Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0152030 (skin irritation)
 2,146 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several integrin heterodimers such as alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 6 beta 4 and alpha v beta 5 are expressed on basal keratinocytes of the epidermis. Because overexpression of these integrins as well as induction of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) have been found in inflammatory dermatoses, we sought to determine whether these modulations could be used as markers of skin irritation. In normal epidermis, topical application of 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for 24 h caused an upregulation of alpha 3, beta 1, alpha 6, beta 4, alpha v, beta 5 and to a lesser extent alpha 2 integrin chains as well as an induction of ICAM-1. To investigate whether these parameters could also be used for evaluation of skin irritancy in vitro, SDS was applied for 24 h to reconstructed epidermis on de-epidermized dermis (RE-DED). In RE-DED, integrin overexpression and aberrant alpha 5 expression was seen under normal in vitro culture conditions and topical application of SDS caused only marginal additional upregulation. We could not detect any ICAM-1 reactivity on either normal or irritated RE-DED. Our results demonstrate that the modulation of integrin and ICAM-1 expression can be used as markers of irritation of the epidermis in vivo, but not in vitro.
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PMID:Expression of integrin receptors and ICAM-1 on keratinocytes in vivo and in an in vitro reconstructed epidermis: effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate. 759 28

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-18 are all known to contribute to the regulation of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) migration and the subsequent accumulation of dendritic cells (DC) in draining lymph nodes following skin sensitization. However, the cytokine signals that control these responses following skin irritation have yet to be defined. We demonstrate that IL-1alpha, a cytokine associated with skin injury and inflammation, is able to stimulate the activation and migration from the epidermis of LC and their subsequent accumulation in skin-draining lymph nodes. Stimulation of these responses by IL-1alpha required the local availability of TNF-alpha. Using specific neutralizing antibodies, LC migration induced following skin sensitization with oxazolone (Ox) was found to be dependent upon IL-1beta and independent of a requirement for IL-1alpha. However, the converse was true following stimulation of responses with the nonsensitizing skin irritant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). Here, the loss of LC from the epidermis and the accumulation of DC in draining lymph nodes required IL-1alpha and not IL-1beta. Despite utilizing different IL-1 isoforms for LC mobilization, the phenotypic characteristics of DC arriving in draining lymph nodes in response to Ox and SLS were similar with respect to the membrane determinants MHC class II, B7-1, B7-2, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. These data suggest that contact sensitization and skin irritation employ subtly different cytokine networks in the regulation of LC migration, both involving TNF-alpha but demonstrating differential requirements for IL-1 cytokines. The proposal is that different forms of cutaneous trauma may achieve LC migration through distinct molecular mechanisms.
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PMID:Differential regulation of epidermal langerhans cell migration by interleukins (IL)-1alpha and IL-1beta during irritant- and allergen-induced cutaneous immune responses. 1214 Jan 76