Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Automated methods for the determination of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I were developed, tested, and applied in screening programs of large populations to improve information about the composition and degree of hyperlipoproteinemia. Apolipoproteins B and A-I, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured in 25,659 males and 18,144 females between 20 and 79 years of age, the majority subjectively healthy. The immunoturbidimetric methods used for apolipoproteins B and A-I were shown to be stable over time, and the errors of the methods were below 7%. Apolipoprotein B correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001) for each age decile group and for both sexes (r = 0.82-0.87, P less than 0.001). For a subsample comparable to the large population, apolipoprotein B correlated with cholesterol in low density (i.e., the atherogenic particle), r = 0.89, P less than 0.001. The mean values for apolipoprotein B increased with age for both sexes, with much higher levels in males than in females under 50 years of age. Apolipoprotein A-I was lower in males than in females in all age-groups. At all cholesterol levels males had higher apolipoprotein B, and at the same triglyceride level, also lower apolipoprotein A-I and hence a higher B/A-I ratio than females. Using apolipoprotein B and A-I (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) particles and adopting Swedish consensus criteria for the diagnosis of risk of ischemic heart disease, examples are given showing that many individuals, especially females, with high or borderline total serum cholesterol can be excluded from further investigation/treatment for hypercholesterolemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Apolipoprotein B and A-I in relation to serum cholesterol and triglycerides in 43,000 Swedish males and females. 159 76

An epitope of Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), recognised by a monoclonal antibody BIP-45, is associated with the development of ischaemic heart disease (Duriez et al. 1988). We have examined the genetic relationships between this epitope and three Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the gene for ApoB detected with the enzymes EcoRI, PvuII and XbaI in a sample of 53 unrelated individuals from France. There is an association between binding affinity to BIP-45 and the XbaI RFLP; the 8.6 kb XbaI allele (absence of cutting site) being associated with low-affinity binding to BIP-45. In this sample of individuals there is no significant association between serum cholesterol levels and BIP-45 binding affinity, but there is a significant correlation between serum cholesterol levels and XbaI genotype, with individuals of the genotype X1X1 having the highest and those with the genotype X2X2 having the lowest levels of serum cholesterol. This suggests that variation at the ApoB locus may be involved independently in the determination of serum lipid levels and in the development of ischaemic heart disease.
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PMID:Association between epitopes detected by monoclonal antibody BIP-45 and the XbaI polymorphism of apolipoprotein B. 245 42

In Plzen (Czechoslovakia) and Moscow (USSR), major lipid and apolipoprotein levels were studied in male industrial workers aged 20-60 and in men examined for the presence of ischaemic heart disease. Apolipoprotein B level and the B/B-I apolipoprotein ratio were found most suitable of all biochemical tests to distinguish patients with IHD from healthy people.
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PMID:Lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients with ischaemic heart disease. A comparative study in Plzen and Moscow. 250 34

In a study carried out on over 700 patients with three different manifestations of aterosclerosis (cerebrovascular, coronary and peripheral), we could not find any statistically significant difference between the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in these three groups. Also, there was o difference in cholesterol and triglyceride levels between these three groups and 200 normal subjects. The same held true when we compared a selected group of 76 patients with ischaemic heart disease who had no other risk factor, with a group of 80 control subjects. On the contrary, when we compared several fractions of serum lipoproteins and the ratios of apolipoprotein A to Apolipoprotein B, LDL Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol, and total Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol of the two groups, the differences were statistically significant. We conclude that when other risk factors are excluded, the protein component, rather than the lipid component of the plasma lipoproteins correlates the presence of coronary artery disease.
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PMID:[Various lipoprotein fractions and their relation to ischemic heart disease]. 688 50

We have compared the concentrations of serum lipoprotein apoproteins in 55 ischaemic heart disease (IHD) patients and 116 apparently healthy control subjects by a simple, precise and reasonably sensitive "rocket" electroimmunoassay technique. Apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein C levels in the vaery low density lipoprotein class and apolipoprotein B in the low density lipoprotein class were significantly lower IHD patients than in control subjects (p < 0.001). Apolipoprotein A levels within high density lipoproteins were markedly lower in a subpopulation of IHD patients compared with age-and sex-matched controls (p < 0.05). Using levels in excess of the 95th percentile of the levels in the healthy control population to delineate "abnormalities", we showed that there were more patients with "abnormalities" when lipoprotein apoprotein measurements were considered than when lipoprotein lipids were considered. The positive correlations between lipoprotein lipids and their apoproteins were in most instances greater in IHD patients than in controls.
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PMID:Comparative serum apolipoprotein studies in ischaemic heart disease and control subjects. 747 Feb 45

Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors are the drugs of choice in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), which has a high risk of ischemic heart disease. An open-label study was conducted to test the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin, a new synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in proven FH. After a 4-week placebo phase, 22 subjects were randomized to either 80 mg atorvastatin at night (n = 11) or 40 mg twice a day for 6 weeks. The two dosage groups were well matched and had no difference in lipoprotein responses. After 6 weeks, the LDL cholesterol concentration was reduced by 57%, from 8.16 +/- 1.15 to 3.53 +/- 0.99 mmol/L (P < .001). The total cholesterol concentration decreased from 9.90 +/- 1.32 to 5.43 mmol/L (P < .001). HDL cholesterol concentration increased from 1.19 +/- 0.31 to 1.49 +/- 0.43 mmol/L (P < .001). Triglyceride concentrations decreased from 1.34 +/- 0.66 to 0.88 +/- 0.36 mmol/L (P < .01). Three subjects had single, transient increases of serum transaminase of up to twice the upper limit of normal. Apolipoprotein B concentration decreased significantly by 42%. Changes in apolipoproteins AI and (a) were not statistically significant. Nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed increases in the size of smaller LDL particles in four subjects. Plasma fibrinogen concentration increased by 44%. The drug was well tolerated. One subject withdrew for personal reasons. Atorvastatin is a powerful and safe lipid-modifying agent for LDL cholesterol; it also modifies HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, and may suffice as a single agent for many subjects with heterozygous FH.
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PMID:Atorvastatin: an effective lipid-modifying agent in familial hypercholesterolemia. 930 31

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is the sole protein component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and is thought to play an important role in atherogenesis. We performed a meta-analysis of the associations between the three most frequently investigated polymorphisms (XbaI, signal peptide insertion/deletion, EcoRI) in the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene, lipid parameters, and the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We restricted our analysis to Caucasians. Homozygotes for the XbaI X+ allele had significantly elevated levels of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and apoB, but a decreased risk (OR=0.80; 95%CI: 0.66-0.96) of IHD. Homozygosity for the signal peptide deletion allele was associated with similarly increased levels of LDL-C and apoB, and with an increased risk of IHD (OR=1.30; 95%CI: 1.08-1.58). Subjects homozygous for the rare EcoRI allele had significantly decreased levels of total and LDL cholesterol, but unaltered risk of IHD. We conclude that all three polymorphic apoB sites are associated with altered lipid levels, but not necessarily with a consistently altered risk of IHD. These data suggest that the relationship between apoB levels, hypercholesterolemia and IHD risk cannot have a simple molecular basis in the apoB gene.
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PMID:Molecular variation at the apolipoprotein B gene locus in relation to lipids and cardiovascular disease: a systematic meta-analysis. 1294 66

Apolipoprotein B is a key component in lipid metabolism. Subendothelial retention of apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins is a necessary initiating event in atherogenesis, and high plasma levels of apolipoprotein B is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, whereas low levels may provide protection. The present review examines, with focus on general population studies, apolipoprotein B levels as a predictor of ischemic cardiovascular disease, as well as the association of mutations and polymorphisms in APOB with plasma apolipoprotein B levels, and risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease. The studies can be summarized as follows: (1) apolipoprotein B predicts ischemic cardiovascular events in both genders, and is better than LDL cholesterol in this respect; (2) linkage disequilibrium structure in APOB is more complex than expected from HapMap data, because a minimal set of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms capturing the entire variation in APOB cannot be identified, and thus most polymorphisms must be evaluated separately in association studies; (3) APOB mutations and polymorphisms are associated with a range of apolipoprotein B and LDL cholesterol levels, although the magnitude of effect sizes of common polymorphisms are modest; (4) both mutations and polymorphisms are associated with LDL metabolism in vivo; (5) association of APOB mutations and polymorphisms with lipid and disease phenotype cannot be predicted in silico using evolutionary conservation or existing prediction programs; and finally, (6) except for the E4154K polymorphism that possibly predicts a reduction in risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and ischemic stroke, common APOB polymorphisms with modest effect sizes on lipid levels do not predict risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, or ischemic stroke in the general population.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein B levels, APOB alleles, and risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease in the general population, a review. 1920 May 47

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) has additional benefits over conventional lipid measurements in predicting future cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to validate the clinical relevance of our equation to estimate apoB in a large-scale, prospective, community-based cohort study (Ansung-Ansan cohort study).A total of 9001 Korean subjects were assessed. We excluded subjects with history of CVD (n = 228), taking lipid-lowering medications (n = 51), and those whose outcome data were not available (n = 33). Finally, a total of 8713 subjects (4126 men and 4587 women) with a mean age of 52.2 years were enrolled and followed up biannually for a mean 8.1 years.At baseline, 24.9% of subjects were current smokers, 12.5% had diabetes, and 22.2% had hypertension. Incident case of CVD occurred in 600 of the study subjects (493 ischemic heart disease and 424 stroke). Independent variables included in the models were age, sex, waist circumference, current smoking, and presence of diabetes and hypertension. Both non-HDL cholesterol (HR per 1-SD [95% CI]; 1.13 [1.05-1.23], P = 0.002) and estimated apoB (HR per 1-SD [95% CI]; 1.14 [1.05-1.24], P = 0.001) were independently associated with the development of CVD; however, the LDL cholesterol level was not predictive of future CVD (HR per 1-SD [95% CI]; 1.07 [0.99-1.16], P = 0.08).Both non-HDL cholesterol and estimated apoB level were independently associated with the development of CVD. Because LDL cholesterol has limited value to predict incident CVD, we recommend calculating non-HDL cholesterol or apoB with our equation to predict risk of incident CVD in the general Korean population.
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PMID:Prediction of future development of cardiovascular disease with an equation to estimate apolipoprotein B: A community-based cohort study. 3126 18