet only in regard to aspartic acid and methionine. No significant interaction between diet and subsection occurred. Net disappearance was significantly affected by subsection for all amino acids. It ranged from 74-92% for individual amino acids without significant differences in the medial and terminal subsections. Net disappearance was, however, between 3% and 9% lower in the proximal subsection. In Experiment 2, diets contained soybean meal as the main protein source and were given to 18 pens from day 22 of age. Again, the effect of subsection on net disappearance was significant for all amino acids. Net disappearance was significantly lower in the proximal than in the middle subsection, and differences ranged from 5-10%. Significant differences in the net disappearance were also found for most of the amino acids between the middle and the terminal subsection ranging from 2-4%. In conclusion, when precaecal amino acid digestibility should be used as a measure for a protein source's potential, digesta sampling should not consider the proximal third of the section between Meckel's diverticulum and the end of the ileum.
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PMID:Studies on the intestine section to be sampled in broiler studies on precaecal amino acid digestibility. 1632 Aug 15

1. This study investigated the net disappearance of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) from soybean meal and rapeseed meal in different sub-sections of the ileum of hens. A basal diet was used and in another 4 diets, maize starch contained in the basal diet was replaced with soybean meal or rapeseed meal at 140 and 280 g/kg so that changes in dietary AA concentrations resulted from the oilseed meals only. 2. A total of 250 Lohmann Brown pullets were used for this experiment at 20 weeks old and given one of the 5 diets for 7 d. The section between Meckel's diverticulum and 2 cm anterior to the ileo-caecal-colonic junction was taken after slaughtering the hens and cut into three sub-sections of equal length. Digesta were taken separately from each sub-section and then frozen. Net disappearance of AA and CP for the diets and the two protein sources was calculated based on standard equations and using a multiple linear regression approach. 3. Net disappearances of CP and all AA were significantly lower in the proximal sub-section than in the central and terminal sub-sections. Also, the net disappearance of CP and all AA from rapeseed meal was significantly lower in the proximal sub-section than in the central or terminal sub-sections. For soybean meal, only the net disappearances of arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and phenylalanine were significantly lower in the proximal than in the terminal sub-section. No significant differences in the net disappearance of CP and AA were detected between protein sources within the central and terminal sub-sections or between the central and terminal sub-section within each protein source. Soybean meal had a significantly higher net disappearance of CP and AA (with the exception of cystine and methionine) than rapeseed meal in the proximal sub-section but these differences were not statistically significant in the central and terminal sub-sections. 4. Amino acids disappeared from the proximal region of the ileum. This needs consideration in standard approaches that are used for measuring AA digestibility. There is a variation in AA digestibility between soybean meal and rapeseed meal. The ranking of individual AA regarding their digestibility is different between the two oilseed meals.
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PMID:Effect of ileum segment and protein sources on net disappearance of crude protein and amino acids in laying hens. 1821 Feb 87

The objective of this study was to determine the inevitable endogenous amino acid (AA) loss at the terminal ileum of broilers that were fed diets with 2 different fiber levels using a regression approach. The design of the study was a randomized complete block employing a factorial arrangement of treatments with 3 CP levels (50, 90, and 130 g/kg) and 2 fiber levels. The fiber level was adjusted by inclusion of cellulose at the expense of cornstarch. The AA pattern of the CP was the same in all diets. Titanium dioxide was used as indigestible marker. Six cages of 8 birds were allocated to each diet. The experimental diets were offered for ad libitum consumption for 3 d, starting on 21 d of age. Digesta were sampled on a cage basis from the distal two-thirds of the intestine section between Meckel's diverticulum and 2 cm anterior to the ileo-ceca-colonic junction. Inevitable endogenous CP and AA losses were determined by extrapolating the linear regressions between intake and prececal flow toward zero intake. The inevitable losses of CP and AA, expressed in relation to DM intake, were significantly increased by increased cellulose inclusion in the diet. Amino acids with the greatest loss were Glu, Asp, and Thr, whereas Met was the AA with the lowest loss. The ranking of the concentrations of AA of inevitable CP loss was very similar between the 2 fiber levels. This ranking also was similar in comparison to published values for the endogenous AA losses in broilers. It was concluded that the fiber level in the diet can affect the amount of AA inevitably lost at the terminal ileum and that all AA are affected to a similar extent. The results suggest that there is no effect of enhanced fiber level in the diet on AA composition of prececal endogenous CP loss in broilers. These findings can be considered in modeling the AA requirements of broilers.
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PMID:Effect of inclusion of cellulose in the diet on the inevitable endogenous amino acid losses in the ileum of broiler chicken. 1943 31

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the duration of prefeeding on prececal amino acid (AA) digestibility of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in broilers. The experimental diets with DDGS at levels of 0, 10, and 20% were offered ad libitum for 7, 5, and 3 d, starting on 14, 16, and 18 d of age. Titanium dioxide was used as an indigestible marker. Six pens of 10 birds were allocated to each treatment. Digesta was sampled on a pen basis from the distal two-thirds of the intestine section between Meckel's diverticulum and 2 cm anterior to the ileo-ceca-colonic junction. Ingested and digested amounts of AA were determined for each pen. Digestibility of AA in the diets was not significantly affected by the duration of prefeeding but was significantly reduced by inclusion of DDGS. Digestibility of AA in DDGS was determined by using a linear regression approach. The digestibility of AA in DDGS ranged from 76% (Arg, 5 d of feeding) to 33% (Asp, 3 d of feeding). There was no significant effect of prefeeding time on AA digestibility of DDGS. Lysine digestibility of DDGS was 72%. The mean digestibility of the AA Arg, Cys, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, and Val of DDGS across the 3 prefeeding times was 66%. This study gave evidence that 3 d of prefeeding a diet is sufficient in studying prececal AA digestibility in broilers when low-digestible feeds are used.
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PMID:Effect of the duration of prefeeding on amino acid digestibility of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles in broiler chicken. 2030 99