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Query: UMLS:C0152030 (skin irritation)
 2,146 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cultured human skin cells are a potentially useful model for skin irritancy testing. We have investigated the use of human skin fibroblasts for in vitro screening for skin toxicity. To assess the cytotoxic effects of surfactants, cell viability was measured by the NRU (neutral red uptake) assay and AB (Alamar blue) assay as in vitro methods. The skin irritation potential of surfactants by human skin patch test was assessed as in vivo methods. The close relationship was found between AB assay with human skin fibroblasts and human patch test (r=0.867). There was a relatively good agreement between the NRU and in vivo patch test (r=0.648). These results suggest that AB and NRU assay using cultured human fibroblast could be predictable methods for the irritancy of various surfactants in human.
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PMID:In vitro cytotoxicity tests on cultured human skin fibroblasts to predict skin irritation potential of surfactants. 1090 41

The main objective of this study was to assess an in-house 3T3 NRU cytotoxicity assay for compatibility with a prediction model for acute rodent oral toxicity endorsed by an NIEHS-ICCVAM workshop. The aim is to use the NRU assay as one test component of HTS strategies for both acute oral toxicity and acute skin irritation, enabling the rejection of the most toxic materials and prioritisation of other materials for further testing. Groups of model cytotoxins and irritants were tested using the NRU assay and their EC50 values obtained from dose-response curves. These values were compared with those estimated from a limited (three)-dose protocol, deemed more suitable for HTS. A good correlation was observed between the EC50 values from both dose-response curves (R2=0.94). The relationships between EC50 values and acute rodent oral toxicity were compared by application of the prediction model to the model cytotoxins. The results from both full and limited dose-responses fitted within the acceptance limits of the prediction model, with regression lines similar to that of the model. Results indicated that the performance of the currently used 3T3 NRU cytotoxicity assay was similar to that of the assays used to generate the data employed in developing the prediction model. This prediction model can be applied with both the standard and HT assays to estimate acute rodent oral toxicity.
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PMID:In-house assessment of a modified in vitro cytotoxicity assay for higher throughput estimation of acute toxicity. 1459 68

Arginine-derivative surfactants constitute a novel class of surfactants, which can be regarded as an alternative to conventional surfactants. Prior to human exposure, it is necessary to assess their irritation potential. The classical in vivo evaluation of the irritancy potential via the Draize test has been extensively criticized. In that regard, a great number of in vitro alternatives have been developed. Erythrocytes were chosen as the target cells for eye irritation assessment and hemolysis and hemoglobin denaturation were selected as appropriate endpoints. For skin irritancy assessment, the keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544 was used and different in vitro endpoints were measured: two cytotoxicity assays (NRU and MTT) and the synthesis of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1alpha. The eye and skin Draize tests were also performed for comparative purposes. The results point out that, according to in vivo and in vitro assays, the new arginine-derivative surfactants have lower eye and skin irritation potential than the synthetic surfactant SDS. Furthermore, in vitro methods were also able to detect differences in irritancy among the new surfactants not noticeable by the Draize tests, indicating that in vitro methods can be more sensitive than the in vivo test, offering the opportunity to detect subtle differences in irritancy.
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PMID:Evaluation of eye and skin irritation of arginine-derivative surfactants using different in vitro endpoints as alternatives to the in vivo assays. 1647 49

According to European laws animal testing in cosmetic industry will be prohibited in a few years and it will be replaced by alternative methods based on cell and tissue culture. Many ingredients of cosmetic formulations are potentially causes of skin inflammation and sensibilization. Since cytotoxicity is known, among other factors, to trigger irritation, in an alternative model for evaluation of skin irritation, it can be considered also the precocious release of inflammatory mediators, i.e. cytokines, originating mainly from keratinocytes. In this in vitro study we have analysed some parameters directly or indirectly related to irritation/inflammation, in NCTC 2544 human keratinocytes during short-time exposure to some potential irritants cosmetic fragrances, included in the European Laws 2003/15/EEC. IIC50 was extrapolated by MTT and NRU viability indexes after exposure of cell ultures to Geraniol Limonene and Benzylic Alcohol for 1, 3 and 6h. NCTC cells were then exposed to sub-toxic doses of selected compounds and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expressions were analysed as early proinflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge our findings demonstrated for the first time that NCTC cells synthesize and modulate LIF after exposure to selected irritating stimuli. Moreover, our results give evidence on LIF role as in vitro precocious endpoint for the assessment of the risk in cosmetic field, because its response under irritation stimuli is very quick and comparable to IL-1alpha.
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PMID:A comparative study of leukaemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-1alpha intracellular content in a human keratinocyte cell line after exposure to cosmetic fragrances and sodium dodecyl sulphate. 1987 10