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Query: UMLS:C0152030 (skin irritation)
 2,146 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of the Androderm testosterone (T) transdermal system (TTD) and intramuscular T enanthate injections (i.m.) for the treatment of male hypogonadism were compared in a 24-week multicenter, randomized, parallel-group study. Sixty-six adult hypogonadal men (22-65 years of age) were withdrawn from prior i.m. treatment for 4-6 weeks and then randomly assigned to treatment with TTD (two 2.5-mg systems applied nightly) or i.m. (200 mg injected every 2 weeks); there were 33 patients per group. Twenty-six patients in the TTD group and 32 in the i.m. group completed the study. TTD treatment produced circadian variations in the levels of total T, bioavailable T, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol within the normal physiological ranges. i.m. treatment produced supraphysiological levels of T, bioavailable T, and estradiol (but not dihydrotestosterone) for several days after each injection. Mean morning sex hormone levels were within the normal range in greater proportions of TTD patients (range, 77-100%) than i.m. patients (range, 19-84%). Both treatments normalized LH levels in approximately 50% of patients with primary hypogonadism; however, LH levels were suppressed to the subnormal range in 31% of i.m. patients vs. 0% of TTD patients. Both treatments maintained sexual function (assessed by questionnaire and Rigiscan) and mood (Beck Depression Inventory) at the prior treatment levels. Prostate-specific antigen levels, prostate volumes, and lipid and serum chemistry parameters were comparable in both treatment groups. Transient skin irritation from the patches was reported by 60% of the TTD patients, but caused only three patients (9%) to discontinue treatment. i.m. treatment produced local reactions in 33% of patients and was associated with significantly more abnormal hematocrit elevations (43.8% of patients) compared with TTD treatment (15.4% of patients). Gynecomastia resolved more frequently during TTD treatment (4 of 10 patients) than with i.m. treatment (1 of 9 patients). Although both treatments seem to be efficacious for replacing T in hypogonadal men, the more physiological sex hormone levels and profiles associated with TTD may offer possible advantages over i.m. in minimizing excessive stimulation of erythropoiesis, preventing/ameliorating gynecomastia, and not over-suppressing gonadotropins.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system in comparison with bi-weekly injections of testosterone enanthate for the treatment of hypogonadal men. 1052 82

Adjuvant bicalutamide monotherapy after radical prostatectomy improves the overall survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. The main adverse event of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen is the development of gynecomastia against which prophylactic breast irradiation can be administered. Therapeutic local radiotherapy using a very small number of fractions is a well-tolerated management option. Symptom improvement is observed in about half of the patients. Radiotherapy-related adverse effects are often mild (erythema, skin irritation) and transient. Tamoxifen has been also shown to be effective in prevention and treatment of gynecomastia induced by adjuvant therapy by bicalutamide in two-third of patients. Long-term safety of this prophylactic and therapeutic approach needs to be investigated through appropriate trials. Further evaluation of the optimal dose and duration of treatment with tamoxifen in this setting is required.
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PMID:[Management of gynecomastia induced by bicalutamide]. 1736 21

Claims of benefits of aromatherapy for cancer patients include reduced anxiety levels and relief of emotional stress, pain, muscular tension and fatigue. The objective of this paper is to provide an updated descriptive, systematic review of evidence from pre-clinical and clinical trials assessing the benefits and safety of aromatherapy for cancer patients. Literature databases such as Medline (via Ovid), the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Cochrane Central were searched from their inception until October 2010. Only studies on cancer cells or cancer patients were included. There is no long lasting effect of aromatherapy massage, while short term improvements were reported for general well being, anxiety and depression up to 8 weeks after treatment. The reviewed studies indicate short-term effects of aromatherapy on depression, anxiety and overall wellbeing. Specifically, some clinical trials found an increase in patient-identified symptom relief, psychological wellbeing and improved sleep. Furthermore, some found a short-term improvement (up to 2 weeks after treatment) in anxiety and depression scores and better pain control. Although essential oils have generally shown minimal adverse effects, potential risks include ingesting large amounts (intentional misuse); local skin irritation, especially with prolonged skin contact; allergic contact dermatitis; and phototoxicity from reaction to sunlight (some oils). Repeated topical administration of lavender and tea tree oil was associated with reversible prepubertal gynecomastia.
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PMID:Aromatherapy as an adjuvant treatment in cancer care--a descriptive systematic review. 2398 86

Case 1 A 60-year-old African American man presented with a medical history of morbid obesity (weighing more than 550 lb), benign prostatic hyperplasia, hyperlipidemia, gynecomastia, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psoriasis, sleep apnea, and cardiomegaly. His size has limited his ability to clean himself properly. He experiences chronic and recurrent skin irritation and cellulitis possibly secondary to intertriginous superinfection, lymphedema, and venous stasis. On examination, his abdomen showed heavy skinfolding with hyperpigmentation, cobblestone and velvety changes, thickening and fibrotic induration of the skin, focal areas of redness, and tenderness on palpation (Figure 1A and 1B). These findings are consistent with a clinical picture of chronic elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) and lipodermatosclerosis (LDS). He has had numerous hospitalizations for recurrent cellulitis in the abdomen and lower limbs during the past 8 years. He is currently residing in a weight-loss facility and is managing skin care using topical nystatin powder and periodic topical triamcinolone ointment.
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PMID:Abdominal Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa: An Underrecognized Disorder. 2778 26