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Query: UMLS:C0152030 (skin irritation)
 2,146 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty patients with astrocytomas recurrent after surgery +/- radiation were treated on a phase II protocol of the new anthracycline derivative menogaril 115 mg/m2 administered intravenously once per week. Sixteen patients were evaluable for treatment efficacy. No patient achieved a major therapeutic response. Three patients (19%) had stable disease for greater than 8 weeks, including one who showed minor evidence of tumor regression, but less than 50%. Thirteen patients failed. Treatment was well tolerated. One patient developed granulocytopenia, while none developed thrombocytopenia. Four patients required an interruption in their treatment for one to two weeks because of development of granulocytopenia (one patient) or other reasons. Other toxic effects included arm vein phlebitis and skin irritation, skin discoloration of the infused arm, mild to moderate nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, and a fatal central venous catheter infection. Despite the fact that menogaril appeared to have therapeutic activity against recurrent astrocytomas in our phase I studies, we could not document any activity in this phase II study.
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PMID:Phase II study of weekly intravenous menogaril in the treatment of recurrent astrocytomas in adults. 133 46

The frequency of rectal infections is increased in patients with acute leukemia. Complications associated with rectal lesions may be severe enough to cause life-threatening septicemia. Clinical research evaluating the effects of preventive perirectal skin care is scarce. This study's purpose was to determine whether using chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in a prophylactic perirectal skin-care regimen decreases perirectal infections and whether it produces more skin irritation than a nonmedicated skin cleanser. The sample consisted of 40 patients, 16 of whom were randomized to use chlorhexidine and 24 of whom were randomized to use nonmedicated skin cleanser. Chi-square and t-tests were used to analyze the incidence of skin breakdown and rectal infections; the correlation between the two factors; a positive history of rectal infections, fissures, or hemorrhoids; presence of hemorrhoids; severity of diarrhea; and duration and severity of granulocytopenia. A positive relationship was found between the severity of granulocytopenia and the incidence of rectal infections (p = 0.02). No significant difference was seen in the occurrence of perirectal infections (p = 0.35) or skin breakdown (p = 0.18) between the two groups. The data suggest that CHG does not offer increased protection against perirectal infections in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy, nor is it more irritating than a nonmedicated skin cleanser. Further studies are needed to examine the efficacy of hygienic measures such as using skin disinfectants to prevent infections in patients who are immunocompromised.
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PMID:Efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate use in the prevention of perirectal infections in patients with acute leukemia. 194 67

Fusarenon-X (F-X) is one of the trichothecene mycotoxins, which have been suggested to induce Fusarium mycotoxicoses. Administration of F-X to experimental animals causes diarrhea, skin irritation, and foot edema. In the present work the properties of F-X-induced inflammation were examined. F-X increased capillary permeability of the abdominal blood vessels in a dose-dependent manner in mice. The F-X-induced increase of the abdominal capillary permeability was not inhibited by 200 mg/kg po of phenylbutazone, 200 mg/kg po of aspirin, 40 mg/kg po of phentolamine, 50 mg/kg po of diphenhydramine, 100 mg/kg po of dibenzyline, 200 mg/kg of hydrocortisone, and 4 mg/kg sc of reserpine. These results suggest that the permeability increment by F-X may not be mediated by serotonin, histamine, norepinephrine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes. The increment by F-X also appears to result from histological changes in the capillary blood vessels which are possibly induced by F-X-induced inhibition of protein synthesis, and/or from unidentified inflammatory chemical mediators.
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PMID:Characteristics of inflammation induced by fusarenon-X, a trichothecene mycotoxin from Fusarium species. 342 69

Municipal sewage treatment plant workers are potentially exposed to a multitude of industrial chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms. A questionnaire survey of working habits, lifestyle and symptoms of illness was conducted among 189 municipal sewage treatment plant workers processing between three and ten million gallons of wastewater daily in 16 plants in New York State between March and July of 1984. Water treatment plant workers in the same cities comprised the comparison group. Sewage workers reported a significantly higher frequency of headache, dizziness, sore throat, skin irritation and diarrhea within the month immediately preceding receipt of the questionnaire, after controlling for various possible confounders. Eye and skin irritation were significantly associated with exposure to mutagens. The health significance of these findings and possible sources of error in assessing risk are discussed.
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PMID:Health among municipal sewage and water treatment workers. 368 35

Seven patients with severe psoriasis were treated with the aspartate carbamylase inhibitor N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA). Three patients showed a definite improvement lasting up to 3 months after each course of therapy. Three other patients showed more limited responses of shorter duration, and one patient experienced progressive worsening of his psoriasis while on the study. Psoriatic arthritis did not appear to be improved by the PALA therapy. Side effects were usually mild and limited to skin irritation and diarrhea. The development of alternate schedules of administration may lead to a more useful treatment response in patients with severe psoriasis.
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PMID:Treatment of psoriasis with N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate. 622 52

This review examines the commonly available topical acne agents and factors that determine their percutaneous absorption. Reported and theoretical adverse effects from systemic exposure are detailed. The topical retinoid class, which includes tretinoin, adapalene and tazarotene, and the topical antibacterials, clindamycin and erythromycin, are regulated by prescription in most countries. Used appropriately, the above-mentioned drugs deliver, at most, miniscule amounts of active ingredient into the circulation. Clear-cut links to systemic toxicity in humans are practically nonexistent, except in the case of topical clindamycin, which has been associated with diarrhea rarely, and there have been 2 cases of pseudomembranous colitis reported. Birth defects have occurred in two patients treated with tretinoin and one patient treated with adapalene, but causation was not proven. Another prescription drug, 20% azelaic acid, is associated with relatively high systemic exposure, which is presumed innocuous because it is a normal dietary constituent whose endogenous levels are not altered by topical use. Benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, sulfur, and sodium sulfacetamide are available in concentrations of 2% or more in over-the-counter acne treatments and some prescription products. All of these agents are known to exhibit some degree of percutaneous absorption. They remain largely unregulated because, other than skin irritation, only local allergic contact dermatitis from benzoyl peroxide in about 2.5% of patients and rare local and systemic hypersensitivity reactions from sodium sulfacetamide have been reported. Salicylism has occurred using methyl salicylate ointments and high concentrations of salicylic acid on widespread areas of hyperkeratotic skin, but there are no known cases resulting from salicylic acid acne products. Caution is advised in special circumstances, such as during childhood, pregnancy, lactation and concomitant therapy with other drugs, because relevant studies are lacking. Animal data support avoidance of many topical agents, particularly known teratogens such as retinoids and salicylic acid, in pregnant women. Salicylate avoidance is advised during lactation, because aspirin use carries the risk of bleeding disorders in nursing infants.
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PMID:Topical acne drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety. 1281 37

Fecal incontinence presents a major challenge in the comprehensive nursing care of acutely and critically ill patients. When manifested as diarrhea, the effects of fecal incontinence can range from mild (superficial skin irritation) to profound (severe perineal dermatitis, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and sepsis). Fecal incontinence has many etiologies and risk factors. These include damage to the anal sphincter or pelvic floor, liquid stool consistency, abnormal colonic transport, and decreased intestinal capacity. To avoid or minimize complications, the cause of diarrhea should be addressed, fecal leakage prevented, stool contained, and skin integrity preserved. Management options addressing these goals include diet, pharmacological therapy, and the use of containment products. Management options and their respective advantages and disadvantages are presented with a special focus on safety issues. Diverse approaches are safe only if they are knowledgeably selected, carefully instituted, and constantly monitored for their effects on patient outcomes. Research to identify which options work best in selected clinical situations and which combinations of therapies are most effective is needed.
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PMID:Fecal incontinence in acutely and critically ill patients: options in management. 1720 27

The increasing transport of goods worldwide is mainly carried in standard containers. These containers are frequently fumigated in order to protect freight from pests and to follow regulations of importing countries. Fumigants as well as toxic industrial chemicals can adsorb to goods and be emitted from them over various periods of time. This review is based on a literature search, analyses of air samples from a randomized selection of import containers at the port of Hamburg and clinical investigations of intoxicated subject. These data indicate that about 70% of imported containers exceed national or international threshold levels, about one sixth exceeding occupational exposure limits of fumigants and/or toxic industrial chemical, 0.5% had concentrations immediately dangerous to life or health. Intoxications by inhalation mainly occur in workers in the logistics area. No information exists on possible fumigation in small and medium-sized companies where the container units are unloaded. Neurological and respiratory ailments dominated in patients from our outpatient clinic and those reported in the literature: symptoms were often misdiagnosed. Our results confirm findings of other investigators that subjects who unload containers or have otherwise intensive contact with imported goods are frequently exposed to toxic or very toxic volatile chemicals. It can be assumed that there are many unrecognized cases and also health risks to the ultimate consumers of transported goods. History taking targeted on potential exposure is of great diagnostic importance in elucidating typical temporal relationship between exposure by inhalation and symptoms such as headache, skin irritation, cough, dyspnea, diarrhoea and neurological deficits. Detailed investigations by medical specialists is necessary to confirm suspected diagnoses. This should be combined with immediate special analyses of air samples and laboratory tests (biological monitoring).
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PMID:[Health risks of residual fumigants in international transport containers]. 2022 68

In the UK, it has been suggested that abattoirs are ideal locations to assess the welfare of sheep as most are slaughtered at abattoirs either as finished lambs or cull ewes. Data from abattoirs could provide benchmarks for welfare indicators at a national level, as well as demonstrating how these change over time. Additionally, feedback could be provided to farmers and regulatory authorities to help improve welfare and identify high or low standards for quality assurance or risk-based inspections. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted, which identified 48 animal-based indicators of sheep welfare that were categorised by the Five Freedoms. Their validity as measures of welfare and feasibility for use in abattoirs were evaluated as potential measures of prior sheep welfare on the farm of origin, at market, or during transportation to the abattoir. A total of 19 indicators were considered valid, of which nine were considered theoretically feasible for assessing sheep welfare at abattoirs; these were body cleanliness, carcass bruising, diarrhoea, skin lesions, skin irritation, castration, ear notching, tail docking and animals recorded as 'obviously sick'. Further investigation of these indicators is required to test their reliability and repeatability in abattoirs. Novel welfare indicators are needed to assess short-term hunger and thirst, prior normal behaviour and long-term fear and distress.
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PMID:A systematic review of animal based indicators of sheep welfare on farm, at market and during transport, and qualitative appraisal of their validity and feasibility for use in UK abattoirs. 2683 Nov 77

We report the case of a 2-year-old boy with Hirschsprung's disease who developed perianal pseudoverrucous papules and nodules subsequent to persistent diarrhea and stool leakage after Giardia infection. Bleeding from the papules resulted in iron deficiency anaemia requiring blood transfusion and iron infusion. Topical therapies used over 6 months were of limited benefit and colostomy was considered, but the condition completely resolved after commencement of oral loperamide. This demonstrates that perianal pseudoverrucous papules and nodules can be severe but are entirely reversible upon removal of the source of skin irritation.
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PMID:Perianal pseudoverrucous papules and nodules in Hirschsprung's disease: Rapid resolution with oral loperamide. 2894 Jun 11


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