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Query: UMLS:C0152031 (swollen joints)
 535 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arthritis characterized by lameness. Joint swelling and purulent synovial fluid was seen in a group of dairy replacement heifers. Mycoplasma was cultured from one joint aspirate, but all bacterial cultures were negative. Antiglobulins were demonstrated by double diffusion precipitin tests in the serum and synovial fluid. Due to the clinical and clinical pathological similarities to rheumatoid arthritis in man, the disease was called rheumatoid-like arthritis. The presence of antiglobulin may indicate antibody in the synovial fluid explaining the difficulty in culturing a causative agent.
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PMID:A rheumatoid-like arthritis in calves. 125 5

A one-time, orally administered dose of greater than or equal to 1 X 10(6) colony-forming units of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides was sufficient to induce clinical mycoplasmosis (n = 37) terminating in fatal mycoplasmemia in 73% (37 of 51) of the clinically affected kids. The pathogen was isolated from the blood samples as early as 24 hours after oral inoculation; hot, swollen joints frequently were evident by 4 or 5 days after exposure. Pyrexia (to 42.3 C) was detected in about 95% (35 of 37) clinically affected kids, although about 5% (2 of 35) died peracutely without fever or other premonitory signs. At necropsy, the cardinal lesions were a fibrinopurulent polyarthritis and red, patchy to diffuse areas of consolidation in 1 or more lung lobes. At death, usually within 4 to 16 days after oral inoculation, the concentration of M mycoides subspecies mycoides in the blood was 1 X 10(6) to 1 X 10(7) colony-forming units/ml. Histologically, the kids had diffuse fluid leakage into pulmonary alveoli and to a lesser extent into small vessels of various other organs. Fibrinocellular thrombi of terminal occurrence were occasionally present in various organs. The meningeal, pleural, and peritoneal surfaces had vascular leakage and a minimal perivascular accumulation of leukocytes. The disease was contagious. Of 14 noninoculated control kids in close confinement with affected kids, 8 (57%) developed mycoplasmosis in 7 to 15 days and died of mycoplasmemia. The remaining 5 noninoculated kids remained healthy, as did noninoculated kids that were kept isolated from affected kids.
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PMID:Induction of mycoplasmosis in goat kids by oral inoculation with Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. 353 78

A commercial goat dairy comprised of about 300 lactating does suddenly began to have a problem with polyarthritis in the kids and clinical mastitis in the does. The problem began 3 to 4 weeks following the introduction of 27 lactating does from a herd with a history of mastitis caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (Mmm). Over 2 kidding seasons (about 12 months), approximately 170 kids and 70 does died or were euthanatized. Affected kids were 2 to 8 weeks old, had multiple warm swollen joints, body temperature of 40.8 to 41.5 C, marked weight loss, and pneumonia. All were lame and some experienced so much discomfort that they were unable to get up. The predominant necropsy finding was severe fibrinopurulent polyarthritis, but fibrinous pleuritis, fibrinous pericarditis, interstitial pneumonia, and bronchopneumonia also were found in some kids. Culturing of affected joints and of bulk tank milk yielded large numbers of Mmm. The outbreak was terminated by feeding heat-treated colostrum (56 C for 1 hr) and pasteurized milk to kids. Milk from the does was cultured repeatedly; by this procedure, the does shedding Mmm in the milk were identified and culled.
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PMID:Milkborne outbreak of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides infection in a commercial goat dairy. 634 4

Two flocks of Nicholas tom turkeys from separate farms with histories of above-average condemnations for turkey green-liver osteomyelitis complex (TOC) were studied throughout a 16-week growout. Fifty birds from each farm were necropsied each week for 15 weeks, and birds that had green livers, osteomyelitis in the proximal tibia, or swollen joints were cultured for aerobic bacteria along with an equal number of control birds. At processing, TOC lesions and green livers were obtained for bacterial culture and histopathology. Green-liver-associated TOC was not observed until the turkeys were 9 or 10 weeks of age. The incidence of TOC was higher on one farm, which also had a higher incidence of airsacculitis, higher early and weekly mortality, seroconversion to Newcastle disease virus and Mycoplasma meleagridis, and significantly higher average body weights, relative spleen weights, and relative liver weights. Both farms had a high incidence of intestinal lesions and infestation with Ascaridia dissimilis. Histological evaluation of green livers revealed hyperplasia of bile ducts, dilation of sinusoids, and pigment-containing Kupffer's cells, some of which stained positive for iron. The bacterial isolates most frequently cultured from bones and livers were pleomorphic gram-variable coccobacilli, which grew visible colonies only after a series of subcultures and extended incubation.
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PMID:A longitudinal study of green-liver osteomyelitis complex in commercial turkeys. 770 7

This case report describes gross lesions and histopathological findings in a 3-months-old calf originating from a feedlot with approximately 400 cattle. In this animal and additional 14 cattle of similar age, which were kept together in the same stable, swollen joints had occurred suddenly. The examination of this calf showed that a severe polyarthritis induced by haematogenous spread of Mycoplasma bovis following bronchopenumonia was present, which was characterised by necrotising lesions of the joint capsules and severe cartilage erosions.
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PMID:[Bronchopneumonia and polyarthritis due to Mycoplasma bovis in a calf]. 1275 54

Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. were necropsied (n=34; 1995-1997) or clinically evaluated (n=25, 2002-2003) to characterize a lameness and polyarthritis, reported by wildlife veterinarians and rehabilitators, and unsuccessfully treated with antibiotics. Overall, 22 affected skunks had one or multiple swollen joints, swollen paws, and subcutaneous abscesses. Purulent exudate was located in joint spaces, in periarticular connective tissue between muscle fascicles and tendons, and between and along flexor and extensor tendons of the paws. Histologic examination revealed suppurative arthritis, with necrosis and erosion of articular cartilage, and suppurative osteomyelitis. Special stains failed to reveal a causative microorganism within affected joints, and routine bacteriologic cultures failed to isolate a pathogen with any significant frequency or consistency. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments were performed using DNA extracted from archived, formalin-fixed joint samples of 11 affected skunks, and DNA from joints of 7 of 11 affected skunks yielded amplicons with sequences highly similar to sequences of Mycoplasma fermentans within the Mycoplasma bovis cluster, whereas DNA samples from joints of four unaffected skunks were negative by PCR. Skunks from Connecticut, U.S.A. (n=21; 1995-2003) were similarly examined and were found not to have suppurative polyarthritis, suggesting a unique geographic distribution of this condition. Concurrent pathologic conditions in adult skunks from both Cape Cod and Connecticut included verminous pneumonia, gastric nematodiasis, arthropod ectoparasitism, and canine distemper. Amyloidosis was present in skunks with and without suppurative polyarthritis, and the amyloid was immunohistochemically identified as AA-amyloid. This is the first report of suppurative polyarthritis in wild skunks with evidence of a mycoplasmal etiology.
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PMID:Suppurative polyarthritis in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from Cape Cod, Massachusetts: detection of mycoplasma DNA. 1793 47

Mycoplasma bovis was identified by a specific lesion, conventional bacterial culture, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction in 2 feedlot bison found dead with severe, chronic, caseonecrotic pneumonia; polyarthritis; and laryngitis. On microscopic examination, pulmonary lesions were characterized by prominent, well-defined areas of caseous necrosis and bronchiectasis. Immunohistochemical analysis of lung exhibited staining in bronchiolar epithelium and in random areas of caseous necrosis. On gross examination, the laryngeal lesion observed in 1 animal was typical of changes seen in cases of calf diphtheria. Nasal swabs taken from 6 clinically ill bison from the same feedlot revealed 1 animal shedding M. bovis by the nasal route. No other pathogens were recovered from the pulmonary or laryngeal lesions; however, Mannheimia haemolytica was cultured from the nasal swabs of 2 clinically ill bison, although not from the animal found to be shedding M. bovis. Several other affected bison had swollen joints and exhibited lameness and a reluctance to move. Changes observed in dead and clinically ill bison from this feedlot are similar to what has been described in the literature as chronic pneumonia and polyarthritis syndrome in feedlot cattle caused by M. bovis. Based on the severity of the lesions, and the number of dead and affected animals, bison in a feedlot setting appear to exhibit sensitivity to infection with M. bovis.
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PMID:An outbreak of chronic pneumonia and polyarthritis syndrome caused by Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot bison (Bison bison). 1846 Jun 30

Goats were infected experimentally with a mycoplasma (the "Irbid" strain) isolated previously from a goat with contagious agalactia in northern Jordan. The strain was unusual in that, although it had been identified by molecular methods as Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC/Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, it showed no inhibition of growth by any of the hyperimmune rabbit antisera conventionally used to speciate members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. Animals were infected either intratracheally or by aerosol and placed "in-contact" with other goats. After 2 weeks, those infected intratracheally became febrile, showing a nasal discharge and slight conjunctivitis, followed a week later by respiratory distress and polyarthritis; lesions seen at necropsy included coagulative necrotic pneumonia, fibrinous pleurisy with pleural exudate, and inflammatory exudates, necrosis and fibrosis in the joints. Animals infected by aerosol showed much milder clinical signs, including nasal discharge and occasional swollen joints. In the "in-contact" goats, seroconversion was first seen after 7 weeks, accompanied by coughing and laboured respiration; lesions in this group consisted of fibrinous pneumonia with focal areas of necrosis and abundant pleural exudate.
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PMID:Experimental infection of goats with an unusual strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri isolated in Jordan. 1944 37

A disease outbreak of high morbidity and high mortality in bison (Bison bison) was investigated. Clinical signs included lameness, swollen joints, respiratory distress, and lethargy. Fifty-three of 194 animals died. Cows between 5 and 10 years of age were the most affected group, in which 40 of 88 animals died. Necropsies were performed on several animals. There were abscesses in the lung and liver, as well as fibrinosuppurative pleuritis, polyarthritis, and disseminated microabscesses in various organs. No significant bacteria were isolated by routine aerobic cultures of lung and liver from 2 representative cases. However, Mycoplasma cultures were positive. Polymerase chain reaction tests on the isolated bacteria were positive for Mycoplasma bovis. Histologically, the abscesses were characterized by areas of necrosis with variable mineralization rimmed by granulomatous inflammation and fibrous tissue. No new animals had been introduced into the herd, but a cattle herd was present adjacent to the affected bison herd. Two restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used to compare the bison isolate and another bison isolate from an outbreak in North Dakota with a field isolate of M. bovis from cattle and with a laboratory control strain of M. bovis; the isolates and control strain were found to be similar. The isolates and the control were sequenced and compared with sequences in GenBank. Bison isolates were more than 99% homologous to M. bovis sequences in GenBank. It was concluded that M. bovis in bison can cause disseminated infection with a high morbidity and mortality and that bison isolates are similar to bovine M. bovis isolates.
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PMID:Mycoplasma bovis outbreak in a herd of North American bison (Bison bison). 2080 47

Four meat turkey farms with a history of lameness were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma synoviae by testing one flock per farm for antibodies with the rapid plate agglutination (RPA) test and/or for M. synoviae DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Flocks were sampled every 2 weeks from 6 weeks of age until slaughter. If PCR results were positive, tracheal swabs were taken for mycoplasma isolation and swollen joints were sampled for general bacteriology, mycoplasma culture and virology. In one flock, all M. synoviae diagnostic tests were negative but reovirus was isolated. In the other flocks, M. synoviae was the only pathogen associated with lameness due to joint disease. M. synoviae RPA tests became positive 6 to 8 weeks later than PCR. An experimental infection was then conducted in male meat turkeys in which a negative control group was sham inoculated at 8 weeks of age, while three other groups were inoculated intravenously with M. synoviae. Turkeys in group LCh were given 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) of an arthropathic M. synoviae chicken strain at 8 weeks; group LHCh was given a low (10(5) CFU) dose at 8 weeks, followed by a high (10(8) CFU) dose at 12 weeks, of the same chicken strain; and group HTu was inoculated with 10(8) CFU of a M. synoviae turkey joint isolate from the field study. Post-mortem examination, histopathology, serology, bacteriology and mycoplasma culture were performed at 19 weeks of age. A dose effect was found after comparing the LCh and the LHCh groups. No significant difference was observed between the HTu (10(8) CFU/bird) and the LCh (10(5) CFU/bird) group regarding the number of turkeys with arthritis, the number of M. synoviae reisolations and the mean microscopic lesion scores of joints, indicating that the M. synoviae chicken strain has greater arthropathogenic potential and that infection of turkeys in the field with such a strain may possibly have a greater clinical and economic impact.
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PMID:Longitudinal field study on the occurrence of Mycoplasma synoviae in Dutch turkey flocks with lameness and experimental induction of the condition. 2251 33


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