Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0152447 (urethral discharge)
 296 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 377 men attending clinics for the treatment of sexually transmitted disease, 104 had gonococcal urethritis, 72 had definite nongonococcal urethritis, 53 had possible nongonococcal urethritis, and 123 had no urethritis. A purulent urethral discharge was noted in 78% and 14% of patients with gonococcal urethritis and definite nongonococcal urethritis, respectively (P less than 0.001). In contrast, 4% and 64% of men with gonococcal urethritis and definite nongonococcal urethritis, respectively, had a clear urethral discharge (P less than 0.001). Black men with urethritis were more likely to have gonococcal infection, whereas white men were more likely to have nongonococcal urethritis. Homosexual and bisexual white men with urethritis were more likely to have gonorrhea, whereas heterosexual white men with urethritis were more likely to have nongonococcal urethritis. Heterosexual men were more likely than homosexual men to be colonized with Ureaplasma urealyticum. There were no differences in the rates of colonization with Mycoplasma hominis among heterosexual and homosexual men.
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PMID:Clinical and microbiological investigation of men with urethritis. 10 54

In a double-blind comparison of two regimens of triple tetracycline (Deteclo, Lederle) in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis, 68 (88.6%) of 70 patients treated with one tablet twice for 21 days and seen four weeks after starting therapy had satisfactory results. This was significantly better than the findings among the 73 patients treated with one tablet twice daily for seven days and followed for four weeks, among whom only 47 (64.4%) had satisfactory results. Results were also better for the group treated with the 21-day regimen at three months afer the start of treatment. When analysed individually at four and 12 weeks, urethral discharge, urethral Gram-stained smears, and first-glass urine test all gave similar results, which were markedly better than those before treatment. It appears that the longer course of treatment it indicated where any regular partner may not be treated. Slightly fewer patients had satisfactory results among those who admitted consuming alcohol than among those who did not. Chlamydiae-negative patients, treated for seven days, had fewer clinically satisfactory results than other sub-groups.
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PMID:Double-blind comparison of two regimens in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis. Seven-day vs 21-day course of triple tetracyclinc (Deteclo). 11 98

For men with urethral discharge, a simple gram stained smear is 98% sensitive and over 99% specific in detecting gonococcal infection when compared to a single Thayer-Martin culture. The smear is less than 50% sensitive in asymptomatic urethritis. Neither Fluorescent antibody nor various serologic tests offer any diagnostic advantages over smears and/or cultures and they are not cost-effective. Treatment of gonococcal urethritis may be successfully accomplished with a variety of antibiotic regimens. Tetracycline hydrochloride (500 mg four times a day for 5 days) is highly effective, inexpensive, and is active against Chlamydia trachomatis; post gonococcal urethritis (PGU) is therefore uncommon. Aqueous Procaine Penicillin G (4.8 million units IM with 1 g of probenecid) has become the standard in the United States but suffers from higher cost, the need for refrigeration, occasional alarming toxic procaine reactions, and a high incidence of PGU. Spectinomycin 2 g IM remains expensive but is the regimen of choice for treatment failures and for Neisseria gonorrhoeae that produce penicillinase (PPNG). Other antibiotics active against PPNG are cotrimoxozole, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime. PNNG have now been reported from 27 countries throughout the world, but have attained significant prevalence in only a few areas of East Asia and West Africa. Because gonococcal patterns of antibiotic resistance are constantly changing, each region of the world needs to monitor treatment results and maintain some surveillance over sensitivity to antibiotics.
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PMID:Gonococcal urethritis--diagnosis and treatment. 16 Nov 60

The observation of more than four polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) per high-power field (hpf) in gram-stained smears of urethral secretions was found to differentiate patients with urethritis from patients without urethritis. A urethral discharge was present in 78% of patients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). Dysuria without demonstrable urethral discharge and with fewer than four PMN/hpf did not appear to fit into the NGU spectrum. NGU is now defined to include men who have negative urethral cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a urethral discharge and/or more than four PMN/hpf in their urethral smears. The findings of more than four PMN/hpf in the urethral smears of 22%of asymptomatic sexually active men with more than one sexual partner (polygamous controls) suggests that asymptomatic NGU is not uncommon. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated significantly more frequently from the NGU study group than from the control group (P less than 0.001). This study adds Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis), group B streptococci, and yeasts to the list of sexually transmitted microorganisms that are not etiologic determinants of NGU.
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PMID:Diagnosis and etiology of nongonococcal urethritis. 21 95

The current methods used in the diagnosis of gonorrhoea are reported. The sites sampled in symptomatic patients who were not gonorrhoea contacts and those sampled in symptomless contacts are described. Urethral specimens were taken routinely from all male heterosexual and active homosexual patients with a urethral discharge but in only 81% and 82% respectively of these patients if they were symptomless gonorrhoea contacts. Not all consultants would repeat investigations (smear and/or cultures) in gonorrhoea contacts if the initial ones were negative; heterosexual male and active homosexual patients were less likely to be seen again. Smears and cultures were performed routinely on women in 97% of clinics, but for men this was so in only 81% of clinics. The wider use of cultures for men, the policy with regard to the taking of urethral specimens from asymptomatic male heterosexual and active homosexual patients who are gonorrhoea contacts, and the number of diagnostic investigations required are discussed.
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PMID:Diagnostic treatment and reporting criteria for gonorrhoea in sexually transmitted disease clinics in England and Wales. 1: Diagnosis. 34 67

The authors underline the frequency with which trichomoniasis is located in the prostate. In these cases the parasite is rarely in its trophozoite form but has a circular shape which resembles the resistant pseudocystic type. They are found by phase contrast microscopy after staining with 1% cresyl blue which makes the difference with white blood cells. Out of a total of 178 men presenting with urethroprostatic signs (urethral discharge and burning), sterility with oligospermia, or a history of dyspareunia, the circular type of trichomoniasis was found in 40 (22%) of the cases, with urethritis in 26 cases, and prostatitis in the other 14 patients. Two courses of treatment, at one month's interval, with Tinidazole (2 tablets daily for 6 days) or Nimorazole (2 tablets daily for 8 days) produced healing in 4 cases with urethroprostatic effections, disappearance of dyspareunia in 2 out of the 3 cases treated, and return of fertility in 3 out of 7 patients. An up-to-date list of references is given.
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PMID:[Prostatitis due to the circular form of trichomonas (author's transl)]. 49 Jul 66

This paper gives a survey of urodynamic data that may be used for evaluating functional aspects of the bladder and its excretory tract. The different parameters are physically defined. Units of the International System are used in the dimensional formulae, which facilitates the establishment of relations between these parameters. The so-called urethral drag can be derived from the pressure law of Blasius. The calculation is as follows: urethral drag = vesical pressure/(maximum urethral discharge). This value is proportional to the true vesical resistance in a physical sense.
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PMID:[Urodynamic data]. 56

To assess the etiologic role of C. trachomatis and other microorganisms in idiopathic epididymitis, 23 men underwent microbiologic studies, including cultures of epididymal aspirates in 16. 11 of 13 men under age 35 had C. trachomatis infection whereas 8 of 10 over age 35 had coliform urinary tract infection. Cultures of epididymal aspirates yielded C. trachomatis alone in 5 of 6 men under 35, and coliform bacteria alone in 5 of 10 over 35. These results suggests that C. trachomatis is the major cause of idiopathic epididymitis, and coliform bacteria the major cause of epididymitis in older men. Expressible urethral discharge and inguinal pain were more common in the chlamydial cases, whereas concurrent genitourinary abnormality and scrotal edema and erythema occurred more commonly in the coliform cases. The morbidity attributable to C. trachomatis is as serious as that attributable to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of acute "idiopathic" epididymitis. 62 87

Methods of diagnosing and treating male urethritis in King County. Washington in 1974-1975 were examined by a retrospective postal survey, records review, and prospective surveillance. A Gram-stained smear of urethral discharge was used by 86 per cent of private physicians and urethral culture by 56 per cent. Only 5 per cent made a diagnosis without laboratory aid. U.S. Public thealth Service gonorrhea treatment regimens were used by 54-81 per cent of private physicians. Over 90 per cent of physicians not in private practice (emergency room and housestaff) used smear, cultures, and recommended treatment regimens. The Gram-stained smear appeared to be under-utilized and the urethral culture overutilized. There is a significant need for physician education regarding recommended treatment for male gonorrhea.
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PMID:Male urethritis in King County, Washington, 1974-75: II. Diagnosis and treatment. 62 59

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 58.5% of 159 patients with non-specific urethritis (NSU) using irradiated McCoy cell cultures. Patients with persistent Chlamydia-positive NSU remained Chlamydia-positive each time they were examined before treatment and patients with Chlamydia-negative NSU remained Chlamydia-negative during the course of the illness. Neither the duration of symptoms of urethritis nor a history of previous urethritis affected the chlamydial isolation rate significantly. Of 40 patients with severe discharge 30 (75%) harboured C. trachomatis. One-third of the Chlamydia-positive patients had a severe urethral discharge, while this was present in only 15% of Chlamydia-negative patients. Complications--such as conjunctivitis, arthritis, and epididymitis--were more severe in men with Chlamdia-positive NSU than in those with Chlamydia-negative NSU. Of 64 men matched for sexual promiscuity but without urethritis, none harboured C. trachomatis in his urethra. This differs significantly (P less than 0.001) when compared with patients with NSU. C. trachomatis was isolated from the urogenital tract in 24 (42%) out of 57 female sexual contacts of patients with NSU. The presence of C. trachomatis in the women correlated significantly (P less than 0.001) with the isolation of the agent from their male contacts. These findings give further evidence for the aetiological role of C. trachomatis in non-specific urethritis and its sexual transmission.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis in non-specific urethritis. 67 58


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