Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypertensive emergencies are uncommon and physiologically diverse. Consequently, it is difficult for most physicians to develop a familiarity with all the different hypertensive crises and with all drugs available for treating them (Table 4). Clinicians should not agonize over which is the perfect therapeutic agent for a particular emergency, but instead, they should focus on scrupulous monitoring and familiarize themselves with a few agents that will serve in most situations. Generally, these agents will be sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin. Vigilant neurologic monitoring is mandatory in all hypertensive emergencies. The early symptoms and signs of cerebral hypoperfusion can be vague and subtle, but if recognized, serious complications of therapy can be avoided. Remember, the patient may still be hypertensive. Avoid acute (during the first hour) reductions in MAP of more than 20% whenever possible; subsequent reductions should be gradual. In patients known to have markedly elevated ICP and who need acute reductions in their BP, serious consideration should be given to direct monitoring of the ICP so that CPP can be maintained within safe limits. In general, oral agents should not be used for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Intravenous Labetalol and intravenous nicardipine are not suitable for general use in hypertensive emergencies. In special situations (e.g., perioperative hypertension and subarachnoid hemorrhage), however, they may be employed. Their role may expand with further study. Trimethaphan may be superior to nitroprusside for hypertension complicated by elevated ICP or cerebral dysfunction. Realistically, most physicians will continue to use nitroprusside. Intense neurologic monitoring is more important than the specific agent used. Nitroglycerin is the agent of choice for acute ischemic heart disease complicated by severe hypertension; if it fails, use nitroprusside. For aortic dissection, the combination of nitroprusside and IV propranolol is the therapy of choice; beta-blockade must be achieved rapidly or the dissection may worsen. Trimethaphan is also an agent for first-line therapy. Esmolol is an alternative to IV propranolol for the treatment of aortic dissection, if prolonged beta-blockade might seriously jeopardize the patient. For eclampsia, unless an expert in hypertension during pregnancy has established an alternative, the therapy of choice is hydralazine and magnesium. The treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage is in flux; calcium channel blockers are used to prevent spasm, not to lower BP. If the BP must be lowered immediately, use nitroprusside.
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PMID:Hypertensive emergencies. 758 98

The short-term benefits of minimal access techniques include less pain, early mobilization, and shorter hospital stay. Nonetheless, significant data have accumulated regarding the complications associated with laparoscopic techniques, including those that are unique to laparoscopic surgery such as bile duct injury and disruption of major blood vessels. Other problems such as myocardial ischemia and respiratory acidosis are associated with the cardiopulmonary effects of pneumoperitoneum and systemic CO2 absorption. These physiologic changes, although tolerated by healthy patients, could have particular adverse consequences for infirm and critically ill patients. It would appear that minimizing IAP during insufflation decreases the risk of potentially marked cardiovascular changes and regional blood flow alterations. In turn, this could arguably decrease the risk of perioperative myocardial events, or organ dysfunction or failure. Laparoscopy in the critically ill patient is questionable because the role is not established. An ICU patient has little to gain from the benefits of early mobilization. Conversely, in the presence of raised ICP or borderline organ function, the physiologic changes associated with pneumoperitoneum and laparoscopy could have profound detrimental effects.
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PMID:Physiologic changes during laparoscopy. 1124 11

Simultaneous assessment of a panel of protein markers is becoming essential in order to enhance biomarker research and improve diagnostics. Specifically, postmortem diagnostics of early myocardial ischemia in sudden cardiac death cases could benefit from a multiplex marker assessment in the same tissue section. Current analytical antibody-based techniques (immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence) limit multiplex analysis usually to not more than three antibodies. In this study, mass spectrometry-immunohistochemistry (MS-IHC) was performed by combining laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) with rare-metal-isotope-tagged antibodies as a technique for multiplex analysis of human postmortem myocardial tissue samples. Tissue sections with myocardial infarction were simultaneously analyzed for seven primary, rare-metal-isotope-tagged antibodies (troponin T, myoglobin, fibronectin, C5b-9, unphosphorylated connexin 43, VEGF-B, and JunB). Comparison between the MS-IHC approach and chromogenic IHC showed similar patterns in ionic and optical images. In addition, absolute quantification was performed by MS-IHC, providing a proportional relationship between the signal intensity and the local marker concentration in tissue sections. These data demonstrated that LA-ICP-MS combined with rare-metal-isotope-tagged antibodies is an efficient strategy for simultaneous testing of multiple markers and allows not only visualization of molecules within the tissue but also quantification of the signal. Such imaging approach has a great potential in both diagnostics and pathology-related research.
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PMID:Multiplex quantitative imaging of human myocardial infarction by mass spectrometry-immunohistochemistry. 2955 18