Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0152447 (urethral discharge)
 296 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 377 men attending clinics for the treatment of sexually transmitted disease, 104 had gonococcal urethritis, 72 had definite nongonococcal urethritis, 53 had possible nongonococcal urethritis, and 123 had no urethritis. A purulent urethral discharge was noted in 78% and 14% of patients with gonococcal urethritis and definite nongonococcal urethritis, respectively (P less than 0.001). In contrast, 4% and 64% of men with gonococcal urethritis and definite nongonococcal urethritis, respectively, had a clear urethral discharge (P less than 0.001). Black men with urethritis were more likely to have gonococcal infection, whereas white men were more likely to have nongonococcal urethritis. Homosexual and bisexual white men with urethritis were more likely to have gonorrhea, whereas heterosexual white men with urethritis were more likely to have nongonococcal urethritis. Heterosexual men were more likely than homosexual men to be colonized with Ureaplasma urealyticum. There were no differences in the rates of colonization with Mycoplasma hominis among heterosexual and homosexual men.
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PMID:Clinical and microbiological investigation of men with urethritis. 10 54

For men with urethral discharge, a simple gram stained smear is 98% sensitive and over 99% specific in detecting gonococcal infection when compared to a single Thayer-Martin culture. The smear is less than 50% sensitive in asymptomatic urethritis. Neither Fluorescent antibody nor various serologic tests offer any diagnostic advantages over smears and/or cultures and they are not cost-effective. Treatment of gonococcal urethritis may be successfully accomplished with a variety of antibiotic regimens. Tetracycline hydrochloride (500 mg four times a day for 5 days) is highly effective, inexpensive, and is active against Chlamydia trachomatis; post gonococcal urethritis (PGU) is therefore uncommon. Aqueous Procaine Penicillin G (4.8 million units IM with 1 g of probenecid) has become the standard in the United States but suffers from higher cost, the need for refrigeration, occasional alarming toxic procaine reactions, and a high incidence of PGU. Spectinomycin 2 g IM remains expensive but is the regimen of choice for treatment failures and for Neisseria gonorrhoeae that produce penicillinase (PPNG). Other antibiotics active against PPNG are cotrimoxozole, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime. PNNG have now been reported from 27 countries throughout the world, but have attained significant prevalence in only a few areas of East Asia and West Africa. Because gonococcal patterns of antibiotic resistance are constantly changing, each region of the world needs to monitor treatment results and maintain some surveillance over sensitivity to antibiotics.
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PMID:Gonococcal urethritis--diagnosis and treatment. 16 Nov 60

In a trial of 2 grams oral single dose of amoxycillin on 70 patients with acute gonococcal urethritis, 64 patients had full bacteriological cure, 4 patients were lost to follow up and presumed cured, two patients, still had gonococcal urethritis one week after treatment but one admitted to re-exposure and subsequently recovered with a second 2 gram single dose of "amoxil". Among 30 patients with non gonococcal Urethritis (N.G.U.) treated similarly, a fairly good response was obtained in those patients in whom Staph. Aureas was absent from the urethral discharge. However single dose therapy was considered unsuitable for non gonococcal urethritis.
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PMID:Two gram single dose amoxycillin in treatment of gonococcal and other urethritides. 81 29

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 26% of urethral swabs taken from 509 men with urethritis. The highest yield of 68% was obtained from a selected group of men with nonspecific urethritis (NSU) who had a frank urethral discharge. This is a higher than in previous reports, and is significantly higher than the isolation of C. trachomatis from men with less severe urethritis. The higher yield was similar to C. trachomatis isolation rates reported among patients with severe trachoma in hyperendemic areas. Men with a previous history of NSU had low isolation rates. Overall, 30% of 385 men with NSU had positive chlamydial culture results, 7% of 59 men with gonococcal urethritis alone were Chlamydia-positive, 15% of 59 men with gonorrhoea followed by NSU (post-gonococcal urethritis) were Chlamydia-positive, and only 3% of 61 men without urethritis harboured Chlamydia. Swabs taken from the cervical os of 28 of 108 female contacts of men with NSU had a positive result for C. trachomatis. Significantly more pairs of sexual partners had the same chlamydial culture result than had different results. The chlamydial isolation rate was higher among men admitting a casual sexual contact than in men claiming only regular partnerships. The findings provide further evidence for the sexual transmission of C. trachomatis and for its aetiological role in NSU.
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PMID:Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from the male urethra. 87 Jan 45

We reviewed 497 patients with male urethritis diagnosed between January, 1986 and March, 1989 at the Asama General Hospital. The incidence of gonococcal urethritis (GU) was 47.7%, and that of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) 52.3%. There was no difference in the age distribution between GU and NGU. Prostitutes were the most common source of the infection in both GU and NGU. Incubation periods were longer in NGU than in GU, statistically. Urethral discharge was the most common symptom. Purulent urethral discharge was seen more commonly than serous urethral discharge in GU. On the contrary, serous urethral discharge was more common in NGU. Penicillin-resistant gonococcus comprised 29.4% and mixed infection of the C. trachomatis existed 25.6% in GU. C. trachomatis was detected in 71.8% in NGU. In GU, new quinolones and penicillins were administered frequently. The effective rates 1 week after the administration were 80.6% and 83.3%, respectively. In NGU, new quinolones and minocycline were administered frequently. The effective rates were 70.4% and 85.3%, respectively. Ofloxacin (OFLX) showed the highest effective rate to NGU among the four new quinolones. The relapse rate for the two-week administration group was lower than that for the one-week-administration group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of male urethritis]. 165 Jan 22

In this study, we researched the resistance of gonococci to penicillin among 30 patients who had urethral discharge because of gonococcal urethritis, between 1990 January and 1990 September at SSK Ankara Hospital. We established 26.6% of isolated 30 Neisseria gonorrhoeae species resistant to penicillin.
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PMID:[Penicillin resistance in gonococcal urethritis]. 176 90

Physicians followed 42 1-120 month old children who had visited the outpatient clinic at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital in Zaria, Nigeria complaining of pain or who had to strain while urinating until they determined the cause of the urinary condition. They conducted this study to examine the clinical profile of children complaining of pain or strain while urinating. 38 presented with pain and 4 with strain. Physicians could not make a definite diagnosis for 24 children. They were able to diagnose urinary tract infection (UTI) in 42.8% (18), however. The causes of the urinary condition included bacterial (nongonococcal) UTI (26.2%), gonococcal urethritis (7.1%), and schistosomiasis (9.5%). Physicians found ova of Schistosoma haematobium in the 4 children, with much blood in their urine. Of the remaining 14 children, 13 children complained of pain. 3 boys 3 years old had urethral discharge caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. The urine of 12 children in the UTI group and 2 of the 24 no definite diagnosis group had significant leucocyturia (+or= 10 white blood cells/ml). Based on the results of this study, physicians should consider any child complaining of persistent pain as having a pathology in the urinary tract since pain was present in 13 of the 14 UTI cases. As for those patients who experience discomfort during micturition, physicians should further examine those with significant leucocyturia.
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PMID:Dysuria in infancy and childhood: an analysis of 42 children presenting in the paediatrics outpatients department. 180 78

In areas such as Los Angeles, California, where penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae accounts for 1% or more of all gonorrhea strains isolated, third-generation cephalosporin agents have replaced penicillin as standard therapy. Ceftriaxone, the agent recommended by CDC guidelines, or ceftizoxime, an alternative agent have excellent activity against all strains of N. gonorrhoeae. One hundred seventy-five male patients with clinically and microbiologically confirmed gonococcal urethritis were treated with single-dose ceftizoxime 250 mg IM (50 patients) or 500 mg IM (125 patients). Cure was demonstrated clinically by repeat cultures of urethral discharge in all patients, including those with infections from penicillinase-producing strains of bacteria. None of the patients experienced complications or allergic reactions to ceftizoxime. Given the lower unit-of-use cost of ceftizoxime, its routine in place of ceftriaxone could result in substantial cost savings in those institutions that treat large numbers of patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis.
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PMID:Treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis with single-dose ceftizoxime. 226 6

The etiology of urethritis was determined for 303 Thai men with urethral discharge containing 5 or more polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)/high power field (hpf) and 132 men with a discharge containing less than 5 PMN/hpf. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated significantly more often from men with greater than or equal to 5 PMN/hpf than from men with less than 5 PMN/hpf (42% vs 1%, P less than .0001). Chlamydia trachomatis was also isolated more often from patients with greater than or equal to 5 PMN/hpf than from men with less than 5 PMN/hpf (16% vs 8%, P less than .03). Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated with nearly equal frequency from both groups of patients (45% vs 37%). Among men with a urethral exudate containing greater than or equal to 5 PMN/hpf, N. gonorrhoeae was isolated as the only pathogen from 19% and in combination with C. trachomatis or U. urealyticum in 23% of these men. C. trachomatis or U. urealyticum, but not N. gonorrhoeae, was isolated from 30%, and no pathogen was isolated from 28% of these men. Among men with urethral exudate containing less than 5 PMN/hpf, N. gonorrhoeae was isolated from only 1%, C. trachomatis or U. urealyticum from 41%, and no pathogen from 58%. These findings suggest that all Thai men with urethral discharge containing greater than or equal to 5 PMN/hpf should be treated for non-gonococcal urethritis and for gonococcal urethritis if gram-negative diplococci are demonstrated on gram stain of the urethral discharge. Men with urethritis with less than 5 PMN/hpf should be treated for only non-gonococcal urethritis.
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PMID:Etiology of urethritis in Thai men. 251 Mar 27

Gonodecten (Gd; U.S. Packaging Corp., LaPorte, Ind.) is a commercially available test for the presumptive diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in men. With this test, urethral discharge is collected on a swab, placed in a plastic tube, and moistened with oxidase reagent. Development of a purple color on the swab within 3 min indicates the presence of gonococci. This system was compared with culture and Gram-stained smear for the diagnosis of gonorrhea. Of 240 specimens tested, 174 were positive with culture, Gram stain, and the Gd test and 48 were negative with all tests. For eight specimens, cultures and smears were positive, but the Gd test was negative. Nine specimens produced positive Gd tests with negative smears and cultures. Only one specimen was positive on culture and with the Gd test and negative on Gram-stained smear. Haemophilus species were isolated from 14 specimens; 5 produced positive Gd test reactions, with gonococci being coisolated from 4. The sensitivity and specificity of the Gd test compared with culture were 95.6 and 84.2%, respectively, whereas the Gram stain was 99.5% sensitive and 100% specific compared with culture. The Gd test may be a useful screening test for the diagnosis of gonorrhea in men with urethral discharge, particularly in settings where a microscope, Gram stain reagents, or technological expertise is not readily available.
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PMID:Evaluation of Gonodecten for the presumptive diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in men. 257 91


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