Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0152030 (skin irritation)
 2,146 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

T-2 toxin is the type-A trichothecene and a common contaminant of food and cereals, produced by Fusarium species. T-2 toxin easily penetrates skin due to its lipophilic nature and causes skin irritation and blisters in humans. Physical protection of the skin and airway is the only proven effective method of protection. To date, no chemical antidotes are available to prevent T-2 induced lethality. In the present study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of 20% N,N'-dichloro-bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) urea (CC-2) formulation against lethal topical exposure dose of T-2 toxin in mice. None of the animals exposed to only T-2 toxin at lethal dose of 2 and 4 LD50 (11.8 and 23.76 mg/kg body weight) survived beyond 36 and 16 h, respectively. CC-2 application at 5 and 15 min post-exposure protected mice 100% from lethality at 2 LD50. Survival rate was 100% and 50% at 4LD50 dose if CC-2 was applied dermally within 5 and 15 min post-exposure. Recovery profile of surviving animals after 2LD50 T-2 toxin exposure at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days was assessed in terms of hepatic GSH, lipid peroxidation, serum ALP, ALT and AST. Hepatic lipid peroxidation significantly increased in all groups exposed to T-2 toxin by 3 day but normalized by day 7. A delayed GSH depletion was noted in surviving animals on day 7 but recovered by day 14. ALT and AST levels were elevated in all CC-2 protected mice on day 1 and normalized by day 3. ALP level decreased till day 7 in all protected groups. The biochemical variables recovered to control values by 14th day. GC-MS analysis after in vitro interaction of CC-2 formulation with T-2 toxin had shown that nearly 86% of T-2 toxin is decontaminated in 5 min but 8-10% of T-2 toxin was still present even after 60 min of interaction. Results of our study suggest that CC-2 may be an effective dermal decontaminant against lethal topical exposure of T-2 toxin.
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PMID:Evaluation of protective efficacy of CC-2 formulation against topical lethal dose of T-2 toxin in mice. 2224 78

Electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) are two advanced rapid prototyping manufacturing technologies capable of fabricating complex structures and geometric shapes from metallic materials using computer tomography (CT) and Computer-aided Design (CAD) data. Compared to traditional technologies used for metallic products, EBM and SLM alter the mechanical, physical and chemical properties, which are closely related to the biocompatibility of metallic products. In this study, we evaluate and compare the biocompatibility, including cytocompatibility, haemocompatibility, skin irritation and skin sensitivity of Ti6Al4V fabricated by EBM and SLM. The results were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Both the EBM and SLM Ti6Al4V exhibited good cytobiocompatibility. The haemolytic ratios of the SLM and EBM were 2.24% and 2.46%, respectively, which demonstrated good haemocompatibility. The EBM and SLM Ti6Al4V samples showed no dermal irritation when exposed to rabbits. In a delayed hypersensitivity test, no skin allergic reaction from the EBM or the SLM Ti6Al4V was observed in guinea pigs. Based on these results, Ti6Al4V fabricated by EBM and SLM were good cytobiocompatible, haemocompatible, non-irritant and non-sensitizing materials. Although the data for cell adhesion, proliferation, ALP activity and the haemolytic ratio was higher for the SLM group, there were no significant differences between the different manufacturing methods.
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PMID:A Comparison of Biocompatibility of a Titanium Alloy Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting and Selective Laser Melting. 2739 95